{"title":"Psychosis secondary to thyrotoxicosis: An educational review","authors":"Hana Taha , Salma Abdel Wahed , Vanja Berggren","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excess thyroid hormones have a major effect on brain metabolism and neurotransmitter systems. This study aimed to examine the complex relationship between thyrotoxicosis and psychosis including symptoms and treatment options. This literature review summarized 37 case reports of psychosis secondary to thyrotoxicosis that were published in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar searches between Jan 2011 and Dec 2024. The results indicated that the case reports of females were significantly more than those of males. The most common psychiatric symptom was agitation (27.02 %) while mania and psychomotor agitation were the least common one (2.7 %). For thyrotoxicosis symptoms, tachycardia (32.43 %) was the most frequently mentioned symptom, and the least common ones were goiter and high blood pressure (13.51 %). The findings of this review emphasize the value of collaborative treatment combining psychiatrist and endocrinologist to address the complex clinical presentations and treatment modalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decoding Brugada syndrome: A comprehensive analysis of pathophysiology, genetic foundations and advanced clinical management","authors":"Aman Kumar , Junaid Tantray , Sourabh Kosey , Chingtham Henthoibi Devi , Bhupendra Prajapati","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sudden cardiac death is linked to the hereditary condition known as Brugada syndrome (BrS), an autosomal dominant heart illness. Another name for it is sudden nocturnal death syndrome, a novel arrhythmogenic condition that has drawn attention because of its intricate pathophysiology and potential medical applications. BrS is generally considered a fairly uncommon condition, with an estimated 0.05 % global frequency and 0.4 % pattern. The reported prevalence of BrS ranges from 1 in 2000 to 1 in 5000.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study seeks to provide a complete understanding of the pathophysiology, genetic basis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment methods related to Brugada syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A narrative synthesis of current research was undertaken, concentrating on epidemiology, electrophysiological processes, genetic alterations (specifically SCN5A), and clinical management techniques, including risk stratification tools and treatment modalities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>BrS has a worldwide prevalence estimated between 1 in 2000 and 1 in 5000 persons. Genetic mutations, especially affecting heart sodium channels, provide an arrhythmogenic substrate resulting in distinctive ECG abnormalities. Diagnosis is driven by revised clinical criteria and electrophysiological results. Management involves the use of implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and medication. Recent findings have clarified genotype-phenotype connections and enhanced patient risk classification</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Brugada syndrome is a complicated cardiac illness needing standardized diagnostic techniques and specialized therapeutic options. Future research should concentrate on enhancing genetic screening, risk prediction models, and the development of tailored medicines to lower sudden cardiac death risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saad Mutlaq Alosaimi , Ahmad Al Habash , Shahad Salah Alsubhi (Literature Search)
{"title":"Efficacy of bimatoprost sustained-release implant in treating severe intraocular pressure in open glaucoma: A meta-analysis","authors":"Saad Mutlaq Alosaimi , Ahmad Al Habash , Shahad Salah Alsubhi (Literature Search)","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This meta-analysis investigates the efficacy and safety of the bimatoprost sustained-release (SR) implant for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), particularly those with severe or uncontrolled IOP. A comprehensive search of multiple databases identified twelve randomized controlled trials including a total of 2808 patients. Pooled analysis demonstrated that the bimatoprost SR implant significantly reduced IOP compared to placebo, with a mean difference of –1.53 mmHg. The implant also increased the proportion of patients achieving desired IOP reduction and was associated with a modest improvement in rescue rates. Adverse events were generally low, with no treatment-emergent adverse events reported in the intervention group. These findings suggest that the bimatoprost SR implant is a safe and effective alternative for patients with OAG who may struggle with adherence to daily eye drops. Further studies are recommended to evaluate its long-term impact on disease progression and visual outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amidu Alhassan , Sana Rasheed , Ahmed Asad Raza , Bushra Murtaza , Azka Mujeeb , Ayesha Iqbal Mansoor
{"title":"Driving and sustaining trauma-informed organizational change: The role of healthcare leadership","authors":"Amidu Alhassan , Sana Rasheed , Ahmed Asad Raza , Bushra Murtaza , Azka Mujeeb , Ayesha Iqbal Mansoor","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trauma is a major public health concern, both omnipresent and burdensome. Trauma-informed care [TIC] is regarded as a multilevel approach that alters the way organizations perceive and address trauma. TIC has shown a beneficial impact on patient health, employee well-being, and institutional performance. Efforts to implement TIC necessitate leadership backing and the establishment of policies to guarantee consistent application. This review examines the implementation and sustainability of TIC in healthcare, focusing on its principles, role of leadership, challenges, and strategies. It aims to provide insights to enhance patient outcomes, support staff well-being, and foster a trauma-informed healthcare culture. TIC is a well-established framework for supporting trauma survivors and improving outcomes in emergency departments. Studies have shown that implementing TIC education programs can reduce the number of patients subjected to physical restraints and the overall time spent in restraints. Strategic leaders must develop standardized policies to guide the change process. Staff trained under certified programs provide better results in trauma-informed healthcare by influencing their knowledge, behavior, and beliefs. Organizational challenges include the need for repeated training and ongoing support. Community clinics face time constraints in consultations, financial constraints, and high patient turnover. Sustaining trauma-informed change requires systemic strategies that prioritize safety, empowerment, and collaboration. Supportive leadership empowers employees through shared decision-making and continuous training. Embedding TIC into organizational policies ensures sustainability by promoting safety, equity, and inclusivity. Future research should evaluate and refine TIC practices to build a stronger evidence base.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto Jarrin Lopez , Amartya Dave , Tejas Sathe , Hanmin Lee
{"title":"A surgeon’s primer on Unique Device Identifier (UDI) capture: Where do we stand on implant surveillance and how can we improve?","authors":"Alberto Jarrin Lopez , Amartya Dave , Tejas Sathe , Hanmin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Unique Device Identifier (UDI) system was developed to improve the identification and tracking of medical devices throughout their lifecycle. Despite its potential to enhance patient outcomes, streamline supply chain management, and facilitate swift responses to device recalls, widespread adoption remains limited. In the absence of regulatory policies enforcing standardized UDI practices, this paper underscores the critical role surgeons play in implementing and advocating for UDI’s utility within their institutions. By reviewing published roadmaps and playbooks, we highlight key steps for successful adoption. We examine case studies from early adopter institutions—Mercy Health, Duke University Health System, and Kaiser Permanente—that have successfully integrated UDI systems, demonstrating tangible benefits. Recognizing the barriers to nationwide UDI implementation as well as the unique role of surgeons at the intersection of patient care and device innovation, we conclude by proposing practical, actionable steps for surgeons to drive change within their institution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Msheik, Zeinab Al Mokdad, Reem Hmede, Rami Atat
{"title":"Advances in the understanding and management of multiple sclerosis phenotypes","authors":"Ali Msheik, Zeinab Al Mokdad, Reem Hmede, Rami Atat","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. This review synthesizes current understanding of multiple sclerosis subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic strategies. It highlights advances in imaging modalities and biomarkers that enhance disease characterization and monitoring. Clinically isolated syndrome and radiologically isolated syndrome are recognized as early indicators of multiple sclerosis, with specific magnetic resonance imaging features and cerebrospinal fluid findings aiding in diagnosis and prognosis. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis remains the most prevalent form, with many patients eventually progressing to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Recent years have seen a shift toward early aggressive therapy, with monoclonal antibodies like ocrelizumab and ofatumumab demonstrating significant efficacy in reducing disease activity. New oral agents and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation show promise, particularly in refractory or highly active cases. Siponimod and other selective S1P modulators are emerging as treatments for active SPMS, though therapeutic options for non-active progressive forms remain limited. Biomarkers such as neurofilament light are under investigation for their roles in early detection, subtype differentiation, and monitoring disease progression. This review underscores the growing role of precision medicine in multiple sclerosis, driven by improved diagnostics, individualized treatment approaches, and novel therapeutic targets</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anas Alnasser , Brett Williams , Cameron M Gosling
{"title":"How is professionalism measured in health care professions?","authors":"Anas Alnasser , Brett Williams , Cameron M Gosling","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This scoping study aims to explore the available literature, key concepts, and strategic approaches for measuring professionalism in the health sector. The central research question is: How is professionalism evaluated across various healthcare fields?</div><div>Professionalism is essential for quality care and trust within healthcare institutions. Understanding how it is measured can enhance healthcare delivery.</div><div>This review was conducted following the JBI approach and adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.</div><div>Electronic databases were systematically searched for articles published between 2005 and 2024. A total of 1,558 articles were identified, and after screening titles and abstracts, 44 papers were included for analysis.</div><div>The review revealed a diverse range of valid and reliable methods used to measure and describe professionalism in healthcare. Included studies utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches and spanned various contexts, highlighting the adaptability and robustness of measurement techniques.</div><div>The findings underscore the critical role of professionalism in delivering quality care and fostering trust in healthcare settings. Employing multiple measurement approaches is essential for effectively assessing healthcare personnel's behaviour, ultimately enhancing trust and service quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Impact of Vitamin C on Plasma Levels of Lipoprotein(a), Interleukin-6, and Fibrinolytic Activity” : A systematic review","authors":"Chetan Sharma, Dr. Claire Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of global mortality, primarily attributed to atherosclerosis-induced blockage in the coronary arteries. A key contributor to atherosclerosis is the accumulation of lipoprotein(a), which functions akin to vitamin C in vascular matrix healing. Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels correlate with increased Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and reduced fibrinolytic activities, further exacerbating atherosclerosis. This review aims to elucidate whether vitamin C supplementation mitigates lipoprotein(a) levels, and IL-6 expression, and enhances fibrinolytic activities in both humans (CAD patients, type 2 diabetic patients, and healthy adults) and animal models ( sepsis model of rats, transgenic mice, and wild type rats). A systematic search of Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to December 31, 2022, employing predefined selection criteria and a comprehensive search strategy. Of the 539 articles identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria, comprising 4 animal and 7 human studies. Animal trials demonstrated favorable outcomes with vitamin C supplementation, showing reductions in plasma lipoprotein(a) levels and decreased aortic accumulation of lp(a). Additionally, animals supplemented with vitamin C exhibited lower IL-6 production and enhanced fibrinolysis. Conversely, human studies reported no significant change in plasma lipoprotein(a) levels post-vitamin C supplementation (doses ranging from 500 mg to 4500 mg/day) in coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy cohorts. However, supplementation did reduce serum IL-6 levels and increase fibrinolytic activities in both CAD and diabetic patients at doses between 1000 mg and 2000 mg of ascorbic acid. Vitamin C deficiency is prevalent among atherosclerosis patients, prompting lipoprotein(a) accumulation to counter intravascular scurvy in the absence of ascorbic acid. This review underscores the positive effects of vitamin C on atherosclerosis-associated factors, including lipoprotein(a), IL-6, and fibrinolytic activities. Optimal benefits are observed within the range of 1000 mg to 2000 mg/day, with higher doses conferring no additional advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sella Zenitasari , Pipit Pitriani , Eugenius Phyowai Ganap
{"title":"Effects of pilates training on vaginal delivery outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sella Zenitasari , Pipit Pitriani , Eugenius Phyowai Ganap","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Labor pain and prolonged labor duration influence maternal well-being and birth experiences. Prenatal exercise has been widely recognized as a beneficial intervention to support maternal health and labor outcomes. Pilates, which focuses on improving core strength, flexibility, and body awareness, may contribute to reducing pain intensity and labor duration during vaginal delivery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of Pilates training on labor pain and the duration of labor. A comprehensive search was conducted by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews-Meta-Analysis) guidelines across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus up to January 2, 2024, including randomized controlled trials and cohort studies published between 2001 and 2023 in English or Indonesian. The primary outcome was labor pain measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the secondary outcome was total labor duration. A total of five studies involving 409 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis of three studies showed that Pilates significantly reduced labor pain (Mean Difference:1.13, 95 % CI:1.64 to - 0.61), though moderate heterogeneity was observed (I² = 68 %). Regarding labor duration, Pilates was associated with a substantial reduction (Mean Difference:97.84 min, 95 % CI:136.70 to -58.98) with negligible heterogeneity (I² = 0 %). However, moderate heterogeneity in pain reduction outcomes (I² = 68 %) suggests study variability, indicating a need for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadia Bari , Afroza Rahman , Md Anwar Hossen , KM Saif-Ur-Rahman
{"title":"Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor on metabolic syndrome in people with prediabetes and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sadia Bari , Afroza Rahman , Md Anwar Hossen , KM Saif-Ur-Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), offering benefits that extend beyond glycaemic control. This systematic review aims to examine the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on metabolic syndrome in individuals with prediabetes and obesity. We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (Core Collection), and Scopus. Title and abstract screening, data extraction, and risk of bias (ROB) assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. ROB was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.</div><div>Our meta-analysis did not show statistically significant reductions in body weight (mean difference: –3.05 kg; 95 % CI: –8.18 to 2.09), BMI (mean difference: –1.43 kg/m²; 95 % CI: –4.11 to 1.25), systolic blood pressure (mean difference: –2.12 mmHg; 95 % CI: –7.39 to 3.16), or diastolic blood pressure (mean difference: –1.04 mmHg; 95 % CI: –5.07 to 2.99) with dapagliflozin. However, a reduction was observed in fasting plasma glucose (mean difference: –0.47 mmol/L; 95 % CI: –0.90 to –0.05).</div><div>Although current findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin) may have little to no impact on individual components of metabolic syndrome, the evidence remains limited. Further well-powered clinical trials are warranted to validate these observations. Future research should focus on comparing the efficacy of different SGLT2 inhibitors and exploring their potential synergistic effects when combined with other pharmacological agents in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73214,"journal":{"name":"Health sciences review (Oxford, England)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}