IJID regions最新文献

{"title":"Rare case of human Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection in Bangladesh","authors":"Tilak Chandra Nath ,&nbsp;Proloy Chakraborty Tusher ,&nbsp;Tarek Siddiki ,&nbsp;Jannatul Nyema ,&nbsp;Tiluttom Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Nilotpal Dey ,&nbsp;Mandira Mukutmoni ,&nbsp;Kazi Mehetazul Islam ,&nbsp;Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The zoonotic hookworm species <em>Ancylostoma ceylanicum</em> has drawn more attention recently because of its potential impact on public health. Although <em>A. duodenale</em> and <em>Necator americanus</em> are more common, <em>A. ceylanicum</em> is still known to play a major role in human infections, particularly in regions where close human-animal interactions are prevalent. While there has been a notable increase in documenting the presence of <em>A. ceylanicum</em> in the Asia-Pacific area, bottlenecks remains in understanding its epidemiology in Bangladesh. This report highlights the first documented case of <em>Ancylostoma ceylanicum</em> infection isolated and identified in a 15-year-old girl experiencing frequent diarrhea and weakness, residing in an urban tea garden area in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Microscopic examination of stool samples revealed the presence of hookworm eggs and subsequent culture led to the observation of larvae. Molecular investigation by amplifying Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1+) regions of the ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) confirmed the infection as <em>A. ceylanicum</em>. The identification of <em>Ancylostoma ceylanicum</em> in a human host in Bangladesh carries significant implications for global health. The careful measurement of eggs and larvae, coupled with molecular analysis, serves as an appropriate diagnostic strategy for confirming the infections. This finding emphasizes the emergence of <em>A. ceylanicum</em> as a zoonotic infection in endemic regions and calls for increased awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277270762400047X/pdfft?md5=d83bd7862fcde06c1130bf5b4eb70df5&pid=1-s2.0-S277270762400047X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection at the assessment of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate prescription: Baseline characteristics of a prospective cohort study in Vietnam","authors":"Tran Dieu Hien Pham ,&nbsp;Manh Hung Le ,&nbsp;Quang Duy Pham ,&nbsp;Khanh Lam Phung ,&nbsp;Minh Ngoc Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thi Bich Ngoc Ha ,&nbsp;Bach Khoa Dao ,&nbsp;Thanh Phuong Le ,&nbsp;Thanh Dung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Quoc Cuong Hoang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to determine epidemiological characteristics and serologic markers among chronically hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected pregnant women during the assessment of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) prescription in Vietnam.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We consecutively recruited 375 pregnant women with chronic HBV (cHBV) infection at week 25±2 of pregnancy, at which time they were assessed for TDF use as pre-prophylaxis and/or pre-treatment at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in southern Vietnam during December 2019-April 2021. Demographic characteristics, serological biomarkers, and prenatal liver ultrasounds were obtained through interviews and reviews of medical records.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median age of pregnant women was 29 years (interquartile range: 26-32). More than half of pregnant women (208/375; 55.5%) started TDF for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV and/or treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Among the pregnant women initiating TDF, 96.1% (198/206) tested positive for hepatitis B e antigen, and 21.6% (45/208) had quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) ≤10⁴ IU/mL. A relatively strong correlation between qHBsAg and HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (<em>r</em> = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.76-0.85) was observed in pregnant women starting TDF.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results demonstrate the high need for TDF prescription for prevention and/or treatment purposes in pregnant women with cHBV infection. Pregnant women with qHBsAg levels ≤10⁴ IU/mL may prioritize HBV DNA testing over qHBsAg to decide on TDF prescription.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000468/pdfft?md5=c65e6f0a6bf3e71f1ea9666fea4373c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000468-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of two commercial diagnostic methods for HHV-8 viral load assessment","authors":"Honorine Fenaux ,&nbsp;Lina Mouna ,&nbsp;Corinne Vieux-Combe ,&nbsp;Isabelle Thouard ,&nbsp;Philippe Colliot ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) can cause Kaposi's sarcoma or B lymphoproliferative disorders such as multicentric Castleman disease. Patient follow-up is based on assessing the HHV-8 viral load, which is usually achieved using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The HHV-8 Premix r-gene kit (BioMérieux) was used by some laboratories in the past, but BioMérieux ceased the production and distribution of this kit in 2021-2022. Other kits need to be tested so that they can be used for diagnostic purposes. Here we evaluated two commercial kits: HHV8 ELITe MGB Kit (ELITech) and Quanty HHV-8 (Clonit) and compared them with the HHV-8 Premix r-gene kit.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used whole blood samples that had previously been tested with the HHV-8 Premix r-gene kit for diagnostic purposes. Overall, 46 samples (37 HHV-8-positive and 9 HHV-8-negative) were tested with the ELITe MGB Kit and 37 (29 HHV-8-positive and 8 HHV-8-negative) with the Quanty HHV-8 kit. The different methods were compared using Bland-Altman and Passing-Bablok tests with Analyse-it software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Qualitative results were concordant except for one HHV-8 low-positive sample that was found to be negative by the ELITe MGB Kit. The quantitative results were also concordant; both kits showed mean differences of 0.58 log₁₀ copies/ml and 0.73 log₁₀ copies/ml, respectively, compared to the Premix r-gene kit.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both the methods tested produced acceptable results and could be used for diagnostic purposes. It should be remembered that there is no international standard for HHV-8 quantification and that patients should always be followed using the same method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000456/pdfft?md5=6201631651d13e973061c4c7101e9dc3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000456-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses after the first SARS-CoV-2 circulation in New Caledonia, Pacific region","authors":"Karl Huet ,&nbsp;Michael White ,&nbsp;Anne-Fleur Griffon ,&nbsp;Emma Bloch ,&nbsp;Elodie Magnat ,&nbsp;Gaelle Baudemont ,&nbsp;Catherine Inizan ,&nbsp;Pascale Domingue Mena ,&nbsp;Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses after the first circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in New Caledonia, Pacific region.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Blood samples were collected to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies. The sampling took place between July 2021 and July 2022 but was interrupted after the first circulation of SARS-CoV-2 (September 2021-March 2022) in New Caledonia. Data on ethnicity, age, gender, main residence, and anteriority of COVID-19 and vaccination were collected and analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 747 participants, representative of New Caledonia's adult population, were included in the study. We found that 81% of the population had antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 at the end of July 2022. The vaccination rate was 75%, whereas infections had affected 40% of the population. Individuals aged &gt;45 years were significantly more vaccinated than those aged 18-44 years (80%, 95% confidence interval 74-84%). Oceanians were the most infected (50%, 95% confidence interval 42-57%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In New Caledonia, we show a high immunity rate (81%) after the first waves of SARS-CoV-2 circulation and the vaccination campaign. The analyses showed spatial heterogeneities in the infection rate across the territory and revealed that Oceanians were the most infected. Our study also highlighted high exposure of New Caledonia's population to other human coronaviruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000444/pdfft?md5=67f907a0e9198ebb6484388f606e1e73&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000444-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends in serotypes distribution and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from humans in Taiwan, 2004-2022","authors":"Ying-Shu Liao ,&nbsp;Tsai-Ling Lauderdale ,&nbsp;Jui-Hsien Chang ,&nbsp;Shiu-Yun Liang ,&nbsp;Chi-Sen Tsao ,&nbsp;Hsiao Lun Wei ,&nbsp;You-Wun Wang ,&nbsp;Ru-Hsiou Teng ,&nbsp;Yu-Ping Hong ,&nbsp;Bo-Han Chen ,&nbsp;Chien-Shun Chiou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><em>Salmonella</em>, a zoonotic pathogen, significantly impacts global human health. Understanding its serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance is crucial for effective control measures and medical interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We collected <em>Salmonella</em> isolates and demographic data from Taiwanese hospitals between 2004 and 2022, analyzing their serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 40,595 isolates, salmonellosis predominated in children aged 0-4 (61.2%) years and among males (55.2%). Males also showed higher rates of extraintestinal infections (18.1% vs 16.0%, <em>P</em> &lt;0.001), particularly, in the ≥65 years age group (52.4%). The top five serovars were <em>S.</em> Enteritidis (32.8%), <em>S.</em> Typhimurium (21.7%), <em>S.</em> Newport (6.2%), <em>S.</em> Stanley (4.7%), and <em>S.</em> Anatum (4.0%). Notably, <em>S</em>. Enteritidis prevalence increased from 23.9% (2004-2005) to 43.6% (2021-2022). Antimicrobial resistance was high, with a 51.6% multidrug resistance (MDR) rate. Disturbingly, MDR rates exceeded 90% in serovars Albany, Schwarzengrund, Choleraesuis, and Goldcoast. Resistance to key therapeutic agents, azithromycin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, exhibited concerning upward trends, and the surge in cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistance was closely linked to the emergence and spread of MDR <em>S.</em> Anatum and <em>S.</em> Goldcoast clones.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Prioritizing control measures against <em>S</em>. Enteritidis and closely monitoring the prevalence and spread of MDR clones are imperative to mitigate <em>Salmonella</em> infections in Taiwan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000432/pdfft?md5=2122a611279035093580883d57ea169a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000432-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the cost due to resistance against antiretroviral therapies in individuals with HIV: Perspective of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Wali Ghassan ,&nbsp;Alraddadi Basem ,&nbsp;Albayat Hawra ,&nbsp;Alharbi Ahmad ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Ahmed Hasan Muaddi ,&nbsp;Asma Mestouri ,&nbsp;Rezk Elaraby ,&nbsp;James Mahon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The emergence of resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has an impact on the cost of HIV care. This study aimed to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with the first episode of drug resistance in individuals with HIV receiving first-line ART.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We developed a cost calculator to estimate the cost of drug resistance over a period of 12 months in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The model inputs (estimated using expert opinion and publicly available sources) included costs associated with testing for resistance, adverse events of a new regimen, and indirect costs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The direct and indirect medical expenses for the year resistance developed were 6980 Saudi Arabian riyal (SAR) and SAR 2862, respectively. The addition of the cost of new ARTs would increase the total annual costs (between SAR 5174 and SAR 34,265 per patient). One-way sensitivity analysis also reported significant impact of initial and switching therapies used after resistance develops on the total costs of resistance per year.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There is a significant cost burden associated with drug resistance, which emphasizes the need to select an appropriate initial ART regimen that has a strong genetic barrier and conduct pre-treatment resistance tests (if possible).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000420/pdfft?md5=3df1fe992fedadb63ef424e3431f8c6b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000420-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variations in antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli in India: Findings of a multicentric study highlighting the importance of local antibiograms","authors":"Meher Rizvi ,&nbsp;Shalini Malhotra ,&nbsp;Jyotsna Agarwal ,&nbsp;Areena H. Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Sheela Devi ,&nbsp;Aruna Poojary ,&nbsp;Bhaskar Thakuria ,&nbsp;Isabella Princess ,&nbsp;Hiba Sami ,&nbsp;Aarti Gupta ,&nbsp;Asfia Sultan ,&nbsp;Ashish Jitendranath ,&nbsp;Balvinder Mohan ,&nbsp;Gunjiganur Shankarappa Banashankari ,&nbsp;Fatima Khan ,&nbsp;Juri Bharat Kalita ,&nbsp;Mannu Jain ,&nbsp;Narendra Pal Singh ,&nbsp;Renu Gur ,&nbsp;Sarita Mohapatra ,&nbsp;David M. Livermore","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Evidence-based prescribing is essential to optimize patient outcomes in cystitis. This requires knowledge of local antibiotic resistance rates. Diagnostic and Antimicrobial Stewardship (DASH) to Protect Antibiotics (<span>https://dashuti.com/</span><svg><path></path></svg>) is a multicentric mentorship program guiding centers in preparing, analyzing and disseminating local antibiograms to promote antimicrobial stewardship in community urinary tract infection. Here, we mapped the susceptibility profile of <em>Escherichia coli</em> from 22 Indian centers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>These centers spanned 10 Indian states and three union territories. Antibiograms for urinary <em>E. coli</em> from the outpatient departments were collated. Standardization was achieved by regional online training; anomalies were resolved via consultation with study experts. Data were collated and analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nationally, fosfomycin, with 94% susceptibility (inter-center range 83-97%), and nitrofurantoin, with 85% susceptibility (61-97%), retained the widest activity. The susceptibility rates were lower for co-trimoxazole (49%), fluoroquinolones (31%), and oral cephalosporins (26%). The rates for third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins were 46% and 52%, respectively, with 54% (33-58%) extended-spectrum β-lactamase prevalence. Piperacillin-tazobactam (81%), amikacin (88%), and meropenem (88%) retained better activity; however, one center in Delhi recorded only 42% meropenem susceptibility. Susceptibility rates were mostly higher in South, West, and Northeast India; centers in the heavily populated Gangetic plains, across north and northwest India, had greater resistance. These findings highlight the importance of local antibiograms in guiding appropriate antimicrobial choices.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin are the preferred oral empirical choices for uncomplicated <em>E. coli</em> cystitis in India, although elevated resistance in some areas is concerning. Empiric use of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins is discouraged, whereas piperacillin/tazobactam and aminoglycosides remain carbapenem-sparing parenteral agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000419/pdfft?md5=d408d56255d5a172acaf3623fde4ea00&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000419-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm-producing and specific antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh","authors":"Rubaiya Binte Kabir ,&nbsp;Tasnim Ahsan ,&nbsp;Md. Faizur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mohammad Jobayer ,&nbsp;SM Shamsuzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Biofilms are responsible for persistent infections and antimicrobial resistance<em>. Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> was investigated with its ability to form biofilm by detecting genes responsible for producing biofilms and biofilm-specific antimicrobial resistance. The association between antibiotic resistance and biofilm was investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to December 2018. A total of 446 samples (infected burn, surgical wounds, and endotracheal aspirate) were collected from admitted patients of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh. <em>P. aeruginosa</em> was isolated and identified by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction. Biofilm production by tissue culture plate method followed by detection of biofilm-producing genes (<em>pqsA, pslA, pslD, pslH, pelA, lasR</em>) and biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes (<em>ndvB</em>, PA1874, PA1876, PA1877) by polymerase chain reaction were done. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method; for colistin agar dilution method of minimal inhibitory concentration was followed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 232 (52.02%) positive strains of <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, 24 (10.30%) produced biofilms in tissue culture plate. Among biofilm-producing genes, <em>pqsA</em> was the highest (79.17%). <em>pslA</em> and <em>pelA</em> were 70.83%<em>, pslD</em> 45.83%, <em>pslH</em> and <em>lasR</em> 37.5%. Among biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes, 16.67% were <em>ndvB</em>, and 8.33% were PA1874 and PA1877. Biofilm-forming strains were significantly resistant to colistin.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Detection of biofilm-forming genes may be a good tool for the evaluation of biofilm production, which will help in prompt and better management of chronic or device-associated infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000407/pdfft?md5=2047b17b95f79ae5bf420e32de614b78&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000407-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica bloodstream infections from Qatar","authors":"Wael Goravey ,&nbsp;Clement K.M. Tsui ,&nbsp;Gawahir A. Ali ,&nbsp;Mostafa Suhail Najim ,&nbsp;Khalid Shunnar ,&nbsp;Emad B. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Mazen A. Sid Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muna Al Maslamani ,&nbsp;Ali Sultan ,&nbsp;Sini Skariah ,&nbsp;Hamad Abdel Hadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Resistant <em>Salmonella</em> infections are a major global public health challenge particularly for multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates manifesting as bloodstream infections (BSIs).</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To evaluate clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing <em>Salmonella enterica</em> BSIs from Qatar.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Phenotypic ESBL <em>Salmonella enterica</em> from adult patients presenting with positive BSIs were collected between January 2019 to May 2020. Microbiological identification and characterization were performed using standard methods while genetic characteristics were examined through whole genome sequencing studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 151 episodes of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> BSI, 15 (10%) phenotypic ESBL isolates were collected. Recent travel was recorded in most cases (80%) with recent exposure to antimicrobials (27%). High-level resistance to quinolines, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins was recorded (80-100%) while meropenem, tigecycline and colistin demonstrated universal susceptibility. Genomic evaluation demonstrated dominance of serotype <em>Salmonella</em> Typhi sequence type 1 (93%) while antimicrobial resistance genes revealed dominance of aminoglycoside resistance (100%)<em>, qnr</em>S1 quinolones resistance (80%), <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-15 ESBLs (86.7%), and paucity of AmpC resistance genes (6.7%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Invasive MDR <em>Salmonella enterica</em> is mainly imported, connected to patients from high prevalent regions with recent travel and antimicrobial use caused by specific resistant clones. In suspected cases of multidrug resistance, carbapenem therapy is recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000390/pdfft?md5=4df17b4b6882595ba3e092f216dcf713&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000390-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the dynamics of COVID-19 in a Greenlandic cohort: Mild acute illness and moderate risk of long COVID","authors":"Mie Møller ,&nbsp;Trine Abelsen ,&nbsp;Anna Irene Vedel Sørensen ,&nbsp;Mikael Andersson ,&nbsp;Lennart Friis Hansen ,&nbsp;Christine Dilling-Hansen ,&nbsp;Nikolai Kirkby ,&nbsp;Peter Vedsted ,&nbsp;Kåre Mølbak ,&nbsp;Anders Koch","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to explore how the Greenlandic population experienced the course of both acute and long-term COVID-19. It was motivated by the unique epidemiologic situation in Greenland, with delayed community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 relative to the rest of the world.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a survey among 310 Greenlandic adults, we assessed the association between previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and overall health outcomes by administering three repeated questionnaires over 12 months after infection, with a response rate of 41% at the 12-month follow-up. The study included 128 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from January/February 2022 and 182 test-negative controls. Participants were recruited through personal approaches, phone calls, and social media platforms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 53.7% of 162 participants who were test-positive recovered within 4 weeks and 2.5% were hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2. The most common symptoms were fatigue and signs of mild upper respiratory tract infection. Less than 5% reported sick leave above 2 weeks after infection. Compared with participants who were test-negative, there was an increased risk of reporting fatigue (risk differences 25.4%, 95% confidence interval 8.8-44.0) and mental exhaustion (risk differences 23.4%, 95% confidence interval 4.8-42.2) up to 12 months after a positive test.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results indicate that during a period dominated by the Omicron variant, Greenlanders experienced a mild acute course of COVID-19, with quick recovery, minimizing the impact on sick leave. Long COVID may be present in Greenlanders, with symptoms persisting up to 12 months after infection. However, it is important to consider the small sample size and modest response rate as limitations when interpreting the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000377/pdfft?md5=cf1593aefabceb69006c24726cae0c1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}