IJID regions最新文献

{"title":"A case report of peritoneal dialysis–associated peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium mageritense","authors":"Kazuhiro Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Nozomi Kadota ,&nbsp;Masaaki Nakayama ,&nbsp;Nobuyoshi Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-tuberculous mycobacteria can result in peritoneal dialysis (PD)–associated peritonitis and PD catheter–related infections, including tunnel and exit site infection. We report the case of a 78-year-old male patient undergoing PD for end-stage renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy, with a medical history that includes PD catheter–related infections. He developed <em>Mycobacgerium mageritense</em> peritonitis secondary to a PD catheter–related infection. <em>M. mageritense</em> grew on blood agar, and its identification was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF/MS) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Based on susceptibility testing, treatment was initiated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (80 mg/400 mg) 5 mg/kg every 24 hours in combination with minocycline 100 mg every 12 hours, which was subsequently changed to TMP/SMX plus faropenem 200 mg every 8 hours due to nausea caused by minocycline. However, the antimicrobial therapy proved to be ineffective, and the patient subsequently developed complicated PD-associated peritonitis, leading to the removal of the PD catheter. We switched to TMP/SMX, imipenem/cilastatin 500 mg every 12 hours, and used linezolid 600 mg every 12 hours, which was later replaced with amikacin, guided by therapeutic drug monitoring. Subsequent complications related to antimicrobial therapy included nausea caused by linezolid and hearing impairment due to amikacin. We treated the patient with TMP/SMX and sitafloxacin 100 mg every 24 hours, which was well-tolerated. The patient was treated for 18 months without a relapse. Our findings underscore the importance of suspecting non-tuberculous mycobacteria in PD catheter–related infection and considering the early inclusion of acid-fast bacillus culture. Given the diagnostic challenges and the complexity of managing multi-drug antimicrobial therapy in patients with renal dysfunction, we recommend early catheter removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-tuberculosis drug–induced hepatotoxicity and associated risk factors among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand","authors":"Sarita Mukura,&nbsp;Parinya Ruenwilai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>First-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) medications are effective for drug-susceptible TB but are commonly associated with hepatotoxicity, which can compromise treatment adherence and contribute to drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the frequency of anti-TB drug–induced hepatotoxicity and identify associated risk factors among patients at Chiang Mai University Hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB receiving standard treatment. Liver function tests were monitored biweekly during the first 2 months to detect hepatotoxicity. The risk factors evaluated included body mass index (BMI), age, alcohol use, N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) acetylator status, and concomitant statin use. Adverse drug reactions were assessed by physicians using severity grading. Binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent predictors of hepatotoxicity. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and <em>P</em>-values were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of hepatotoxicity was 41.97%. The multivariate analysis showed significant associations between hepatotoxicity and the following: age &gt;70 years (OR = 41.72, <em>P</em> = 0.001), underweight BMI (OR = 56.48, <em>P</em> = 0.001), current alcohol use (OR = 10.95, <em>P</em> = 0.001), and slow NAT2 acetylator status (OR = 78.18, <em>P</em> = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Hepatotoxicity is a common complication of TB treatment. Older age, low BMI, alcohol use, slow NAT2 genotype, and statin co-administration significantly increase risk. Targeted monitoring and consideration of NAT2 genotyping in high-risk patients may help prevent treatment interruptions and improve clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to comments on ‘Tuberculosis Outcomes among International Migrants in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’","authors":"Sergio Cotugno ,&nbsp;Giacomo Guido ,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese ,&nbsp;Annalisa Saracino ,&nbsp;Francesco Di Gennaro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100655","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends and public health implications of dengue in Guatemala: A decade of challenges and emerging threats (2013–2024)","authors":"Silvia Patricia Zuniga Veliz ,&nbsp;Leticia del Carmen Castillo Signor ,&nbsp;Nancy Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Joxua Araque ,&nbsp;Francisco Hernández ,&nbsp;Jorge Ramos ,&nbsp;Nevis Nuñez ,&nbsp;Francisca Vasquez ,&nbsp;Alejandra Barrientos ,&nbsp;Edson Jose Adrian Bolanos Lima ,&nbsp;Edgar Santos Tejeda ,&nbsp;Mayra Lissette Motta Padilla ,&nbsp;Anoop Ambikan ,&nbsp;Ujjwal Neogi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dengue, a rapidly spreading arboviral disease transmitted by <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes, poses a persistent public health challenge in Guatemala. Rising temperatures increased economic activity, and low population density contribute to the country’s dengue burden, with outbreaks peaking during the rainy season.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify a temporal trend of the dengue epidemic in Guatemala over a decade (2013–2024).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected month- and year-wise dengue case data from 29 provinces between 2013 and October 15, 2024 from the Guatemala’s Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance database. Additional age-stratified data for individuals under 18 years of age were extracted from the national dengue surveillance databases maintained by the Ministry of Public Health of Guatemala for 2019, 2023 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The dengue cases increased significantly from 9357 in 2013 to 117,942 by October 15, 2024, with a notable rise in severe cases and associated mortality. Spatial dynamics also shifted, with the epicenter moving from Huehuetenango in 2019 to central Guatemala in 2024. Children aged 5–9 years were disproportionately affected, with hospitalization rates and case fatalities increasing significantly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings underscore a critical public health crisis, necessitating enhanced surveillance and year-round vector control to mitigate the growing dengue threat in Guatemala.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis preventive treatment in India: Is budget allocation for tuberculosis elimination sufficient?","authors":"Sarman Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of health facilities and schools in onchocerciasis elimination efforts","authors":"Okubalidet Manna ,&nbsp;Rogers Nditanchou ,&nbsp;Joseph Siewe Fodjo ,&nbsp;Robert Colebunders","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Onchocerciasis, a neglected tropical disease, continues to affect millions in low- to middle-income countries, despite evidence of successful elimination efforts in some regions. The persistence of the disease is mainly due to suboptimal implementation of community-directed treatment with ivermectin programs, a critical component for achieving elimination. To address this issue, we propose increasing ivermectin coverage through health facilities to reach individuals who missed ivermectin during community-directed treatment with ivermectin campaigns. In addition, expanding ivermectin distribution through schools could further improve coverage among children. Health facilities could also play a key role in rapidly detecting onchocerciasis cases and identifying disease resurgence in areas where <em>Onchocerca volvulus</em> transmission has been eliminated. Moreover, health facilities and schools could serve as platforms for health education. Adapting these strategies to local contexts could strengthen the sustainability and impact of national elimination programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 secondary attack rates and risks for transmission among agricultural workers and their households in Guatemala, 2022-2023","authors":"Joseph Daniel Carreon ,&nbsp;Molly M. Lamb ,&nbsp;Anna N. Chard ,&nbsp;Diva M. Calvimontes ,&nbsp;Chelsea Iwamoto ,&nbsp;Neudy Rojop ,&nbsp;Jose Monzon ,&nbsp;Ian D. Plumb ,&nbsp;Edgar Barrios ,&nbsp;Julio del Cid-Villatoro ,&nbsp;Kareen Arias ,&nbsp;Melissa Gomez ,&nbsp;Claudia Maribel Paiz Reyes ,&nbsp;Maria Renee Lopez ,&nbsp;May Chu ,&nbsp;Beatriz Lopez ,&nbsp;Bradley S. Barrett ,&nbsp;Kejun Guo ,&nbsp;Mario Santiago ,&nbsp;Guillermo Antonio Bolanos ,&nbsp;Daniel Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>It is unclear whether agricultural workers working during epidemics frequently introduce respiratory infections into their homes and trigger secondary transmission. We evaluate secondary attack rates (SAR) and transmission risk in households of agricultural workers in Guatemala during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Households of participants in a workplace surveillance cohort were enrolled from September 2021 to August 2023. All participants reported symptoms twice weekly and provided saliva weekly for SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing. Upon SARS-CoV-2 detection, participants submitted saliva three times per week for 4 weeks. We calculated SARs, and we estimated the risk of transmission to household contacts adjusting for demographic factors, COVID-19 vaccination status, seropositivity, and significant covariates (p ≤ 0.05) in univariable analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 83 households with 376 individuals, 48 (58%) had at least one SARS-CoV-2 infection (120 SARS-CoV-2 infections, 0.6 per 100 person-weeks), resulting in 64 secondary (SAR = 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-0.43) and eight tertiary infections (tertiary attack rate = 0.07, 95% CI 0.03-0.13). The risk of secondary transmission increased by 112% among household contacts whose index cases were positive for ≥11 days (risk ratio: 2.12, 95% CI 1.29-3.49) but did not increase for those whose index case was positive for 6-10 days (risk ratio: 1.40, 95% CI 0.77-2.57) compared to those with index cases positive for ≤5 days.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>More than half of agricultural households became infected with SARS-CoV-2 and approximately two-thirds of these had secondary chains of transmission, especially when index cases shed SARS-CoV-2 longer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity of Staphylococcal protein A (spa) genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Duhok City, Northern Iraq","authors":"Narin A. Rasheed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> remains a persistent health issue in both hospitals and the community. Producing diversity of virulence factors enabled the microorganism to cause a range of infections such as Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA); an anti-phagocytic protein, is encoded by <em>spa</em> gene and mostly present in methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA). This study aimed to genotype <em>spa</em> gene diversity in MRSA isolates from Duhok City, Iraq.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 114 frozen isolates were previously collected from students in the host community and Syrian refugees in Duhok. Genotyping of these strains was conducted by using a polymerase chain reaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the most common band amplicon numbers in the host community, were one and two, 47.14% and 44.29%, respectively. However, compared to the host community (5.71%), the prevalence of <em>spa</em> bands with three bands was higher in Syrian refugee isolates (18.18%) (<em>P</em>-value = 0.05). A statistically significant correlation was found between both study groups regarding the amplicon size (<em>P</em>-value = 0.04). The highest number of isolates (47 and 24) in both study groups expressed bands with amplicon sizes of 1150 base pair (bp)-1200 bp, then followed by 1250 bp-1300 bp; (27 and 25), respectively. In contrast, MRSA isolates from refuges isolates showed no bands for amplicon size 1350-1400, while seven isolates from the host community were typable for the aforementioned amplicon size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The heterogeneity in prevalent band numbers and amplicon size highlight that the MRSA strains in both study groups are addressed to genetic diversity that can be used for epidemiological purposes and clinical diagnosis. Thus, further genetic studies are required to study this diversity in the region such as multilocus sequence typing and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implementing antimicrobial stewardship program at tertiary care facilities in India","authors":"Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ,&nbsp;Dhanajayan Govindan ,&nbsp;Monica Karunakaran ,&nbsp;Muneera Parveen ,&nbsp;Anaswara Manohar ,&nbsp;Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review was performed to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in Indian tertiary care facilities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Epistemonikos, and ScienceDirect up to July 2024. Data on antimicrobial consumption, resistance patterns, patient outcomes, and economic evaluations were extracted using standardized form. This review included 29 studies from various Indian states, and, due to heterogeneity in study type, narrative synthesis was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ASP interventions—such as guideline implementation, antibiotic prescription audits with feedback, and clinician education—were associated with significant reductions in overall antibiotic use (up to 32% reduction in neonatal intensive care units) and improvements in resistance patterns (decrease in methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus rates). Patient-related outcomes, including reduced length of hospital stay and lower rates of health care–associated infections, were observed, although changes in mortality were variable. Economic analyses demonstrated substantial cost savings and favorable cost-effectiveness profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ASPs in Indian tertiary care settings are clinically effective and economically viable, reducing antimicrobial misuse, curbing resistance, and improving patient outcomes, while lowering health care costs. Further research using standardized metrics and extending to other health care levels is needed to optimize and sustain ASP benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reappearance of Chikungunya virus in Bangladesh, 2024","authors":"Md. Abdullah Omar Nasif ,&nbsp;Najmul Haider ,&nbsp;Immamul Muntasir ,&nbsp;Md. Omar Qayum ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nayeem Hasan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rashedul Hassan ,&nbsp;Manjur Hossain Khan ,&nbsp;Sharmin Sultana ,&nbsp;Jannatul Ferdous ,&nbsp;Kyaw Thowai Prue Prince ,&nbsp;Mithun Rudra ,&nbsp;Mahbubur Rahman ,&nbsp;Ahmed Nawsher Alam ,&nbsp;Tahmina Shirin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated a new outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Dhaka and nearby areas of Bangladesh in 2024, examining its epidemiology, clinical features, and genomic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research enrolled suspected Chikungunya cases from October 19 to December 31, 2024. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed, and positive cases were followed up via telephone between days 21 and 28. The E1 gene of 12 samples was sequenced.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 394 enrolled patients, 138 (35%) were CHIKV-positive, mostly male (64.5%) and over 30 years old (83.3%), with 98.6% residing in Dhaka. Common symptoms included fever (100%), arthralgia (97.8%), myalgia (83.2%), and headache (65.0%). While no fatalities were recorded, 14.5% required hospitalization with an average stay of 5.9 days, and patients lost an average of 10.5 workdays. At 28 days, 81% of 58 follow-up patients had persistent symptoms. Both hospitalization and persistent symptoms were associated with having &gt;4 symptoms initially (incidence risk ratio: 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.27 and 1.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.39, respectively). Sequence analysis identified an E1-K211E substitution, with phylogenetics revealing a distinct East-Central-South-African (ECSA) sub-lineage compared to 2017 strains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CHIKV is likely to re-emerge in Bangladesh amid the ongoing dengue outbreak, posing a risk of a major outbreak soon. Strengthening efforts to control <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}