IJID regions最新文献

{"title":"Long-lasting insecticidal nets, arboviral risks, and ecological vector shifts in refugee settings","authors":"Giancarlo Ceccarelli , Francesco Branda , Fabio Scarpa , Marta Giovanetti , Massimo Ciccozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidemia in the intensive care unit before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Suzan Şahin ,&nbsp;Elif Bombacı ,&nbsp;Bülent Kaya ,&nbsp;Serap Demir Tekol","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Increased incidences of candidemia have been reported among intensive care unit (ICU) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included adult patients diagnosed with candidemia in the ICU during two periods from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, that were separated by the in-country declaration of COVID-19. We evaluated the incidences of candidemia during two periods marked by transformation of an old tertiary hospital into a completely new and modern facility, which took place just before the emergence of the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, 3796 and 10,467 patients were admitted to the ICU, of whom 61 (1.6%, incidence 2.03 per 1000 ICU-days) and 62 (0.6%, incidence 0.66 per 1000 ICU-days) patients developed candidemia, respectively. The median time to candidemia detection was significantly longer in the COVID-19 period (34 vs 29 days, <em>P</em> = 0.022). During the pre-COVID-19 period, <em>Candida parapsilosis</em> (68.9% vs 37.1%) was the most predominant species, which was superseded during the COVID-19 period by <em>C. albicans</em> (35.5% vs 16.4%). Fluconazole resistance was significantly lower in the COVID-19 period (14.5% vs 31.1%, <em>P</em> = 0.027), with a lower resistance rate of <em>C. parapsilosis</em> (21.7% vs 38.1%). Of 3,094 (29.6%) patients with COVID-19, candidemia developed in nine patients ( 0.29%) as compared with 53 patients (0.72%) without COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite reports on increased incidences of candidemia among ICU patients during the COVID-19 period, lower incidences of candidemia found in the present study both during the COVID-19 period and among COVID-19 patients may be attributed to the complete transformation of our facility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary fungal iliopsoas abscess caused by Candida albicans: a rare clinical entity","authors":"Hazem Alouani ,&nbsp;Ghazi Lâamiri ,&nbsp;Manel Yaacoubi ,&nbsp;Jasser Rchidi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Bouassida ,&nbsp;Hassen Touinsi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Fungal iliopsoas abscesses are exceedingly rare and typically occur in immunocompromised individuals. <em>Candida albicans</em> is an uncommon pathogen in this location and may lead to delayed diagnosis due to its nonspecific clinical features. Groin extension of such abscesses is even more unusual.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We report a diabetic male patient with a large left iliopsoas abscess extending into the groin. Imaging showed a collection exceeding 10 cm. Initial empirical therapy included fluconazole. Combined surgical and percutaneous drainage was performed. Culture of the drained pus grew <em>C. albicans</em>, confirming a fungal iliopsoas abscess. The clinical outcome was favorable.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Fungal iliopsoas abscesses represent a rare subset of deep-seated fungal infections. Diabetes is an important predisposing factor. Diagnosis relies on imaging and microbiological confirmation. <em>C. albicans</em> is seldom isolated from iliopsoas collections, making this case noteworthy. Optimal management includes drainage and targeted antifungal therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>C. albicans</em> iliopsoas abscesses are rare and should be suspected in diabetic or non-responding patients. Early identification and tailored antifungal therapy are essential for successful outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine amid fragility: A case-control study from Eastern Sudan, 2024","authors":"Ahmad Izzoddeen ,&nbsp;Ali Abolgassim ,&nbsp;Wesam Yousif ,&nbsp;Emtiaz Atta Elhussein ,&nbsp;Eymanne ElBushra ,&nbsp;Dalya Eltayeb ,&nbsp;Muntasir M.O. Elhassan ,&nbsp;Hassan El-Bushra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cholera is a serious public health threat, especially in fragile conflict-affected areas. Reactive oral cholera vaccine (rOCV) during outbreaks is a key response strategy recommended by the World Health Organization. Sudan implemented a large-scale reactive campaign during 2024 cholera outbreak in Kassala State.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This unmatched case-control study was conducted between 6 and 26 October 2024 in Kassala locality, targeted by the national rOCV campaign using Euvichol-Plus. Data were collected through structured interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire, and analyzed in Epi Info 7 with logistic regression to estimate vaccine effectiveness and identify predictors of infection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age was significantly lower in cases (30.6 years, standard deviation = 20.8, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Cases had bigger households and multiple families per household (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Only 42.5% of cases used soap after defecation vs 97.5% of controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.018), while 57% used only water (OR = 52.9). Street food consumption (OR = 4.04), funeral exposure (OR = 13.3), and family history (OR = 124.4) were strong predictors. OCV reduced infection odds by 93% (adjusted OR = 0.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.037-0.13, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings reaffirm OCV effectiveness, but emphasize the need for sustainable investment in water sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), hygiene promotion, and risk communication in fragile settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in cancer surgeries: A single-center retrospective study from Oman","authors":"Bassem Awada ,&nbsp;Manal Al-Hatrushi ,&nbsp;Amal Abdallah ,&nbsp;Lamia Alnor ,&nbsp;Hasan Al-Sayegh ,&nbsp;Juma AlKasbi ,&nbsp;Amna Al-Hashar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is essential for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs), particularly in oncology patients. However, adherence to SAP guidelines globally remains inconsistent. This study evaluated adherence to SAP protocols at a tertiary oncology center and assessed associated factors with non-adherence and SSI outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review was conducted at Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer and Research Center (SQCCCRC) from August 2022 to July 2023. SAP prescriptions were evaluated for four criteria: antibiotic choice, weight-based dosing, re-dosing, and duration. Non-adherence to any of the four components considered non-adherent. Demographics, cancer type, surgical procedure, wound classification, procedure duration, SSIs, and microbiology results were extracted from patient records. We used bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression model to identify factors associated with non-adherence. The cumulative incidence of SSIs was also calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 261 surgeries reviewed, overall adherence to SAP protocols was 65%. Weight-based dosing adherence was highest (99.6%), while re-dosing adherence was lowest (80%). Univariate analyses showed non-adherence linked to higher patient weight (<em>P</em> = 0.041), male gender (<em>P</em> = 0.01), wound classification (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and longer surgery duration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), while breast surgery had better adherence (<em>P</em> = 0.0025). In the multivariable model, non-adherence was independently associated with gyne-oncology procedures (odds ratio [OR] = 7.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13-30.86; <em>P</em> = 0.002) and longer surgery duration (OR = 1.35 per hour, 95% CI = 1.16-1.58; <em>P</em> = 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of SSIs was 8.4%, comprising 52% organ-spaced, 33.3% deep SSI, and 14% superficial SSIs. Non-adherent cases were more likely to have SSI compared to adherent (15.7% vs 4.7%, <em>P</em> = 0.004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study found suboptimal overall adherence to SAP protocols, particularly in re-dosing practices. Targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions are warranted to address these gaps and minimize infection risk, especially in high-risk oncology populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of COVID-19 outbreak size in elderly residential facilities in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, April to June 2022","authors":"Yining S Xu ,&nbsp;Yusuke Shimakawa ,&nbsp;Gerardo Chowell ,&nbsp;Ryota Matsuyama ,&nbsp;Tetsuharu Nagamoto ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Omori ,&nbsp;Takashi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Toru Itokazu ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Takayama ,&nbsp;Kenji Mizumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>:</em> COVID-19 outbreaks in residential facilities for the elderly can have severe consequences; however, effective preventive strategies remain under-evaluated. This study aimed to identify actionable, facility-level factors associated with outbreak size in such facilities in Okinawa, Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>:</em> We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 78 residential facilities for the elderly that experienced confirmed COVID-19 outbreaks between April and June 2022. Facility-level data on infection-control practices, outbreak characteristics, and staff testing approaches were analyzed using negative binomial regression models to quantify factors associated with outbreak size.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>:</em> Outbreaks detected via contact-based testing of staff were significantly smaller than those detected through routine staff reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction screening (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.37). Resident mask-wearing was associated with smaller outbreak sizes (aRR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16-0.99). Routine screening identified only 16.7% of staff index cases despite being widely implemented, suggesting limitations in effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>:</em> Risk-based, exposure-driven testing appears markedly more effective than fixed-interval screening for limiting outbreak size in residential facilities for the elderly. Implementation should consider both operational feasibility and support systems for frontline staff.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement and systematic bias between QuantiFERON chemiluminescent immunoassay and QuantiFERON enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the detection of latent tuberculosis infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Felix Bongomin ,&nbsp;Ivaan Pitua ,&nbsp;Phillip Ssekamatte ,&nbsp;Diana Sitenda ,&nbsp;Irene Andia-Biraro ,&nbsp;Bwambale Jonani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Objectives: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)–based QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus ELISA) testing is associated with manual variability and indeterminate results. The transition from QFT-Plus ELISA to chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus CLIA) testing represents a significant methodological evolution that requires comprehensive evaluation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess method agreement, characterize systematic bias patterns, evaluate clinical concordance between DiaSorin's QFT-Plus CLIA and QIAGEN's (QFT-Plus ELISA) methodologies, and determine sources of heterogeneity across diverse populations for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) detection.</div><div>Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from January 2019 to January 2025 for studies comparing QFT-Plus CLIA and QFT-Plus ELISA methodologies for LTBI detection. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and assessed their quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. We conducted a meta-analysis of agreement measures using random-effects models, systematic bias characterization, meta-regression analysis of the sources of heterogeneity, and clinical subgroup analysis. Evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251031884).</div><div>Results: A total of 16 studies comprising 4169 participants were included. A meta-analysis of 10 studies (n = 2932) revealed a substantial overall concordance of 88.76% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.57-93.95). Among the seven studies with complete data to calculate positive and negative agreement measures (n = 1305), the pooled positive agreement was 91.3% (95% CI 88.95-93.65) and the negative agreement was 93.89% (95% CI 92.18-95.6). The comparative analysis revealed a mean discordance rate of 6.56% (range: 0.44-16.67%), with a weighted mean directional bias of +0.2% (showing minimal overall directional preference between platforms). Significant heterogeneity was observed (I² = 95.8%, <em>P</em> &lt;0.0001), and evidence certainty was rated “very low” due to methodological limitations.</div><div>Conclusions: Diasorin's QFT-Plus CLIA and QIAGEN's QFT-Plus ELISA demonstrated substantial overall agreement in detecting LTBI, with the strongest concordance for clearly positive and negative results. Laboratories implementing QFT-Plus CLIA platforms should consider verification studies, and future research should evaluate the clinical significance of discordant results and optimize interpretive algorithms for diverse epidemiologic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Immunogenicity and safety of Biological E’s CORBEVAX™ vaccine as a heterologous booster dose in adult volunteers previously vaccinated with two doses of either COVISHIELD™ or COVAXIN: A Prospective double-blind randomised phase III clinical study’ [IJID Regions, volume 17 (2025) 100786]","authors":"Subhash Thuluva ,&nbsp;Vikram Paradkar ,&nbsp;SubbaReddy Gunneri ,&nbsp;Vijay Yerroju ,&nbsp;Rammohan Reddy Mogulla ,&nbsp;Kamal Thammireddy ,&nbsp;Siddalingaiah Ningaiah ,&nbsp;Chirag Dhar ,&nbsp;Akshay Binayke ,&nbsp;Aymaan Zaheer ,&nbsp;Amit Awasthi ,&nbsp;Shiva Narang ,&nbsp;Naveen Chander Reddy ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Pandey ,&nbsp;Chitta Sitaram Anjaneylu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystic echinococcosis in patients with leukemia: Clinical challenges and review of reported cases","authors":"Karel Santamaria-Leandro ,&nbsp;Bruno Guerrero-Arismendiz ,&nbsp;César Castro-Prado ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo ,&nbsp;Wilmer Silva-Caso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) rarely coexists with hematologic malignancies. We report two Peruvian men with leukemia and CE.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>One patient had chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a hepatic CE2 cyst managed with albendazole and surgery before chemoimmunotherapy, and another patient had B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and prior hepatic and pulmonary CE treated with concurrent albendazole and induction chemotherapy. Both patients lived in endemic highland areas and had childhood exposure to dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>A literature review identified only a few cases, mostly acute myeloid leukemia, and none from Latin America.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These cases highlight therapeutic dilemmas in balancing infection control and malignancy treatment, underscoring the need for tailored management strategies in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria and encoding genes among Vietnamese children with acute diarrhea","authors":"Xuan Duong Tran ,&nbsp;Thi Loi Dao ,&nbsp;Ndiaw Goumballa ,&nbsp;Trong Kiem Tran ,&nbsp;Thanh Binh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Duy Cuong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Pierre Marty ,&nbsp;Philippe Gautret","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial carriage and resistance-encoding genes in children with acute diarrhea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective study was conducted from July 2020 to July 2021 in hospitalized children aged under 5 years. Stool samples were collected at hospital admission. MDR bacteria were identified by culture, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were assessed using the disk diffusion method, and resistance genes were investigated in isolates, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Colistin resistance genes were also tested from stool samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 451 children were included; 33.2% harbored at least one MDR bacteria and/or one colistin resistance genes. A total of 79 (17.6%) children were positive for at least one MDR pathogen by culture. A total of 100 isolates were identified, including 17 methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and 83 Enterobacteriaceae. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was the most common (11.8%), followed by <em>S. aureus</em> (3.8%) and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (2.7%). High resistance levels were observed in tested isolates: 94.8% to ceftriaxone, 77.1% to cefepime, 42.2% to piperacillin–tazobactam, and 19.3% to ertapenem. Among methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> isolates, 15 of 17 (88.2%) carried the <em>mecA</em> gene. Among Enterobacteriaceae, 73/83 (88.0%) carried <em>bla_CTX-M-A</em>, 49 (59.0%) had <em>bla_TEM</em>, 19 (22.9%) had <em>bla_SHV</em>, and six (7.2%) were positive for <em>bla_NDM</em>. In addition, 87 (19.3%) of 451 children carried at least one colistin resistance gene, with 10.9% of <em>mcr-1</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MDR bacterial carriage and resistance genes were frequently detected at hospital admission, reflecting community or previous health care–associated exposure rather than in-hospital antibiotic selection. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, rational antibiotic use, improved infection control, and enhanced diagnostic capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}