Biodegradable polymeric ion–releasing fillers

Hannah Reynolds BS , Bryanna Bravo BS , Germelle Fulford MS , Ana Martinez BS , Mark A. Latta MS, DMD , Stephen M. Gross BS, PhD
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Abstract

Background

Dentists spend considerable time treating issues stemming from caries, especially recurrent caries. European Union regulations require microplastics to be biodegradable. The goal of this research is to develop biodegradable, ion-releasing fillers that could be incorporated into dental materials that aid in remineralization of teeth.

Methods

Polymeric ion–releasing fillers (PIRFs) that released calcium from a dental composite were prepared. These fillers were synthesized from a biodegradable polymer obtained from a renewable resource (alginate) and are capable of releasing calcium ions. Synthetic variables included the concentration of reactants, emulsifying agents, and applied shear rate. PIRFs were incorporated into dental formulations and categorized by scanning electron microscopy, ion release, degree of conversion, depth of cure, and viscosity measurements.

Results

Scanning electron microscopic images confirmed the successful isolation of the PIRFs from synthesis and subsequent mixing into a bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate continuous phase that was converted into a dental composite. The degree of conversion and depth of cure measurements were consistent with those of a typical dental material, showing the viability of adding PIRFs to dental composites. The effect of mixing the PIRFs on the viscosity of the continuous phase was measured. The addition of up to 5 wt/wt% of these fillers did not significantly increase viscosity, allowing for inclusion into a wide array of dental materials. Incorporation led to pseudoplastic behavior, in which the viscosity decreased with increased shear rate. The incorporation of PIRFs leads to rheopectic behavior at low shear rates and thixotropic behavior at higher rates.

Conclusions

Biodegradable PIRFs are a promising approach to help prevent caries.

Abstract Image

可生物降解的聚合物离子释放填料
牙医花费大量时间治疗龋齿,尤其是复发性龋齿。欧盟规定,微塑料必须是可生物降解的。这项研究的目标是开发可生物降解的、释放离子的填充物,这种填充物可以被纳入牙齿材料中,帮助牙齿再矿化。方法制备可释放口腔复合材料中钙离子的高分子离子释放填料(PIRFs)。这些填料是从可再生资源(海藻酸盐)中获得的可生物降解聚合物合成的,并且能够释放钙离子。合成变量包括反应物浓度、乳化剂和施加剪切速率。PIRFs被纳入牙科配方,并通过扫描电子显微镜、离子释放、转化程度、固化深度和粘度测量进行分类。结果扫描电镜图像证实PIRFs从合成中成功分离,随后混合到双酚a甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯连续相中转化为牙科复合材料。转化程度和固化深度测量结果与典型牙科材料一致,表明在牙科复合材料中添加PIRFs是可行的。测定了混合PIRFs对连续相粘度的影响。添加高达5 wt/wt%的这些填料并没有显著增加粘度,允许包含到广泛的牙科材料中。掺入导致了假塑性行为,其中粘度随剪切速率的增加而降低。PIRFs的加入导致了低剪切速率下的流变行为和高剪切速率下的触变行为。结论可生物降解PIRFs是一种很有前途的预防龋病的方法。
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来源期刊
JADA foundational science
JADA foundational science Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine
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