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Emergence of mpox in Oman: investigating the first cluster and its implications, October 2023
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100608
Fatma Al Hashmi , Khalid Al Saadi , Abir Al Moqbali , Amina Al Busaidi , Ahmed Al Saadi , Saif Al Jabri , Maryam Al Baloshi , Khalid Al Saadi , Ahmed Al Mashaykhi , Sabria Al Marshoudi , Hanan Al Kindi , Esklid Peterson , Amal Al Maani
{"title":"Emergence of mpox in Oman: investigating the first cluster and its implications, October 2023","authors":"Fatma Al Hashmi ,&nbsp;Khalid Al Saadi ,&nbsp;Abir Al Moqbali ,&nbsp;Amina Al Busaidi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al Saadi ,&nbsp;Saif Al Jabri ,&nbsp;Maryam Al Baloshi ,&nbsp;Khalid Al Saadi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al Mashaykhi ,&nbsp;Sabria Al Marshoudi ,&nbsp;Hanan Al Kindi ,&nbsp;Esklid Peterson ,&nbsp;Amal Al Maani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The mpox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus genus of the <em>Poxviridae</em> family, is the source of this newly recognized viral zoonotic illness. Before October 2023, no mpox cases were reported in Oman. This study describes the first confirmed case of mpox and a related family cluster from North Batinah Governorate. This study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiologic investigations of the first mpox case and cluster in Oman, including the identification of infection sources; assessing the transmission prevention measures in place for health care settings and the community; and providing recommendations for improving public health measures for the prevention, detection, and response to the emerging threat of mpox.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An outbreak investigation study was conducted involving all three confirmed cases of mpox in October 2023 in North Batinah Governorate, using a previously prepared form for epidemiological investigation of the cases and another form for detailed contact tracing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that all three cases were from the same family from Sohar Willayat infected with mpox clade IIb. The possible source of infection for the index case was not declared but was potentially travel-related. Transmission to secondary cases occurs through droplets, direct contact, and bedding within households. All contacts were identified and followed up for 21 days, and no secondary cases occurred outside the household.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Travel-related exposure appeared to be a significant factor in the outbreak of clade IIb in Oman. This investigation serves as a practical exercise for public health preparedness, emphasizing the importance of an adaptive health system. Ensuring robust detection and response measures while accounting for patient privacy, cultural contexts, and available resources, such as institutional quarantine for contacts, is crucial for effectively managing emerging infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the catastrophic cost of diagnosis, treatment, care, and support on people and families affected by tuberculosis in Iran and Afghanistan
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100601
Enayatollah Homaie Rad , Bilal Ahmad Rahimi , Minoo Alipouri-Sakha
{"title":"Measuring the catastrophic cost of diagnosis, treatment, care, and support on people and families affected by tuberculosis in Iran and Afghanistan","authors":"Enayatollah Homaie Rad ,&nbsp;Bilal Ahmad Rahimi ,&nbsp;Minoo Alipouri-Sakha","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A key goal of the World Health Organization's End Tuberculosis (TB) Plan was to eliminate TB-related catastrophic costs by 2030. This study aimed to measure the achievement of two countries (Iran and Afghanistan) in this plan.</div></div><div><h3>Design or Methods</h3><div>Using a random cluster sampling, 649 patients with TB were interviewed in 2020. This study calculated the direct, indirect, and catastrophic costs for Iran and Afghanistan and applied regression estimators and a sensitivity analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that 49% of households in Afghanistan and 20% of households in Iran faced TB-related catastrophic costs. Being in multidrug-resistant treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 3.670) was related to facing catastrophic costs. Households with a female (OR = 0.532), being an Iran resident (OR = 0.429), and being a university degree–holder (OR = 0.284) patient with TB had a lower likelihood of facing catastrophic costs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study showed that these two countries are far from the goals of the World Health Organization for having zero TB-related catastrophic costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowledge and attitudes towards Monkeypox (Mpox) among nurses in China: A cross-sectional study
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100539
Yuan Gao , Fang Yu Li , Ling Zhi Xu
{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes towards Monkeypox (Mpox) among nurses in China: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Fang Yu Li ,&nbsp;Ling Zhi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Nurses play an important role in identifying and managing Monkeypox (Mpox) in China, which also puts them at increased risk of Mpox exposure at work. An in-depth investigation of nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards Mpox will help promote the control and management of related infectious diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from nurses using an online questionnaire in China between January 2024 and March 2024. A convenient sampling was implemented. All participants completed a questionnaire encompassing general characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes toward Mpox. The dataset was analyzed using SPSS 29.0 by correlation, regression, t-test and ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Study enrolled 387 nurses. Overall, 51.42% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, and 97.42% of respondents displayed a positive attitude towards Mpox. Relationship between nurses’ knowledge and attitude was positively correlated (p&lt;0.001). The scores of nurses' attitudes towards Mpox were related to their professional titles and the Mpox knowledge training at work (p&lt;0.001). The increase in professional titles from “Nurse” to “Nurse practitioner” demonstrated statistical significance (p&lt;0.001) for the knowledge score. Similarly, the elevation from “Nurse” to “Supervisor nurse” also showed statistical significance (p&lt;0.001). Although professional titles, received Mpox knowledge training at work and working environment were related to nurses' attitudes towards Mpox (p&lt;0.001), the Mpox knowledge at work had no significant impact within the group (p=0.07).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Nurses exhibit a positive attitude towards managing monkeypox, knowledge reserve level is moderate. There was no statistically significant between attitudes and knowledge training at work. It could be attributed to the influence of cultural stigma as an intermediary factor and requires further research. As crucial sources of disseminating information to the public, nurses should enhance their infectious disease knowledge through rigorous training programs and improve their management capabilities during outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Taiwan: Results from a secondary analysis of the Taiwan social change survey
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100540
Wai Yun Lam , Tsz Ho Kwan
{"title":"Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Taiwan: Results from a secondary analysis of the Taiwan social change survey","authors":"Wai Yun Lam ,&nbsp;Tsz Ho Kwan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Vaccination for COVID-19 was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent severe cases and death. However, vaccination uptake could be affected by various attributes. We aimed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination history in Taiwan.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>A secondary analysis was conducted with the 2022 Taiwan Social Change Survey. Participants were adult Taiwan residents, and were sampled randomly based on the Taiwan Address List. Survey items included sociodemographics, health status, trust and relationship with healthcare professionals, and COVID-19 and influenza vaccination history. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination history were assessed using chi-squared and additional independent logistic regression was conducted for factors containing more than two categories of results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1739 participants, 46.9% were male, 34.8% were 60-year-old or above, 33.8% attained an undergraduate education level or above, and 49.2% were living in city area. About 46.3% had a friend working as a nurse, and 90.9% showed trust in physicians. Overall, the COVID-19 and influenza vaccination rate was 93.7%, and 30.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis results showed that sex (p=0.004), age (p&lt;0.001), and education level (p&lt;0.001) were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination history. Participants who had a lower income level (p=0.016), were residing in rural area (p=0.046), and perceived to have a worse health status (p&lt;0.001) were more likely to be unvaccinated, while having a friend working as a nurse (p=0.003), trusting physicians (p&lt;0.001), and having received an influenza vaccine before (p&lt;0.001) were associated with COVID-19 vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our results showed that there was a discrepancy in accessing COVID-19 vaccination between healthier and wealthier people and those less privileged. While medical professionals played an important role in encouraging the public to receive COVID-19 vaccines, removing structural barriers would be important in boosting the coverage and achieving health equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Supplement Title Page
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/S2772-7076(25)00015-3
{"title":"Supplement Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2772-7076(25)00015-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2772-7076(25)00015-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors associated with discontinuation rate in clinical follow-up among men who have sex with men (MSM) using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Taiwan: A prospective cohort study 台湾使用暴露前预防疗法 (PrEP) 的男男性行为者 (MSM) 在临床随访中中断治疗率的相关因素:前瞻性队列研究
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100538
Yi-Jhen Chen , Chia-Wen Li , Huei-Jiuan Wu , Stephane Wen-Wei Ku , Poyao Huang , Carol Strong
{"title":"Factors associated with discontinuation rate in clinical follow-up among men who have sex with men (MSM) using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Taiwan: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Yi-Jhen Chen ,&nbsp;Chia-Wen Li ,&nbsp;Huei-Jiuan Wu ,&nbsp;Stephane Wen-Wei Ku ,&nbsp;Poyao Huang ,&nbsp;Carol Strong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Event-driven dosing is the preferred option for oral PrEP among MSM in Taiwan. Lost to follow-up and discontinuation can be barriers to PrEP upscale in real life, yet most studies included daily users only. This study aimed to investigate the discontinuation of PrEP in clinical follow-up and associated factors among different PrEP dosing regimen users.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>Adult MSM receiving PrEP service at a medical center in southern Taiwan were enrolled prospectively in 2018-2023. Questionnaires were completed at each clinical visit. Participants were categorized into three groups based on the overall percentage of self-reported daily PrEP use during all visits for each person: “majorly daily” (≥75% of daily use), “switch”, and “majorly event-driven” (≤25%). PrEP discontinuation, defined as having no clinical visit for over 6 months, was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test comparing differences among dosing regimen groups. Cox proportional hazards models identified associations between PrEP users' characteristics and the first PrEP discontinuation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 301 MSM were included (median age: 29 years), and 66.1% majorly used event-driven PrEP. The median time to first discontinuation for all participants was 209 days. In the PrEP discontinuation multivariable model, the “majorly event-driven” users were more likely to be lost to follow-up than “majorly daily” users (hazard ratio [HR]=1.77, 95% CI=1.08-2.90), and the “switch” group is less likely to discontinue than the “majorly daily” group (HR=0.22, 95% CI=0.06-0.73). PrEP users self-reporting sexually transmitted infections and self-paid for PrEP were also more likely to discontinue.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Event-driven PrEP users demonstrate lower clinical follow-up rate in Taiwan. Differentiated service delivery better-tailoring resources to users’ demand should be developed. Clinicians should also be cautioned for PrEP users with higher HIV risk yet discontinuing PrEP clinical follow-up regardless of the dosing regimen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Sabah, Malaysia: One year cross-sectional study
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100543
Mei Yin Pong , Jun Fai Yap , Muhammad Jikal
{"title":"Epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Sabah, Malaysia: One year cross-sectional study","authors":"Mei Yin Pong ,&nbsp;Jun Fai Yap ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jikal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious illness typically caused by enteroviruses. However, the causative agent of HFMD can vary by type and region. To better understand the epidemiological characteristics, we conducted a retrospective study of HFMD outbreaks in a Malaysia state over the course of one year.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted on all notified HFMD outbreaks and confirmed HFMD cases within Sabah state in Malaysia via the national public health disease surveillance system. Clinical specimens (throat swabs, ulcer swabs, rectal swabs or stool cultures) taken during the outbreaks were tested by polymerase chain reaction and positivity yield rates were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 215 HFMD outbreaks occurred predominantly in childcare centres (40.9%), involving 1232 cases in the state. The most commonly affected age group was children aged 0 to 4 years, with males accounting for 56.0% of the cases. The majority were of native ethnicity (76.4%), followed by Chinese ethnicity (8.6%). No fatalities were detected. Of the 485 clinical specimens sent, 41.0% tested positive for viruses, with stool cultures exhibiting the highest positivity rate. Among the positive specimens, 52.3% tested positive for PanEnterovirus, followed by Coxsackievirus A16 (24.6%) and Enterovirus 71 (23.1%). Further viral isolation tests on PanEnterovirus samples revealed that 1.9% were identified as Coxsackievirus A16.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>During outbreaks of HFMD in the Malaysia state, male children under the age of five were notably affected. It was reported that the duration of viral shedding lasted longer in stools compared to other swab samples, potentially leading to a higher diagnostic yield. The co-circulation of both Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 in the state highlights a potential risk to public health, emphasizing the importance of regular laboratory surveillance in the country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INFECTION 2024
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100575
Tsz Ho Kwan , Shui Shan Lee
{"title":"INFECTION 2024","authors":"Tsz Ho Kwan ,&nbsp;Shui Shan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexually transmitted infection test-and-treat
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100529
Ngai Sze Wong
{"title":"Sexually transmitted infection test-and-treat","authors":"Ngai Sze Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, the disease burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has remained high over the years. Every day, more than 1 million STIs are acquired around the world. The negative impacts of STIs include morbid sexual and reproductive health, stigmatization, and congenital syphilis. Fortunately, most bacterial STIs (including syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea) are curable, enabling test-and-treat as a useful approach for controlling the epidemics in people at high risk of infection. The 2022–2030 global health sector strategies have set the indicators of &gt;90% screening coverage and &gt;95% of treatment coverage for syphilis and gonorrhoea in priority population. Regular STI testing, usually referring to syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, in sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) have been recommended in a few international STI guidelines. With advanced technology development, STI testing spectrum has been expanded, and the testing procedures have been simplified for point-of-care testing or even home-based self-testing. While regular specific STIs testing could be beneficial for key populations, the potential emergence of resistance resulting from selective pressure following intensive screening and treatment of some STI such as gonorrhoea is a concern. The strategy of testing could be the key, which may need to be optimised. New strategy from another approach such as vaccination are under development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors associated with cryptococcal capsular antigen positivity among people living with HIV: A retrospective observational cohort study
IF 1.5
IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100532
Fenqi Da , Yi Cao , Pengle Guo , Yeyang Zhang , Yaozu He , Quanmin Li , Weiran Tan , Huijun Hou , Xiaoping Tang , Heping Zhao , Linghua Li
{"title":"Factors associated with cryptococcal capsular antigen positivity among people living with HIV: A retrospective observational cohort study","authors":"Fenqi Da ,&nbsp;Yi Cao ,&nbsp;Pengle Guo ,&nbsp;Yeyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaozu He ,&nbsp;Quanmin Li ,&nbsp;Weiran Tan ,&nbsp;Huijun Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Tang ,&nbsp;Heping Zhao ,&nbsp;Linghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus, is an aggressive fungal disease posing a high mortality risk among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, factors associated with the prevalence of cryptococcal capsular antigen (CrAg) among PLHIV remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>We recruited PLHIV from a designated HIV/AIDS clinic in Southern China between March 2018 and December 2019. Serum CrAg was qualitatively detected using Lateral Flow Assay (LFA). Fungal culture and pathological examinations were performed using the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression were utilized to assess factors associated with the prevalence of CrAg.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1478 PLHIV were included, among whom 297 were antiretroviral therapy-naïve (ART-naïve), 1181 (79.9%) were ART-experienced. The median baseline CD4+ T cell count was 43 cells/µl (interquartile range [IQR]: 13-117). The majority (94.7%) CrAg-positive PLHIV had a baseline CD4+ T cell count ≤ 200 cells/µl. The overall CrAg positivity rate was 5.1%. The CrAg positivity rate among ART-naïve PLHIV was 6.4%, which was similar to that among ART-experienced PLHIV. Notably, within the ART-experienced group, CrAg-positive PLHIV displayed lower baseline and latest CD4+ T cell counts than those in CrAg-negative. CrAg status was significantly associated with shorter ART duration (≤1 year vs. &gt;2 year: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–5.34. 1-2 year vs. &gt;2 year: 4.61, 2.10-10.12) and other opportunistic infections (2.56, 1.41-4.63) among ART-experienced PLHIV. Among CrAg-positive PLHIV, 44 were diagnosed with cryptococcosis, including 28 previously diagnosed and 16 newly diagnosed cases (8 ART-naïve and 8 ART-experienced).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>We found a sizable CrAg positivity rate among ART-naïve and ART-experienced PLHIV. A lower baseline CD4+ T cell count was the primary factor associated with CrAg positivity among PLHIV. Serum CrAg screening should be recommended for both ART-naïve and ART-experienced PLHIV with CD4+ T cell counts ≤200 cells/µl.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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