IJID regions最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, clinical presentation, and clindamycin resistance rates of Streptococcus pyogenes infections","authors":"Daniel N. Marco ,&nbsp;José Canela ,&nbsp;Maria Brey ,&nbsp;Alex Soriano ,&nbsp;Cristina Pitart ,&nbsp;Sabina Herrera","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> (group A <em>Streptococcus</em> [GAS]) is a prevalent cause of community-acquired bacterial infections, with invasive GAS (iGAS) infections presenting severe morbimortality. Clindamycin is generally used based on its antitoxin effect. This study investigates changes in iGAS incidence, clinical presentation, outcomes, and clindamycin resistance in an adult cohort.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a retrospective analysis of <em>S. pyogenes</em> episodes from a tertiary adult hospital in Barcelona (Spain) between 2015 and 2023. The pre-pandemic period includes data from 2015-2019. The pandemic period, from 2020-2021, and post-pandemic period comprised 2022 to the first semester of 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The global incidence of GAS infections in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods were 2.62 and 2.92 cases per 10.000 hospital admissions, whereas for iGAS cases, they were 1.85 and 2.34. However, a transient decrease was observed during the pandemic period: 1.07 and 0.78 per 10.000 hospital admissions. There was a significant decrease in GAS and iGAS infections during the pandemic period compared with the pre-pandemic incidence (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001 for GAS infections and <em>P</em> = 0.001 for iGAS cases) and the post-pandemic incidence (<em>P</em> = 0.032 for GAS infections and <em>P</em> = 0.037 for iGAS cases). The most common source of infection was skin and soft tissue infections with 264 (54%) cases. Skin and soft tissue infections and cases of necrotizing fasciitis increased during the pandemic. Clindamycin resistance occurred in 13.5% of isolations during the pre-pandemic and 17.5% in post-pandemic period (<em>P</em> = 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study revealed a temporary reduction in iGAS infections, followed by resurgence in the post-pandemic period. The observed rise in clindamycin resistance emphasizes the importance of monitoring local resistance patterns for tailored treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000195/pdfft?md5=38a10c5bf19deb5afb683a67e1a225f7&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic features of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants and their association with the clinical severity of COVID-19 in Vietnam","authors":"Le Van Nam ,&nbsp;Trinh Cong Dien ,&nbsp;Le Van Nguyen Bang ,&nbsp;Pham Ngoc Thach ,&nbsp;Le Van Duyet","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We investigated the genetic variations in the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 and their association with clinical status and treatment outcomes in patients with COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>MiSeq was used to sequence the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron genomes, and MEGA 6.6 was used to define the nucleotide variations. We determined the association between clinical severity and treatment outcomes for the SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The BA.1.1 and BA.2 lineages of the Omicron variant had 57-59 mutations, which is 2-2.7-fold higher than that of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.617.2, and AY.57 (Delta) lineages. We found distinct mutations in SARS-CoV-2: five in Alpha (C26305T, G26558T, G7042T, C14120T, and C27509T); seven in Delta (C26408T, C1403T, C5184T, C9891T, T11418C, C11514T, and C22227T); and three in Omicron (C26408T, C8991T, and C25810T). Patients with the Delta variant had a severe rate of 23.8%, a critical rate of 53.7%, and a mortality rate of 38.9%, which were significantly higher than those with the Omicron and Alpha variants.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants in this study had genetic diversity and differed from the strains reported in other countries, with the Delta variant producing significantly more clinical severity and mortality than the Alpha and Omicron variants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000183/pdfft?md5=91ea198a18b3d04c051e89bce6e47f7d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Haiti from 2018 to 2019: A competing risk analysis","authors":"Nernst-Atwood Raphael ,&nbsp;Pierre Anthony Garraud ,&nbsp;Maroussia Roelens ,&nbsp;Jean Patrick Alfred ,&nbsp;Milo Richard ,&nbsp;Janne Estill ,&nbsp;Olivia Keiser ,&nbsp;Aziza Merzouki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study assesses tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes in Haiti.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from drug-susceptible patients with TB (2018-2019) were analyzed using the Fine &amp; Gray model with multiple imputation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 16,545 patients, 14.7% had concurrent HIV coinfection, with a 66.2% success rate. The median treatment duration was 5 months, with patients averaging 30 years (with an interquartile range of 22-42 years). The estimated hazard of achieving a successful treatment outcome decreased by 2.5% and 8.1% for patients aged 45 and 60 years, respectively, compared with patients aged 30 years. Male patients had a 6.5% lower estimated hazard of success than their female counterparts. In addition, patients coinfected with HIV experienced a 35.3% reduction in the estimated hazard of achieving a successful treatment outcome compared with those with a negative HIV serologic status.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Integrated health care approaches should be implemented, incorporating innovative solutions, such as machine learning algorithms combined with geographic information systems and non-conventional data sources (including social media), to identify TB hotspots and high-burden households.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000201/pdfft?md5=9aca51ae6f0f4bed7eda115b5dc942f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000201-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study investigating severe community-acquired febrile illness through implementation of an innovative microbiological and nucleic acid amplification testing strategy in Timor-Leste (ISIN-MANAS-TL)","authors":"Deolindo Ximenes ,&nbsp;Gustodio de Jesus ,&nbsp;Antonio SCFC de Sousa ,&nbsp;Caetano Soares ,&nbsp;Luciana C. Amaral ,&nbsp;Tessa Oakley ,&nbsp;Lucsendar Alves ,&nbsp;Salvador Amaral ,&nbsp;Nevio Sarmento ,&nbsp;Helio Guterres ,&nbsp;José António de Deus Cabral ,&nbsp;Flavio Boavida ,&nbsp;Jennifer Yan ,&nbsp;Joshua R. Francis ,&nbsp;Nelson Martins ,&nbsp;Paul Arkell","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Acute febrile illness (AFI) causes significant health-seeking, morbidity, and mortality in Southeast Asia. This pilot study aimed to describe presentation, etiology, treatment, and outcomes of patients with AFI at one hospital in Timor-Leste and assessing the feasibility of conducting larger studies in this setting.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients attending Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares with tympanic or axillary temperature ≥37.5°C in whom a blood culture was taken as part of routine clinical care were eligible. Participants were followed up daily for 10 days and again after 30 days. Whole blood was analyzed using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay detecting dengue virus serotypes 1-4 and other arthropod-borne infections.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 82 participants were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction testing was positive for dengue in 14 of 82 (17.1%) participants and blood culture identified a bacterial pathogen in three of 82 (3.7%) participants. Follow-up was completed by 75 of 82 (91.5%) participants. High rates of hospital admission (58 of 82, 70.7%), broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment (34 of 82, 41.5%), and mortality (9 of 82, 11.0%) were observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patients with AFI experience poor clinical outcomes. Prospective observational and interventional studies assessing interventions, such as enhanced diagnostic testing, clinical decision support tools, or antimicrobial stewardship interventions, are required and would be feasible to conduct in this setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000158/pdfft?md5=8b117262801fdfa5cbca2abdf2223927&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of therapeutic advances in HIV-related mortality in the United States","authors":"Monique A Prince ,&nbsp;Min-Choon Tan ,&nbsp;Min-Xuan Tan ,&nbsp;Haydy George ,&nbsp;E'ebony O Prince ,&nbsp;Rick M Nicholas ,&nbsp;Hamid Shaaban ,&nbsp;Jihad Slim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Mortality from HIV has significantly declined with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This study sought to examine the longitudinal trends in mortality from HIV-related diseases by race, sex, geographical region, and over time as HAART trends changed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We queried the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database and performed serial cross‐sectional analyses of national death certificate data for all-cause mortality with comorbid HIV from 1999 to 2020. HIV diseases (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes B20-B24, O98.7, R75) were listed as the contributing cause of death. We calculated the age-adjusted mortality ratio (AAMR) per 1,000,000 individuals and determined mortality trends using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, race, region, and organ system. The study period was further stratified into three groups when specific drug regimens were more prevalent.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the 22-year study period, 251,759 all-cause mortalities with comorbid HIV were identified. The leading cause of death was infectious disease (84.0%, N = 211,438). Men recorded a higher AAMR than women (4.66 vs 1.65, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). African American individuals had the highest AAMR (13.46) compared to White, American Indian, and Asian individuals (1.70 vs 1.65 vs 0.47). The South region had the highest AAMR (4.32) and urban areas had a higher AAMR compared to rural areas (1.77 vs 0.88).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>More than 80% of deaths occurred because of infectious disease over the last 2 decades with a decreasing trend over time when stratified by race, sex, and geographical region. Despite advances in HAART, mortality disparities persist which emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in these populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000171/pdfft?md5=e944bc2c8ecd628599e2205fbfadb7e5&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000171-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first case of human invasion by Clinostomum complanatum in the European part of Russia","authors":"Larisa Ermakova ,&nbsp;Sergey Kozlov ,&nbsp;Sergey Nagorny ,&nbsp;Natalia Golovchenko ,&nbsp;Victoria Telicheva ,&nbsp;Julia Kiosova ,&nbsp;Marina Zotova ,&nbsp;Natalia Pshenichnaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article presents a rare case of human invasion by the trematode <em>Clinostomum complanatum</em> in the European part of Russia. The diagnosis was established based on a parasitological study of flukes removed from the tonsils and pharynx of a 42-year-old woman, a resident of the Tambov region of Russia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277270762400016X/pdfft?md5=42aab472a0cd67782a5766e1d8d1905d&pid=1-s2.0-S277270762400016X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of prolonged otitis media with effusion among 2 to 3 years old Cameroonian children in the era of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines","authors":"John Njuma Libwea ,&nbsp;Viviane Armelle Ngomba ,&nbsp;Nadesh Ashukem Taku ,&nbsp;Chanceline Bilounga Ndongo ,&nbsp;Bernadette Dorine Ngono Noah ,&nbsp;Ninying Fointama ,&nbsp;Marie Kobela ,&nbsp;Heini Huhtala ,&nbsp;Emilienne Epee ,&nbsp;Sinata Koulla-Shiro ,&nbsp;Paul Koki Ndombo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>There is data scarcity on the overall effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on otitis media (OM) in low- and middle-income countries. The impact of the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) program on OM was evaluated in Cameroon where infant vaccination was implemented in July 2011 using a 3-dose primary series at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Through community-based surveillance, we used a retrospective cohort study design to assess OM prevalence among PCV13-vaccinated children aged 24 to 36 months in 2015. This was compared with a 2013 age-matched cohort of PCV13-unvaccinated children. OM was diagnosed by clinical inspection for chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) and tympanometry for OM with effusion (OME). CSOM was defined as draining of the middle ear with duration of more than 2 weeks and prolonged OME was defined as a flat ‘type B’ tympanogram. PCV13-vaccinated and PCV13-unvaccinated cohorts were compared by calculating prevalence odds ratios for OM and baseline characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Altogether, 111 OM cases were identified; 42/433 (9.7%) in the PCV13-unvaccinated in 2013 and 69/413 (16.7%) in the PCV13-vaccinated cohort in 2015. In the 2013 baseline survey, 3/433 (0.7%) children were identified with unilateral CSOM compared to 9/413 (2.2%) in the PCV13-vaccinated cohort in 2015. Bilateral prolonged OME was diagnosed in 7/433 (1.6%) PCV13-unvaccinated children and in 12/413 (2.9%) in PCV13-vaccinated children. Proportions of children with unilateral prolonged OME were 31/433 (7.2%) in the PCV13-unvaccinated group compared with 48/413 (11.6%) in the PCV13-vaccinated group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed evidence that PCV13-vaccinated children in 2015 had 40% less risk of contracting OM compared to PCV13-unvaccinated children in 2013 (adjusted prevalence odds ratios = 0.60 [95% confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.94], <em>P</em> = 0.025). Additionally, attributable proportion estimates show that, 58% of OM infections among the PCV13-vaccinated group would still have occurred despite PCV13 vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings provide significant evidence on the effect of PCV13 in decreasing OM or OME among children in this age group. It also supports justification for government's continuation of PCV13 immunization program in the absence of GAVI's funding. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of the PCV13 program on in OM Cameroon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707623001169/pdfft?md5=63b80fdac916e2ed8f53674018bb9d43&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707623001169-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135764390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustaining HIV Care and Treatment Services During Marburg Disease Outbreaks: Lessons learnt from Tanzania.","authors":"Aidat Mugula, Aaron Nkini, Patrick Mwanahapa, Betty Augustino, Stephen Kazimir, Halima Masare, Shafii Mgenzi, Michael Kasmiri, Emmanuel Mnkeni, Calvin Sindato, Missana Yango, George Mrema, Kuduishe Kisowile, Wilhellmuss I Mauka, Paschal Muhode, Bandiot Gavyole, Mary T Mayige, P. Horumpende, M. Mahande, Emanuel Sarakikya, Lameck Machumi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100362","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis delta virus infection in Turkey: A meta-analysis of prevalence","authors":"Mehlika Toy ,&nbsp;Begüm Güler ,&nbsp;Kayra Somay ,&nbsp;Genco Gençdal ,&nbsp;Cihan Yurdaydin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection has been granted orphan disease status by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency owing to its rarity and relatively limited research and treatment options. Turkey is considered an endemic country for the virus. We aimed to provide a current and updated country- and region-specific HDV infection prevalence.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this meta-analysis, we searched databases, including MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, and UlakBim (Turkish Medical Index) published between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2022. We included blood donor studies, outpatient clinic studies that comprised patients without cirrhosis, and inpatient clinical studies that comprised patients with cirrhosis. Turkey was divided into three regions: West, Central, and East Turkey.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After a systematic assessment, 41 studies were included. Using a random-effects model, the estimated HDV prevalence among hepatitis B surface antigen–positive blood donors, outpatient clinic, and inpatient clinic patients were 3.37% (confidence interval [CI] 1.99-6.11), 5.05% (CI 4.00-6.23), and 29.06% (CI 10.45-51.79), respectively. The HDV prevalence among outpatient clinic patients in Western, Central, and Eastern regions were 3.38% (CI 2.47-4.44), 2.15% (CI 1.37-3.09), and 9.81% (CI 6.61-13.55), respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>East Turkey continues to have a high burden of HDV. Public health efforts, such as screening, should be targeted accordingly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000134/pdfft?md5=09a3a30c997fa54e518d1436ab90780d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Previous SARS-CoV-2 infections and their impact on the protection from reinfection during the Omicron BA.5 wave – a nested case-control study among vaccinated adults in Sweden","authors":"Fredrik Kahn ,&nbsp;Carl Bonander ,&nbsp;Mahnaz Moghaddassi ,&nbsp;Claus Bohn Christiansen ,&nbsp;Louise Bennet ,&nbsp;Ulf Malmqvist ,&nbsp;Malin Inghammar ,&nbsp;Jonas Björk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We evaluated the protection afforded by SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity against reinfection among working-age vaccinated individuals during a calendar period from June to December 2022 when Omicron BA.5 was the dominating subvariant in Scania County, Sweden.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study cohort (n = 71,592) mainly consisted of health care workers. We analyzed 4144 infected cases during the Omicron BA.5 dominance and 41,440 sex- and age-matched controls with conditional logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The average protection against reinfection was marginal (16%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7-23%) during the study period but substantially higher for recent infections. Recent infection (3-6 months) with Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 offered strong protection (86%, 95% CI 68-94% and 78%, 95% CI 69-84%), whereas more distant infection (6-12 months) with Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and the variants before Omicron offered marginal or no protection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that infection-induced immunity contributes to short-term population protection against infection with the subvariant BA.5 among working-age vaccinated individuals but wanes considerably with time, independent of the virus variant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000146/pdfft?md5=5f2aa8cc6b3a6ef8160f9ffaccb38b9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772707624000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140062674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}