IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control最新文献_第7页

Assessing the Microfabrication-Related Variability of the Performance of CMUT Arrays 评估微加工相关的CMUT阵列性能变异性

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3198390

Monica La Mura;Alvise Bagolini;Patrizia Lamberti;Alessandro Stuart Savoia

引用次数: 2

32 Element Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (PMUT) Phased Array for Neuromodulation 用于神经调节的32元压电微机械超声换能器相控阵

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3196823

Pannawit Tipsawat;Sheikh Jawad Ilham;Jung In Yang;Zeinab Kashani;Mehdi Kiani;Susan Trolier-Mckinstry

{"title":"32 Element Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (PMUT) Phased Array for Neuromodulation","authors":"Pannawit Tipsawat;Sheikh Jawad Ilham;Jung In Yang;Zeinab Kashani;Mehdi Kiani;Susan Trolier-Mckinstry","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3196823","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3196823","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in utilizing ultrasound (US) transducers for non-invasive neuromodulation treatment, including for low intensity transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), has grown rapidly. The most widely demonstrated US transducers for tFUS are either bulk piezoelectric transducers or capacitive micromachine transducers (CMUT) which require high voltage excitation to operate. In order to advance the development of the US transducers towards small, portable devices for safe tFUS at large scale, a low voltage array of US transducers with beam focusing and steering capability is of interest. This work presents the design methodology, fabrication, and characterization of 32-element phased array piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUT) using \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.5~mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 thick Pb(Zr\u00000.52\u0000Ti\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{{mathrm {0.48}}})text{O}_{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 films doped with 2 mol% Nb. The electrode/piezoelectric/electrode stack was deposited on a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer with a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2~mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 silicon device layer that serves as the passive elastic layer for bending-mode vibration. The fabricated 32-element PMUT has a central frequency at 1.4 MHz. Ultrasound beam focusing and steering (through beamforming) was demonstrated where the array was driven with 14.6 V square unipolar pulses. The PMUT generated a maximum peak-to-peak focused acoustic pressure output of 0.44 MPa at a focal distance of 20 mm with a 9.2 mm and 1 mm axial and lateral resolution, respectively. The maximum pressure is equivalent to a spatial-peak pulse-average intensity of 1.29 W/cm\u00002\u0000, which is suitable for tFUS application.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"2 ","pages":"184-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9155513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Data-Over-Sound With PMUTs pmut的声音数据传输

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3197126

Harshvardhan Gupta;Bibhas Nayak;Anuj Ashok;Rudra Pratap

引用次数: 1

Erratum to “Characterization of Multilayer Piezoelectric Stacks Down to 100K” [2022 65-82] “多层压电堆的表征降至100K”的勘误[2022 65-82]

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3184056

Stewart Sherrit;Mircea Badescu;John B. Steeves;William E. Krieger;Clifford A. Klein;Otto R. Polanco;Carey Louise Weisberg;David Van Buren;Joseph Sauvageau;Keith Coste

引用次数: 0

Laser Micromachined Flexible Ultrasound Line Array and Subplanar Multimodal Imaging Applications 激光微加工柔性超声线阵列及亚平面多模态成像应用

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3188746

Jianzhong Chen;Wei Liu;Dawei Wu;Hu Ye

{"title":"Laser Micromachined Flexible Ultrasound Line Array and Subplanar Multimodal Imaging Applications","authors":"Jianzhong Chen;Wei Liu;Dawei Wu;Hu Ye","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3188746","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3188746","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible ultrasound array with phased array configurations have individually controllable array element emission and reception acoustic properties, however array conventional processes and array design are too complex. It is necessary to explore rapid creation methods and potential ultrasound applications for flexible arrays. In this paper, we provide a method for rapid fabrication of flexible transducers based on laser micromachining and verify the performance of the line array by multi-mode positioning imaging under curved surfaces. The proposed single-layered and double-sided conductive stretchable electrode configuration eliminated the blockage of acoustic waves,and ’island bridge’ structures are compatible with array flexibility and array excitation for row addressing.The mechanical, acoustic and electrical interconnections of the array are verified.Based on the Verasonics system, the ultrasonic line array scans multiple steel column targets in multiple modalities under curved surfaces for imaging and localization.The results show that the ultrasonic line array can obtain clear visual localization images in A-scan, B-scan and E-scan poses.In addition, the artifacts in the images can be effectively suppressed by adjusting the depth of focus of E-scan and optimizing the sparse line array structure. It is verified that laser micromachining for rapid creation of flexible ultrasonic line array has potential applications in the field of localization imaging.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"2 ","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9819962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62907032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial Coherence Adaptive Clutter Filtering in Color Flow Imaging—Part II: Phantom and In Vivo Experiments 彩色流成像中的空间相干自适应杂波滤波——第二部分:幻像和体内实验

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3184909

Will Long;David Bradway;Rifat Ahmed;James Long;Gregg E. Trahey

{"title":"Spatial Coherence Adaptive Clutter Filtering in Color Flow Imaging—Part II: Phantom and In Vivo Experiments","authors":"Will Long;David Bradway;Rifat Ahmed;James Long;Gregg E. Trahey","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3184909","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3184909","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional color flow processing is associated with a high degree of operator dependence, often requiring the careful tuning of clutter filters and priority encoding to optimize the display and accuracy of color flow images. In a companion paper, we introduced a novel framework to adapt color flow processing based on local measurements of backscatter spatial coherence. Through simulation studies, the adaptive selection of clutter filters using coherence image quality characterization was demonstrated as a means to dynamically suppress weakly-coherent clutter while preserving coherent flow signal in order to reduce velocity estimation bias. In this study, we extend previous work to evaluate the application of coherence-adaptive clutter filtering (CACF) on experimental data acquired from both phantom and \u0000<italic>in vivo\u0000 liver and fetal vessels. In phantom experiments with clutter-generating tissue, CACF was shown to increase the dynamic range of velocity estimates and decrease bias and artifact from flash and thermal noise relative to conventional color flow processing. Under \u0000<italic>in vivo\u0000 conditions, such properties allowed for the direct visualization of vessels that would have otherwise required fine-tuning of filter cutoff and priority thresholds with conventional processing. These advantages are presented alongside various failure modes identified in CACF as well as discussions of solutions to mitigate such limitations.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"2 ","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9881236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10592053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial Coherence Adaptive Clutter Filtering in Color Flow Imaging—Part I: Simulation Studies 彩色流成像中的空间相干自适应杂波滤波——第一部分:仿真研究

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3184914

Will Long;David Bradway;Rifat Ahmed;James Long;Gregg E. Trahey

{"title":"Spatial Coherence Adaptive Clutter Filtering in Color Flow Imaging—Part I: Simulation Studies","authors":"Will Long;David Bradway;Rifat Ahmed;James Long;Gregg E. Trahey","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3184914","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3184914","url":null,"abstract":"The appropriate selection of a clutter filter is critical for ensuring the accuracy of velocity estimates in ultrasound color flow imaging. Given the complex spatio-temporal dynamics of flow signal and clutter, however, the manual selection of filters can be a significant challenge, increasing the risk for bias and variance introduced by the removal of flow signal and/or poor clutter suppression. We propose a novel framework to adaptively select clutter filter settings based on color flow image quality feedback derived from the spatial coherence of ultrasonic backscatter. This framework seeks to relax assumptions of clutter magnitude and velocity that are traditionally required in existing adaptive filtering methods to generalize clutter filtering to a wider range of clinically-relevant color flow imaging conditions. In this study, the relationship between color flow velocity estimation error and the spatial coherence of clutter filtered channel signals was investigated in Field II simulations for a wide range of flow and clutter conditions. This relationship was leveraged in a basic implementation of coherence-adaptive clutter filtering (CACF) designed to dynamically adapt clutter filters at each imaging pixel and frame based on local measurements of spatial coherence. In simulation studies with known scatterer and clutter motion, CACF was demonstrated to reduce velocity estimation bias while maintaining variance on par with conventional filtering.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"2 ","pages":"106-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9881314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Design for Acoustic Wave Multiplexers With Single Inductor Matching Network Using Frequency Response Fitting Method 基于频率响应拟合方法的单电感匹配网络声波复用器设计

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3182321

Shu-Yuan Tseng;Min-Yuan Yang;Chin-Chung Hsiao;Yung-Yu Chen;Ruey-Beei Wu

{"title":"Design for Acoustic Wave Multiplexers With Single Inductor Matching Network Using Frequency Response Fitting Method","authors":"Shu-Yuan Tseng;Min-Yuan Yang;Chin-Chung Hsiao;Yung-Yu Chen;Ruey-Beei Wu","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3182321","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3182321","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a new acoustic wave (AW) multiplexer topology with a single-inductor matching network for carrier aggregation (CA) in the fifth-generation communication systems. To satisfy the desired specifications of all the multiplexer ports based on ladder-type filters, the frequency response fitting method (FRFM) is proposed to obtain the BVD parameters for each AW resonator. Using the proposed computer-aided method, a parameter solution can be obtained under practical design limitations, such as the selection of the piezoelectric material, properties of the manufacturing process, and used circuit topology. Furthermore, a measurement of a band 1 and 3 surface acoustic wave (SAW) multiplexer is set up to confirm the feasibility of the proposed FRFM. The designed SAW multiplexer based on the lithium tantalate with Euler angle (0, −38, 0), 42°YX-LiTaO\u00003\u0000, is arranged. The designed quadplexer achieves high selectively with a return loss (RL), stopband reflection, and isolation better than −12 dB, −43 dB, and −50 dB, respectively, in a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.15times2.65$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm\u00002\u0000 occupation. The measurement results confirm the feasibility of the multiplexer topology and the proposed FRFM. The approach is also extended to a quadplexer design with band 4 and 25 and a hexaplexer design with band 1, 3, and 7 for CA applications, demonstrating its flexibility and simplicity.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"2 ","pages":"140-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9794779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62907340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Characterization of Multilayer Piezoelectric Stacks Down to 100K 100K以下多层压电堆的特性研究

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3173919

Stewart Sherrit;Mircea Badescu;John B. Steeves;William E. Krieger;Clifford A. Klein;Otto R. Polanco;Carey Louise Weisberg;David Van Buren;Joseph Sauvageau;Keith Coste

{"title":"Characterization of Multilayer Piezoelectric Stacks Down to 100K","authors":"Stewart Sherrit;Mircea Badescu;John B. Steeves;William E. Krieger;Clifford A. Klein;Otto R. Polanco;Carey Louise Weisberg;David Van Buren;Joseph Sauvageau;Keith Coste","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3173919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3173919","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of applications require precision control at cryogenic temperatures. The next-generation of telescopes are looking to increase apertures in space telescopes and observations in the mid through far infrared regions enabling new science ranging from exoplanet characterization to precision astronomical observations to further refine astrophysics models. Concepts include segmented telescopes which are capable of observations in UV through IR bands, thus driving the need for UV surface performance at cryogenic temperatures. These telescope’s segments will require actuators for controlled surface displacements capable of operation at cryogenic temperatures (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$le 150text{K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000). The work reported in this paper is directed at understanding piezoelectric stack actuator operation down to cryogenic temperatures (100 K) which will provide actuator designers the needed information to model and predict performance. The data reported down to 100 K includes; resonance data, displacement voltage (S vs E) and capacitor voltage (D vs E) curves, stiffness, hysteresis, blocking force, DC resistance measurements, thermal strains and the coefficients of thermal expansion as a function of the electrical boundary conditions. Open-loop control drive strategies and errors are also reported. We apply this data to a surface parallel actuator mirror design.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"2 ","pages":"65-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9292640/9674185/09772685.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49907934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Improved Lumped Element Model for Circular-Shape pMUTs 一种改进的圆形pMUTs集总元模型

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2022.3178972

Sedat Pala;Liwei Lin

引用次数: 4