Epidemiological features of scrub typhus and molecular characteristics of Orientia tsutsugamushi in north-central Bangladesh

IF 1.5 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI:10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100571

Sultana Shabnam Nila , Meiji Soe Aung , Nazia Haque , Shyamal Kumar Paul , Syeda Anjuman Nasreen , Sangjukta Roy , Salma Ahmed , Jobyda Khanam , Mohammad Abdul Awal Bin Sayeed , Shashwata Paul , Noriko Urushibara , Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya , Nobuhide Ohashi , Nobumichi Kobayashi

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Abstract

Objectives

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi transmitted through trombiculid mites. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence and clinical features of scrub typhus and the molecular epidemiological characteristics of O. tsutsugamushi in north-central Bangladesh.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from patients with febrile illness at a single medical institution over a 1-year period. Using DNA samples extracted from blood, O. tsutsugamushi was identified by nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the outer membrane protein (47-kDa) gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the genes encoding a 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA) and trxA, along with genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Results

Among the 744 patients, 72 (9.7%) were diagnosed with the scrub typhus and exhibited nausea (93%) and myalgia (75%) more commonly than did non-scrub typhus cases. On the basis of the TSA gene, eight samples were assigned to Karp-related (n = 7; clades 2 and 4b) and Gilliam (n = 1) genotypes. Among the 10 samples, nine sequence types (STs), including eight new types (ST101-ST108) were identified, with three STs grouped into clonal complex 105 (CC105). On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis of trxA, the Bangladeshi samples were differentiated into two clusters.

Conclusions

The genetic characteristics of O. tsutsugamushi in Bangladesh revealed a potentially dominant genetic group (Karp-c2 and CC105).

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孟加拉国中北部恙虫病东方体分子特征及恙虫病恙虫病恙虫病流行病学特征

目的恙虫病是恙虫病东方体经恙螨传播引起的一种急性发热性疾病。本研究旨在阐明孟加拉国中北部恙虫病恙虫病分子流行病学特征和恙虫病恙虫病恙虫病的流行病学特征。方法对在同一医疗机构就诊的发热性疾病患者进行1年以上的血液采集。采用巢式聚合酶链反应方法，对恙虫病体外膜蛋白（47-kDa）基因进行鉴定。基于56-kDa型特异性抗原（TSA）和trxA编码基因进行系统发育分析，并通过多位点序列分型（MLST）进行基因分型。结果744例患者中有72例（9.7%）被诊断为恙虫病，其中恶心（93%）和肌痛（75%）的发生率高于非恙虫病。根据TSA基因，8份样本被划分为karp相关(n = 7；进化支2和4b)和Gilliam （n = 1）基因型。在10份样本中，鉴定出9种序列类型（STs），其中8种为新类型（ST101-ST108），其中3种STs归类为克隆复合体105 （CC105）。根据trxA的系统发育分析，将孟加拉国样本分为两个聚类。结论孟加拉恙虫病恙虫体遗传特征显示出一个潜在的优势遗传群（Karp-c2和CC105）。

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