IJID regions最新文献

{"title":"Game theory of pandemic control: Can collaborative vaccine allocation strategies lead to better outcomes?","authors":"Yiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Ye ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Su ,&nbsp;Qingpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hsiang-Yu Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Increasing vaccine uptake is an effective way to prevent COVID-19 infection in individual countries after the relaxation of social distancing. However, under the limited vaccine resources, vaccine inequality between high- and low-income countries can also produce more infection and cost. Reducing such inequality relies on a more cooperative (unselfish) strategy, such as vaccine donation from high-income countries, which may initially increase their cost. The study aims to analyze the impact of vaccine inequality on cooperative decision-making between two populations. The results provide important insights on achieving global control of infectious disease outbreaks.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>We developed a transmission model incorporating virus evolution under different vaccine-induced natural selection and the migration to allow a long-term repeated outbreak. Vaccine allocation strategies were implemented between two populations the high vaccine coverage population (HC) and the low coverage population (LC). A game theory approach was employed to explore whether pursuing minimum cost for both sides (cooperative strategy) or itself (non-cooperative strategy) for each population. We estimated the effect of each strategy on the total cost (i.e. the sum of vaccine, hospitalization and labor costs). The Nash equilibrium was obtained by minimizing their own cost for individual countries under different vaccine inequality scenarios (from low to high inequality).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under low inequality, both populations achieved the same optimal cost with both cooperative and non-cooperative strategies. Under medium or high inequality, both populations reached a Nash equilibrium with non-cooperative strategies and could not reach global optimum. When inequality was high, HC tended towards vaccine donation even though non-cooperative strategies were adopted.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>When inequality is high, although cooperative decisions can obtain global optimal outcomes, populations tend to choose non-cooperative decisions, increasing extra global costs. The results suggested that effective global control of outbreaks is difficult but vaccine donation can be a win-win strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-dependent innate responses to influenza A and B viruses in paediatric and adult primary nasal epithelial cells","authors":"Tony Chun-Hei Lei ,&nbsp;Kin-pong Tao ,&nbsp;Joseph Gar-shun Tsun ,&nbsp;Genevieve PG Fung ,&nbsp;Calvin SH Ng ,&nbsp;Kate CC Chan ,&nbsp;Paul Kay-sheung Chan ,&nbsp;Albert M Li ,&nbsp;Renee Wan-yi Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Age is a major risk factor for influenza infection. The nasal epithelium is the early responder against infectious agents and environmental stimuli by controlling immune cell infiltration and releasing antimicrobial proteins. However, there is a lack of research distinguishing transcriptomic profiles across age upon influenza infection. While age-associated transcriptomic responses to respiratory viruses (e.g. SARS-CoV2, RSV) in lung have been reported, we, thus, hypothesised there are also age-dependent innate responses to influenza in nasal epithelial cells.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>In our study, primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), obtained from healthy paediatric, adult, and elderly groups, were differentiated in air-liquid interface culture before being infected with influenza A and B. The RNA was extracted from cell lysates 48 hours post-infection for bulk RNA sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Upon influenza A infection, there were 102, 682, and 627 upregulated and 0, 346, and 554 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the paediatric, adult and elderly groups, respectively. Among the upregulated genes, the three groups shared 86 common DEGs, while 320 common DEGs, enriched for more inflammatory and immune responses by cytokine production (e.g., IFN production, IL-17 signalling), were expressed in the adult and elderly groups. Strikingly, influenza A only induced downregulated DEGs in adult and elderly cells, which are associated with microtubule formation and ciliated function.</div><div>Fewer DEGs were induced upon influenza B infection, with only 69, 386, and 44 upregulations and 2, 13, and 2 downregulations in the paediatric, adult and elderly groups, respectively. Twenty-seven upregulated DEGs were commonly expressed amongst the three groups, while adults had 310 uniquely expressed DEGs, enriched for stronger immune defence responses against the virus and promoted more anti-viral cytokines (e.g., response to IL-1).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our analyses illuminate avenues for potential therapeutic approaches against influenza in different age groups, leveraging the power of in vitro experimentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refocusing AMR in the post-COVID-19 era: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Edmond Siu-Keung Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has become one of the top global public health issues as declared by the World Health Organization. It has been estimated that there were 4.95 million deaths associated with bacterial AMR in 2019, including 1.27 million deaths attributable to bacterial AMR. The latest global and local situation on AMR would be presented, with focus on rising trends of multi-drug resistance organisms such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. The impact of COVID-19 on AMR, including both antimicrobial utilization and pattern of resistant bacteria would be examined. To combat the AMR pandemic, Hong Kong has launched the second Strategic and Action Plan on AMR which adopts six key strategic areas namely strengthen knowledge through surveillance and research; optimise use of antimicrobials in humans and animals; reduce incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and preventive measures; improve awareness and understanding of AMR through effective communication, education and training; promote research on AMR; and strengthen partnerships and foster engagement of relevant stakeholders. Positive outcomes have been achieved and new initiatives are underway with ultimate goal to reverse the trends of emergence of AMR in Hong Kong. International collaboration and concerted efforts under the “One Health” approach is essential to tackle the challenges ahead including poor incentives for the pharmaceutical industry to invest in new drug development, risk of AMR in food, and role of the environment in evolution of AMR. Yet, opportunities do exist including sustained effect of non-pharmacological public health interventions, novel anti-bacterial alternatives such as faecal microbiota transplantation and phage therapy, and new financial model for drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond borders: Insights into NTM pulmonary disease's global challenge","authors":"Albert Yick Hou Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The non-tuberculous mycobacterium pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a global challenge with increasing prevalence and incidence. Patients with underlying pulmonary diseases, immunocompromised, malignancy, cardiovascular diseases and underweight are at risk of developing NTM-PD. It has significant morbidity and mortality. NTM-PD treatment is complex and inadequate due to drug resistance, drug related side-effects, limited drug options, poor compliance, and low success rate. NTM-PD poses a huge economic burden on health care services and individuals due to frequent exacerbations, significant respiratory symptoms with complications, frequent health care service utilisation and prolonged costly treatment. The prevalence in the elderly population (&gt;65 years) more than doubled over the past 2 decades. The incidence of childhood NTM-PD has increased significantly. The emergence of person to person transmission of M abscessus is highly alarming. The anticipated rise in global ageing, international travelling and climate change necessitate the need to better understand epidemiological trends, clinical consequences, prognostication and better treatment to the global challenge of NTM-PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychological flexibility, hope and depression among people living with HIV/AIDS: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Run Wang,&nbsp;Xianhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are vulnerable to mental health problems. Mental health problems among PLWHA adversely impact HIV treatment outcomes and lower their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for hope, psychological flexibility and depression among PLWHA.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>Seventy HIV-infected patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms were recruited from Designated AIDS Hospital in Changsha City and randomly assigned (1:1) to intervention groups (7 sessions) or control groups (7 sessions). The control group had access to 7 sessions of one-on-one conventional health education about HIV; those in the intervention group were provided with 7 sessions of psychological counseling based on Acceptance and Commitment during 3 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The AAQ-II score was lower in the intervention group than in the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (OR=1.409, 95% CI: 0.075-26.418, P=0.819). Compared with baseline, the AAQ-II scores of the patients in the intervention group showed a decreasing trend over time, and there was a significant decrease in the AAQ-II scores at the end of the 1st month of intervention and at the end of the 3rd month of intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). The intervention group scored higher levels of hope than the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (OR=0.319, 95% CI: 0.047-2.155, P=0.241). The depression scores in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (OR=4.055, 95% CI: 0.308-53.366, P=0.287).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can effectively enhance the psychological flexibility increase the level of hope and reduce depression symptom among PLWHA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of COVID-19 infection on vaccine uptake during Omicron outbreaks","authors":"Xiaoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yanyan Lyu ,&nbsp;Hsiang-Yu Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, how daily incidence affected vaccination dynamics remains largely unknown. The study aimed at assessing the association between daily infection and daily vaccination during Omicron outbreaks. We collected the daily number of cases and vaccine booster doses from seven countries/regions, including Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and New Zealand in the Pacific Asian region between October 2021 and October 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and the linear regression model have been used to analyze the time-series diagrams of infection and vaccination to determine whether there was a trend of interaction between them. A daily number of tests performed and daily stringency index were used as potential confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DTW showed that the dynamics of infection and vaccination were similar. The regression model demonstrated that the relationship between daily infection and vaccine booster doses was positive in Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and New Zealand but negative in Japan, Malaysia and Thailand. Further analysis showed that countries with a positive relationship had lower vaccine booster rates when booster doses were available.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>A positive relationship between infection and vaccination appeared in most of the study countries with higher vaccine hesitancy. A certain amount of people might be delayed in vaccine uptake until they were aware of a higher risk of infection. The limitation of this study is that we only analyzed the Asia-Pacific region. In the future, we hope to develop more generalizable models to assess the relationship between infection and vaccination. Moreover, the study can help the government increase vaccine uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long road ahead toward elimination of HPV as a global public health threat","authors":"Yao-Chun Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a significant global public health threat, with approximately 250 to 300 million people worldwide living with chronic HBV infection. Although effective vaccines and antiviral treatments have been available for decades, HBV is still responsible for an estimated 820,000 deaths annually, highlighting the persistent challenges in eliminating HBV as a public health threat.</div><div>This presentation begins by discussing the global burden of HBV, emphasizing the increase in the death toll despite a decrease in prevalence. Key prevention strategies are reviewed, including universal infant vaccination with an emphasis on the timely birth dose, catch-up vaccination for unimmunized adults, and antiviral prophylaxis for mothers with high viral loads to prevent breakthrough transmission. The difficulties in implementing these strategies are discussed, focusing on disparities in resource availability.</div><div>For people living with HBV, the importance of early diagnosis and linkage to care are emphasized. Furthermore, the roles of antiviral treatment in reducing the complication risks are discussed. The care cascade faces many hurdles that hinder progress toward HBV elimination, including the lack of awareness and stigma surrounding the infection, limited access to diagnostics and treatment, and difficulties in adherence to long-term care. The presenter advocates for a strengthened healthcare system with patient-centered approaches. Potential actions to overcome these hurdles are addressed.</div><div>By examining the global burden of HBV and the limitations of current strategies, this presentation outlines a roadmap for the future. It underscores the need for sustained commitment, interdisciplinary collaboration, equitable access to care, and the promotion of research and innovation to ultimately eliminate HBV as a public health threat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 WHO influenza treatment guidelines, limitations and gaps","authors":"Timothy Uyeki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) released “Guidelines for the clinical management of severe illness from influenza virus infections.” This was based upon recommendations of a WHO Guidelines Development Group during consultations in 2017-2019. The WHO has updated the recommendations to incorporate new evidence and to expand the scope to include antiviral treatment of non-severe influenza and post-exposure antiviral chemoprophylaxis of influenza. The updated guidelines address seasonal influenza and novel influenza A virus infections of animal origin (zoonotic influenza) and utilized the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to assess data from randomized controlled trials. Updated systematic reviews on antivirals, immunomodulators, other potential therapies, and influenza tests were conducted. For antivirals, network meta-analyses were performed. A WHO Guidelines Development Group provided consensus thresholds for minimally important differences of endpoints from a patient's perspective for non-severe (outpatients) and severe (hospitalized patients) influenza. The recommendations for the updated 2024 “WHO Guidelines for the clinical management of illness from influenza virus infections” will be presented. Limitations of the guidelines and gaps in clinical research for seasonal influenza and zoonotic influenza will be discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echovirus 11 outbreak among neonates in Selangor, Malaysia: An epidemiological investigation","authors":"Jun Fai Yap ,&nbsp;Zaharah Zainuddin ,&nbsp;Soo Cheng Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Community outbreaks involving enteroviruses, particularly Echovirus 11 pose a significant threat to neonates. We aim to present descriptive findings from an epidemiological investigation of a disease outbreak among neonates in two confinement centres located in an urban district of Selangor state, Malaysia, between November and December 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>We conducted a walk-through survey, environmental inspection and laboratory investigations in two confinement centres designated as A and B. Rectal swabs were collected to detect the presence of enteroviruses with further viral sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, ten neonates in the two confinement centres were infected with Echovirus 11, resulting in a total attack rate of 40.0% among the 17 neonates and 8 adult staff members. All infected neonates were of Chinese ethnicity. No epidemiological link was found between cases in confinement centre A and those in centre B. None of the adult close contacts tested positive for Echovirus 11. Sixty percent of the infected neonates presented with fever, while approximately 33.3% exhibited symptoms of meningoencephalitis. All cases required hospitalization, with the exception of one fatality, resulting in a mortality rate of 10.0%. Although disposable diapers were used for all neonates, they were not disposed of immediately after being changed. Disinfection of the bathing basin consisted solely of using Dettol antiseptic liquid.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The likely source of this Echovirus 11 outbreak was community-acquired, with the fecal-oral route identified as the most probable mode of transmission. Echovirus 11 infection, when not manifested as hand-foot-and-mouth-disease, is not a notifiable disease in Malaysia. Regular disinfection with Dettol (which contains the key active ingredient Chloroxylenol) was deemed inadequate. Therefore, emphasizing the importance of thorough handwashing with soap and water, implementing measures such as prohibiting new admissions or ensuring proper disposal of diapers are essential steps to prevent future outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of migration status on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among gay and bisexual men in Australia: Results from the PrEPARE Project 2023","authors":"Simin Yu ,&nbsp;James MacGibbon ,&nbsp;Benjamin R Bavinton ,&nbsp;Sarah K Calabrese ,&nbsp;Dean Murphy ,&nbsp;Shawn Clackett ,&nbsp;Jeanne Ellard ,&nbsp;Tina Gordon ,&nbsp;Dash Heath-Paynter ,&nbsp;Andrew Heslop ,&nbsp;Angus Molyneux ,&nbsp;John de Wit ,&nbsp;Timothy R Broady ,&nbsp;Martin Holt","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Increasing HIV diagnoses rates among migrant gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia highlight the importance of accessing HIV prevention, especially among recently-arrived GBM. We compared GBM who were willing to use but not using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with current PrEP users and assessed effects of migration status on PrEP uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>A national, online cross-sectional survey of GBM was conducted in June–July 2023. Migration status was measured by region of birth and length of residency. Those willing to use but who had never used PrEP were compared with current users by logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 2,046 respondents, 1,907 (93.2%) were HIV-negative/untested with 947 (80.6%) currently using PrEP and 228 (19.4%) willing to use PrEP. Among PrEP users/willing participants (n=1,175), 28.3% were born overseas, including 4.1% who had recently arrived (lived in Australia &lt;2 years). Compared to those who were willing but had never used PrEP, current PrEP users were older (aOR=1.03, 95%CI=1.02-1.05), more likely to be employed (aOR=1.83, 95%CI=1.04-3.20), know at least one PrEP user (aOR=2.05, 95%CI=1.26-3.34), have received an STI diagnosis in the last year (aOR=2.37, 95%CI=1.34-4.19), report &gt;10 recent male sexual partners (aOR=11.28, 95%CI=4.24-29.96), and report condomless anal sex with casual partners in the past 6 months (aOR=4.47, 95%CI=2.83-7.08), and less likely to be recently-arrived GBM from non-high-income English-speaking countries (aOR=0.22, 95%CI=0.07-0.65),. Fewer recently-arrived GBM from non-high-income English-speaking countries used PrEP (50.0%) compared to Australian-born GBM (81.7%), GBM from high-income English-speaking countries (84.0%) and non-recently arrived GBM from other non-English-speaking countries (81.6%; <em>X</em>²(3, 1175)=30.27, p&lt;.001). Most recent arrivals spoke a language other than English at home (90.4%) and had migrated alone (82.7%), primarily for education (59.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>PrEP uptake was concentrated among more sexually active GBM and much less common among recently-arrived GBM. Free or low-cost access schemes, supported by translators, publicised through educational institutions and PrEP users’ social networks may help promote PrEP uptake among recently-arrived GBM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}