IJID regions最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics and trends of antibiotic resistance in several gram-negative bacteria responsible for pneumonia in intensive care patients in Northern Vietnam, 2022-2024","authors":"Nguyen Quoc Phuong ,&nbsp;Pham Ngoc Thach ,&nbsp;Tran Van Giang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to describe the features and trends in antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria in pneumonia patients receiving intensive care in Northern Vietnam.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Specimens were obtained from 222 patients in 2022-2024 and thereafter used for bacterial identification and antibiotic tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 250 strains were identified from 222 specimens, including <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (32.8%), <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (23.6%), and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (20.4%). Antibiotic sensitivity was higher in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) than in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). In CAP, the antibiotic sensitivity of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> was 36.4-90.9%, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> was 22.2-44.4%, and <em>A. baumannii</em> was 0-33.3%. However, in HAP, sensitivity decreased to 15.0-47.5%, 5.6-20.0%, and 1.9-12.9%, respectively. Three gram-negative bacteria in CAP showed lower resistance than HAP. Antibiotic resistance trends for <em>A. baumannii</em> and <em>K. pneumoniae</em> were steady, whereas <em>P. aeruginosa</em> rose to 20.4% in 2023 and 7.6% in 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gram-negative bacteria were responsible for a significant proportion of pneumonia cases in intensive care patients. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria was lower in CAP than in HAP. The trend of developing antibiotic resistance in <em>A. baumannii</em> and <em>K. pneumoniae</em> remained stable, but <em>P. aeruginosa</em> rose from 2022 to 2024.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis and molecular profiling of dengue viruses in Sabah, Malaysia during 2019-2020","authors":"Mya Myat Ngwe Tun ,&nbsp;Jecelyn Leaslie John ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nabeshima ,&nbsp;Abdul Marsudi Manah ,&nbsp;Yuki Takamatsu ,&nbsp;Takeshi Urano ,&nbsp;Kouichi Morita ,&nbsp;Kamruddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Limited information is available on the distribution of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and genotypes in Borneo, particularly, in Sabah, because most studies have focused on Peninsular Malaysia. This study aimed to investigate the serologic and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of DENV in patients from Sabah.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serum samples were collected from febrile patients in Kota Kinabalu and Lahad Datu between 2019 and 2020 at the Kota Kinabalu Public Health Laboratory. We performed virus isolation, serological testing, viremia quantification, and complete genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 188 serum samples, 89 tested positive for DENV by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction: 20 DENV-1, 46 DENV-2, 20 DENV-3, and 1 DENV-4. A total of 38 viruses were successfully isolated. The isolates belonged to DENV-1 (genotypes I and IV), DENV-2 (cosmopolitan genotype) and DENV-3 (genotypes I and III). The phylogenetic analysis revealed close relationships with strains from Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. DENV-2 was the predominant serotype, whereas the highest viremia levels were observed in patients infected with DENV-3.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first detailed phylogenetic and complete genome analysis of DENV in Sabah. Continued molecular surveillance is essential to enhance our understanding of dengue transmission and support effective control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lassa fever in Bauchi State, Nigeria: communication channels and health-seeking behavior.","authors":"Nathanael Afolabi, Benjamin Bukky Ilesanmi, Victor Enangama, Abdulmajid Ahmad, Munkail Titilola, Omolara Oyinlola, Salisu Mohammed, Usman Inuwa, Akinpelu David, Chika Aboh, Olayinka Badmus, Shittu Abdu-Aguye","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In Nigeria, despite the devastating effects of Lassa fever (LF), public health interventions have largely neglected timely health-seeking behavior (HSB) for LF symptoms. We, therefore, examined communication channels as a strategy associated with timely HSB in communities severely affected by LF in Bauchi State.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional design using a multi-stage sampling technique to select 1018 respondents aged 18 years and older. A structured questionnaire was used to conduct the interviews. Multivariate binary logistics regression was used to examine the statistical relationships between HSB and associated factors at 5% level of significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed that 51.15% of the respondents sought timely care from health facilities, whereas 41.33% sought timely care from traditional healers or use home remedies for LF symptoms. Family and friends, community volunteers, and perception of illness were significantly associated with timely care-seeking from health facilities while primary education, community volunteers, and drug availability were significantly associated with timely care-seeking from traditional healers or used home remedies for LF symptoms. Perceived stigma is likely to reduce timely care-seeking from health facilities but likely to increase timely care-seeking from traditional healers or used home remedies for LF symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most respondents still have the tendency to seek timely care from traditional healers or use home remedies in place of health facilities on LF symptoms. Communication channels and the adoption of the health belief model are essential strategic tools for promoting timely HSB from health facilities and identifying the barriers that hinder it.</p>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"100710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of severe acute hepatitis cases of unknown etiology in pediatric patients reveals the presence of adenovirus involvement in central India","authors":"Manish Katiyar ,&nbsp;Akhilendra Singh Parihar ,&nbsp;Subbiah Kombiah ,&nbsp;Pushpendra Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Human adenovirus (HAdV) is increasingly identified as a potential cause of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology. This study aimed to detect HAdV in children with acute hepatitis or jaundice who tested negative for common bacterial and viral causes of hepatitis, including hepatitis viruses (A-E) and other bacterial pathogens, by serological and molecular assays.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted on pediatric patients (aged ≤14 years) with acute hepatitis or jaundice who tested negative for hepatitis A-E. HAdV was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, followed by Sanger sequencing for genotype identification. Biochemical markers of liver function were assessed to confirm hepatitis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 227 pediatric cases suspected of hepatitis/jaundice, 11 (4.85%) tested positive for HAdV using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Of the 11 sequences, four were identified as HAdV type 41 and seven as HAdV type 7. Elevated liver enzymes were observed in nine HAdV-positive cases, supporting a clinical diagnosis of hepatitis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights HAdV, particularly, types 7 and 41, as notable causative agents of hepatitis in children who tested negative for common hepatitis viruses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study from India to report HAdV as a potential etiological agent associated with hepatitis in a notable number of such cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli across low, middle and high-income countries highlights significant differences: insights for empiric treatment.","authors":"Meher Rizvi, Maria Khan, Amina Al-Jardani, Seif Salem Al-Abri, Ujjala Ghoshal, Zaaima Al Jabri, Mohammad Ahanjan, Azza Al Mamari, Nawal Al Shizawi, Hiba Sami, Abdullah Balkhair, Adila Shaukat, Alwarith Nasser Salem Alkharusi, Abdulrahman Almahrouqi, Afreenish Hassan, Ajay Kumar, Amal Saki Malehi, Amina Gul, Ashima Singh, Asma Said Hamed Al Shidhani, Areena Hoda Siddiqui, Aruna Poojary, Azza Al Rashdi, Bradley Langford, Dmytro Stepanskyi, Abbas Dolatabadi, Amal Al Maani, Aisha Al Mufarji, Elham Said Ahmed AlRisi, Garima Kapoor, Isabella Princess, Hawra J Al Lawati, Hatim Ali Eltahir, Hilal Al Sidairi, Katia Iskandar, Ken Masters, Ibrahim Khalaf Hamdan Al-Busaidi, Laila Al Yazidi, Mahfuza Nasrin, Mahmood Salim Al Subhi, Mallika Sengupta, Manisha Khandait, Nada Khalfan Al Tamtami, Nada Khafan Al Siyabi, Nawal Al Kindi, Nazla Musthafa Luthfee, Neha Shreshtha, Nihal Mohamed Amur Al Riyami, Noora Hilal Ali Al Busaidi, Nupur Goel, Oksana Ishchenko, Omnia Mohamed Elnabawy Ahmed Taher, Pragnya Paramita Jena, Rajni Ekadashi, Razan Al Zadjali, Reba Kanungo, Sara Abolghasemi, Salima Al Maqbali, Sayantan Banerjee, Shadma Yaqoob, Shahnaz Sali, Shafqat Husnain Khan, Shalini Malhotra, Stephen Hughes, Sundas Shaukat, Syed Mohammed Atif, Vrushali Vishwas Patwardhan, Victorien Dougnon, Wahid Khan, Walid Wali, Zakariya Al Muharrmi, Zeeshana Basit, Jasashree Choudhury, Rachita Pravalina, Keith H St John, Sanjeev Singh, Sarman Singh, Neelam Taneja, Raman Sardana, Abdul Ghafur, Pawan Kapoor, Rajeev Soman, Rashid Al Abri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>Escherichia coli</i> urinary tract infections (UTI) poses a global challenge. Evidence-based treatment of cystitis requires local resistance data. The DASH to Protect Antibiotics (https://dashuti.com/), a multi-regional group, supports centers in generating and sharing focused antibiograms to guide stewardship in community UTIs. This multi-country study aimed to describe antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community-acquired <i>E. coli</i> isolates in low, middle, and high-income countries (LMICs and HICs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in 37 representative centers across 13 countries in Asia (Middle East and Indian Subcontinent), Africa, Europe, and North America. A rigorous comparative analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>E. coli</i> isolated from cases of simple cystitis presenting in outpatient or emergency departments was carried out. The impact of gross domestic product, climate, and population density per km² on <i>E. coli</i> susceptibility profile was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and two-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antimicrobial susceptibility varied significantly between LMICs and HICs, with nitrofurantoin (89%) and fosfomycin (96%) emerging as empiric choices globally. Across most centers, susceptibility to other oral antimicrobials was low: co-trimoxazole <60%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid <70%, first-generation cephalosporins <50%, fluoroquinolones <60%. Injectable antibiotics fared better: piperacillin-tazobactam >70%, amikacin and meropenem >80%. Higher susceptibilities were noted in countries with high gross domestic product (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and humidity (<i>P</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Marked geographical differences in <i>E. coli</i> susceptibility patterns support the need for localized antibiograms and tailored empirical therapy. This study reinforces the utility of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin as first-line agents and discourages the use of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins.</p>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"100706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with currently available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Indian children.","authors":"Santosh Ramesh Taur, Ritika Rampal, Sripriya Sathyanarayanan, Faisal B Nahdi, Warisa Wannaadisai, Mark A Fletcher, Liping Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Four pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are available for infant immunization in India's private sector: a 13-valent (PCV13-PFE), two 10-valent (PCV10-GSK, PCV10-SII), and a 14-valent (PCV14-BE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the India label dosing for each, a decision-analytic Markov model was used to compare the health and economic impacts and cost-effectiveness of PCV13-PFE (3+1) vs PCV10-SII (3+0), PCV10-GSK (3+1), or PCV14-BE (3+0). Pneumococcal disease (PD) incidence, serotype distribution, costs, and utility inputs were derived from published studies and local evidence. Adjustment for the estimated direct vaccine effects following the specified dosing schedules was applied to PCV10-SII and PCV14-BE. A willingness-to-pay threshold of INR 590,949 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) was used to assess cost-effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCV13-PFE was estimated to prevent an additional 255,060, 40,336, and 247,750 total cases of PD compared to PCV10-SII, PCV10-GSK, and PCV14-BE, respectively, over 10 years. Compared to these alternative PCVs, PCV13-PFE was estimated to result in additional direct disease cost savings of INR 22.5 billion, INR 3.63 billion, and INR 21.9 billion from PD cases prevented. This yielded incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for PCV13-PFE vs PCV10-SII and PCV10-GSK of INR 18,142 and INR 304,234 per QALY, respectively, both below the willingness-to-pay threshold of INR 590,949. PCV13-PFE was cost-saving compared to PCV14-BE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From the private sector perspective, vaccinating children in India with PCV13-PFE could prevent more PD cases, save more PD-associated medical costs, and be more cost-effective than other locally available PCV options.</p>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"100707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic viral hepatitis B: evaluation of the care of patients monitored at the SMIT in Tivaouane, Sénégal","authors":"Agbogbenkou Tevi Dela Dem Lawson,&nbsp;Maimouna Sidibé,&nbsp;Daouda Thioub,&nbsp;Khadim Mbaye,&nbsp;Sylvie Audrey Diop","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Chronic hepatitis B is a liver-tropic disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) with hepatitis B surface antigen persisting beyond 6 months. According to a 2024 report by the Pasteur Institute, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection in Senegal is alarming, ranking among the highest in the world, between 10 and 17%. Senegal currently does not have a standardized algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B. Since 2017, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) has proposed a new classification of chronic hepatitis B and a surveillance scheme. The objective was to evaluate the management of patients with viral hepatitis B in rural areas according to the EASL criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective and prospective, descriptive study with analytical aim from March 15, 2022 to December 7, 2024, at the SMIT Mame Abdou Aziz Sy Dabakh hospital in Tivaouane. Included were patients with chronic hepatitis B who had benefited from an initial management assessment according to the criteria of the EASL. Data were captured using Kobocollect software, encoded, and analyzed using R software, V.4.4.0. Ethical considerations were respected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We collected 72 patients. The median age was 34 years (28-41), with a female predominance (56.9%). Housewives (34.7%) and teachers (16.7%) were the most represented. The notion of familial liver cancer (16.67%) was reported with 41.67% in the first degree as well as in the second degree. The discovery of HBV carriage was made during an assessment initiated by the practitioner (63.9%), prenatal assessment (19%), and during a blood donation (9.7%). Nine patients (12.51%) were symptomatic. The hepatitis B e-antigen dosage was negative in 69 patients (95.53%). The median alanine aminotransferase levels were 23.10 IU/l (16-32.25) and viral load 379.5 IU/ml (37-1562). Two hepatitis D virus/HBV co-infections were observed. Fibrosis (F0-F1) was found in 82.5% of cases, F2-F3 in 14.3%, and cirrhosis in 3.2%. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment was initiated in 10 patients (13.9%), according to the 2017 EASL guidelines. Ineligible patients (86.1%) were placed on surveillance, the rate and frequency of which depended on the initial phase. Among the patients lost to follow-up, 42 were under surveillance (67.64%) and four were under treatment (40%). Lack of treatment and high cost of care were the main reasons for exclusion from follow-up. In multivariate analysis, no factor was significantly associated with loss to follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the challenges of managing chronic viral hepatitis B in rural areas. The high cost of monitoring and the lack of treatment for the majority of patients contribute to loss of follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; a population-based study","authors":"Nawfal R. Hussein ,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Naqid ,&nbsp;Halder J. Abozait ,&nbsp;Nashwan MR Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Shakir A. Jamal ,&nbsp;Brisik H. Rashad ,&nbsp;Rijwan Azad Waisi ,&nbsp;Dalia Ayhan Naji ,&nbsp;Nadia Sulaiman Salih ,&nbsp;Iman Salah Hassan ,&nbsp;Parween Fadhil Ahmed ,&nbsp;Nidar Loqman Khwasty ,&nbsp;Marwa Faris Haji ,&nbsp;Alina Abo Issa ,&nbsp;Marwa Talib Abdulrazaq ,&nbsp;Merdeen Muhammed Rasheed Morad ,&nbsp;Zana Sidiq Mohammed Saleem ,&nbsp;Dildar H. Musa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, chronic HBV infection continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV infection in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 February 2025 in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, using a multistage random sampling method. Data were collected from 386 participants through structured face-to-face interviews and serological testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis B core immunoglobulin G antibody (HBcAb) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall HBV positivity rate (HBcAb-positive) was 8%, with 7% indicating past infection (HBcAb-positive, HBsAg-negative) and 1% indicating chronic infection (HBcAb-positive and HBsAg-positive). In the multivariate analysis, HBV positivity was significantly associated with older age (<em>P</em> = 0.001) and male gender (<em>P</em> = 0.026). The highest prevalence (32.1%) was observed among participants aged ≥ 60 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings demonstrate a moderate prevalence of past HBV infection and a relatively low rate of chronic carriers in Zakho city. Older age and male gender were significant predictors of HBV positivity. These results underscore the importance of continued public health efforts in HBV screening, early detection, and vaccination, particularly targeting older and at-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in Taiwan: a hospital-based surveillance study from 2022 to 2024","authors":"Ying-Ju Chen ,&nbsp;Tze-Kiong Er","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) remains a significant public health concern, associated with high morbidity, increased healthcare costs, and limited treatment options due to antimicrobial resistance. Monitoring MRSA trends is essential to support effective infection prevention and control strategies in healthcare settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study analyzed clinical specimens tested for <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> between January 2022 and December 2024 at a regional hospital in central Taiwan. Monthly and annual MRSA prevalence rates were calculated as the proportion of MRSA-positive isolates. A chi-square test of independence was used to assess the statistical significance of prevalence differences across years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1,824 <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolates were identified during the study period, including 287 MRSA cases in 2022 (48.9%), 281 in 2023 (42.3%), and 278 in 2024 (48.5%). The chi-square test revealed a statistically significant difference in annual MRSA prevalence (χ² = 6.94, <em>P</em> = 0.031), indicating a meaningful variation in resistance patterns across years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MRSA prevalence fluctuated over the 3-year period, with a temporary decline in 2023 followed by a rebound in 2024. These findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and adaptable infection control strategies to address evolving antimicrobial resistance in hospital environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seventy-year retained calcified Schistosoma japonicum ova incidentally found in a rectal cancer resection specimen","authors":"Emiri Muranaka ,&nbsp;Koya Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Makio Kawakami ,&nbsp;Ryota Hase","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}