Health sciences review (Oxford, England)最新文献

{"title":"Melasma management: Unveiling recent breakthroughs through literature analysis","authors":"Darshan Kumar R,&nbsp;Richa Sood,&nbsp;Prashant Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melasma is a prevalent acquired hyperpigmentation disorder characterized by irregular brownish patches on areas of the skin frequently exposed to sunlight. Although benign, it can significantly affect an individual's quality of life due to limited treatment options. Over the years, various therapeutic approaches, including topical agents, chemical peels, laser treatments, and oral medications, have been explored. However, managing melasma remains challenging, with high recurrence rates and inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on recent methodological advancements in elucidating the pathophysiology of melasma and the development of novel treatment strategies. Research leveraging histological analyses, genetic profiling, and biochemical assays has elucidated novel therapeutic targets, including oxidative stress pathways and inflammatory mediators. Advances in topical formulations, such as combination therapies containing tyrosinase inhibitors, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents, have shown promising results in improving pigmentation and preventing recurrence. Furthermore, targeted delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, have enhanced the efficacy and penetration of active ingredients, leading to better clinical outcomes.</div><div>In addition to topical treatments, recent studies have highlighted the efficacy of emerging modalities such as fractional lasers, intense pulsed light (IPL), and microneedling in the management of melasma. These techniques offer precise targeting of melanin without causing significant epidermal damage, thus minimizing the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Moreover, advances in oral medications have shown encouraging results in reducing melanin production and preventing melasma recurrence.</div><div>In conclusion, current advances in melasma management provide great opportunities for improving outcomes and increasing patient satisfaction. A multidisciplinary approach integrating dermatologists, cosmetic surgeons, and skincare professionals is essential for designing comprehensive and individualized treatment regimens. These advancements underscore the potential for improving patient outcomes and satisfaction while emphasizing the need for robust research to optimize therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond boundaries: Charting the frontier of healthcare with big data and ai advancements in pharmacovigilance","authors":"Arohi Agarwal ,&nbsp;Gagan Singh ,&nbsp;Samyak Jain ,&nbsp;Piyush Mittal","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The healthcare sector is intricate, generating vast amounts of data from various sources at an accelerated pace. The contemporary trend of Big Data Analytics is pivotal, impacting not only the pharmaceutical industry but also transforming healthcare, contributing to personalized treatment, aiding in preventive healthcare, managing electronic health records, facilitating adverse drug reporting, and incorporating consumer reviews. This article provides an overview of the inevitable influence of big data and the utilization of artificial intelligence in revolutionizing both healthcare and the pharmaceutical sector. It delves into the notable benefits and challenges encountered in advancing data analytics of the early 21st century.In many countries, Post-marketing surveillance of drug safety relinquishes on a systematic analysis of spontaneous using Generative artificial intelligence (AI) to overcome gaps in the present PV ecosystem is critical to maintaining an uninterrupted record of security and effectiveness within healthcare analytics, data mining techniques, predictive analytics, and the emergence of scientific fields like bioinformatics and health informatics are empowered by Big Data. Nevertheless, the integration of AI in healthcare, especially in pharmacovigilance, aligns with the evolving landscape of electronic health information technology. In conclusion, review highlights the transformative impact of Big Data and AI in healthcare, emphasizing their applications in pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology. The continuous evolution of these technologies holds promise for improving patient safety, personalized medicine, and overall healthcare outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolution in cancer treatment methods: Perspective review of factors affecting the final results of nanoparticles used in magnetic fluid hyperthermia","authors":"P. Rastgoo Oskoui,&nbsp;M. Rezvani","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in nanotechnology have made magnetic fluid hyperthermia a potential therapeutic platform for cancer treatment. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia can be used alone or in combination with other conventional therapeutic methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. In order to accurately control the temperature of cancerous tissue and prevent cell necrosis, it is necessary to identify and optimize the factors affecting the magnetic losses of nanoparticles. The type of nanoparticles, the size and shape of the particles, the type of solution used for dispersion, etc. are some of the factors that affect the rate of heat loss under alternating magnetic fields. In this review, the effect of various factors on the rate of heat generation has been briefly reviewed. Also, smart drug delivery systems based on drug release during temperature increase due to magnetic losses were investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Healthcare Challenges in the UK and the US: Medical Errors, Aging, Private Healthcare and Governance","authors":"John S. Bolwell","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deaths and serious injuries caused by medical errors continue to beset the healthcare systems of all developed countries. Most are due to failures in the processes of care exacerbated by poor communication between healthcare providers and with patients, particularly the elderly with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. The global phenomenon of aging populations due to declining birthrates and increased life expectancy may have detrimental consequences for societies and is briefly considered. The most common medical errors are failure to diagnose, misdiagnoses, failure to treat, surgical and anesthetic errors, negligent postoperative care, medication errors, failure to order, or act on, laboratory tests, and birth injuries (mother and baby). Estimated numbers of deaths vary widely, for example 22,000 to 40,000 in the UK and 98,000 to 251,000 in the US which attests to the complexity of accurate quantification. Regardless of the true magnitude there is no doubt that several deaths due to preventable medical errors occur in each hospital every year and there are 1,148 public and private hospitals in the UK and 6,120 in the US. The history and efficacy of preventative measures such as continuing professional development, continuity of care, multi-disciplinary-team management and quality assurance programs are summarized. The UK and the US have worse healthcare outcomes and shorter average life expectancies than comparable developed countries and these issues are discussed. Reforms which might contribute to the delivery of safe, universal and sustainable healthcare in the UK and the US are reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combatting multi-drug resistance in urinary tract infections among diabetic populations: A perspective review","authors":"Rahima Tanbin Tama ,&nbsp;Md. Sakhawat Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Shahidul Islam ,&nbsp;Rifaia Sultana Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Md. Ashikur Rahaman ,&nbsp;Md. Ashraful Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that lowers life expectancy and quality of life when left untreated or improperly managed. Infections, both common and pathogenic, such as emphysematous pyelonephritis, malignant otitis externa, mucormycosis, and Fournier's gangrene, are more common in diabetic patients. Because patients with diabetes have a lower prognosis and more frequent Urinary tract infections (UTIs) than those without diabetes. Based on the literature, we carried out a review study that examined the characteristics of the prevalence of UTIs among diabetic patients in various countries over time, as well as the associated risk factors, processes, and therapeutic issues. The results show that compared to people without diabetes, diabetic patients with UTIs have higher rates of hospitalization, recurrence, and mortality, as well as a more frequent evolution to bacteremia. Pregnancy, advanced age, multidrug-resistant bacteria, and the length of a patient's diabetes seem to be the potential risk factors that have been found. With rare exceptions, the antibiotic susceptibility profile and bacterial strains responsible for UTIs in patients with DM are similar to those in non-diabetics; nonetheless, careful selection of antimicrobial agents, and treatment duration should match that needed for complicated UTIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in nicotine metabolism as a potential factor causing disparities in tobacco consumption estimates by wastewater-based epidemiology","authors":"Min-Tz Weng ,&nbsp;Kathryn J Steadman ,&nbsp;Kelly Zhong ,&nbsp;Maryam Al-Gharibeh ,&nbsp;Qiuda Zheng ,&nbsp;Phong K Thai","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can be used for estimating tobacco consumption at a population level. It involves analysing wastewater for the nicotine biomarkers cotinine (COT) and 3-hydroxycotinine (3HC). However, large discrepancies between WBE estimates for tobacco consumption compared to surveys and sales data have been reported. We hypothesise it could be partly related to genetic differences in CYP2A6 enzyme activity affecting COT and 3HC excretion. To review the use of COT and 3HC excretion factors within WBE calculations of tobacco consumption, a literature search for relevant articles was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Medline. A total of 34 papers were identified across the Americas, Oceania, Asian and European regions. In contrast to the other regions, 100 % of WBE cases involving East and Southeast Asian populations exhibited an underestimation of tobacco use when compared to surveys or sales data. The excretion factors used across all 34 papers had been derived from urine samples from predominantly White populations. People of Asian descent tend to have lower urinary concentrations of COT and 3HC than White populations due to slower CYP2A6 enzyme activity diverting nicotine metabolism towards non-CYP2A6 pathways. We show that using excretion factors that better represent Asian populations in WBE calculations can result in more accurate estimates of tobacco use. Measurement and use of excretion factors tailored to specific ethnic backgrounds can be expected to enhance the precision of WBE analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods to train and evaluate clinical communication skills of medical professionals and medical interpreters","authors":"Naoko Ono ,&nbsp;Jinghua Yang ,&nbsp;Taeko Hamai","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increasing recognition of the importance of communication through medical interpreters in medical care provision for foreigners. However, there is no established method for developing the communication skills of medical interpreters. This literature review summarized methods of communication skills training and evaluation for medical professionals, and investigated the applicability of such methods to medical interpreters. A literature review was performed according to the process described in the PRISMA-S (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Literature Search Extension), a guideline for systematic reviews in healthcare. Analysis of the extracted articles showed that 13 articles described original communication skills training programs for medical professionals, and 5 articles described pre-existing programs. A common evaluation method was the comparison of questionnaire survey responses before and after training. The results were used to identify key recommendations for future directions in establishing methods for developing the communication skills of medical interpreters. Most studies were on CST programs for oncology, and most used in-person training programs. This review clarified currently used methods of training and evaluating the clinical communication skills of medical professionals, and their potential applicability to medical interpreters. The findings indicate the need to develop communication skills training programs tailored to situations that medical interpreters encounter in their work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Four-Year Journey of Health Sciences Review with Innovation and Growth","authors":"Burcin Ekser","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrative review of cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia: A different focus in malignant hematology","authors":"Sara M. Tinsley-Vance ,&nbsp;Tina M. Mason ,&nbsp;Rami S. Komrokji","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/background</h3><div>An improved understanding of cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia among patients with hematologic malignancies can improve their health outcomes. Patients with hematologic malignancies are affected by cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia, but this aspect of their care is rarely studied. This review aims to increase awareness and knowledge of cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia for patients with hematologic malignancies through a comprehensive synthesis of current research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An integrative literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published between 2012 and 2022 using search terms of hematologic malignancies and cancer-related cachexia or sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-nine studies were examined with data on 5,687 patients, primarily diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results are grouped by themes identified in the studies of cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia in hematologic cancers. The major themes identified were health outcomes, patient identification, transplant effects, and sex differences. Cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia are associated with decreased overall survival and progression-free survival, similar to solid tumors. Cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia reduce tolerance to chemotherapy and increase hematologic toxicities. With this effect, biomarkers and cachexia prognostic scores are available to improve patient identification, prognostication, and support. These affected individuals will benefit from increased awareness by the healthcare team to tailor care and mitigate the deleterious effects of the condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for pancreatic cancer among smokers as high-risk individuals: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","authors":"Melissa M. Elder ,&nbsp;Yves Paul Vincent Mbous ,&nbsp;Toni Marie Rudisill ,&nbsp;George A. Kelley","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100203","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The main objective of this study was to conduct an aggregate data systematic review with meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to determine the association between imaging screening for smoking and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eligible studies included the following: 1) prospective cohort studies conducted in humans, 2) appropriate imaging screening method, 3) participants categorized into smoking as a high-risk group with no reported genetic disposition for PC, 4) no prior diagnosis of PC, 5) studies which detected and diagnosed adenocarcinoma following baseline screening, 6) data available for our primary outcome, PC, 7) studies published in the English language from January 1, 1992 to July 22, 2024. Any studies not meeting all of the above criteria were excluded. Information sources included the following: 1) PubMed, 2) CINAHL, 3) Scopus, 4) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), 5) NIH National Cancer Institute's Division of Cancer Prevention, 6) Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, 7) ProQuest, 8) The British Medical Journal's &lt;em&gt;Gut&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Pancreatology&lt;/em&gt;, 9) Clinicaltrials.gov. The date of the last search (PubMed) was conducted on July 22, 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposures [&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;] instrument. Small-study effects (publication bias, etc.) was assessed using the Doi plot and LFK index. The effect size metric for the primary outcome, PC, was the odds ratio (OR). Odd's ratios were pooled using the inverse-variance (IVhet) model. The strength/certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) instrument.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Five retrospective cohort studies representing 3,517 patients met the criteria for inclusion, 944 of whom were smokers. Two of the five studies reported the exact diagnosis stage for smokers. Among cases of pancreatic cancer (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 34), the estimated effect of smoking suggested harm (OR = 2.24, 95 % CI, 0.96 to 5.23) though with weak statistical significance (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.06). Statistically significant heterogeneity (&lt;em&gt;Q&lt;/em&gt; = 11.1, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03) and moderate inconsistency (&lt;em&gt;I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt; = 63.9 %, 95 % CI, 5.0 to 86.3 %) were observed. The 95 % prediction interval (PI) was 0.15 to 32.38. Risk of bias, based on ROBINS-E ranged from high to very high, with very low certainty of evidence based on the GRADE assessment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;While not statistically significant, our findings suggest that smokers may be at an increased odds of having pancreatic cancer. However, these findings need to be interpreted with respect to the high risk of bias and very low certainty of evidence observed. A need exists for additional, well-designed studies that include intentional assessment of scr","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}