Global pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"WHO strategies to improve child and adolescents health in Europe","authors":"Martin W. Weber,&nbsp;Michelle Black,&nbsp;Susanne Carai,&nbsp;Sophie Jullien","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Across Europe, the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents requires attention. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of mental health conditions has doubled, affecting 1 in 4 adolescents under the age of 18. Overweight and obesity are increasing: 1 in 3 primary school children are overweight or obese. Inequalities in weight and mental health are increasing in many countries, driven by socioeconomic circumstances. Reduction in child mortality, particularly of neonates, is stagnating in several countries, especially in Eastern Europe and Central Asia<strong>,</strong> and reversing in some.</p><p>To rally member states to action, WHO is developing a new regional Child and Adolescent Health Strategy. The development commenced in 2019 with the identification of problem statements of issues affecting children and adolescents. These were then converted into actionable standards. They were updated considering the COVID-19 experience and the effects of regional crises on children. Children and adolescents were engaged in the development of the strategy, to identify and take their priorities into account, and stakeholders inside and outside WHO were consulted, including pediatricians and their societies. During a Member States consultation, European countries will have the opportunity to review and revise the draft strategy before it will be presented to the WHO Regional Committee for Europe for adoption.</p><p>The main components of the strategy are: Early childhood development, school and adolescent health, strengthening health systems and improving quality of care, recognizing and acting on the needs of the most vulnerable and galvanizing societal action on the commercial, social, environmental and digital determinants of health affecting children and adolescents.</p><p>The strategy forms the basis for monitoring regional progress. It will enable the development of national child and adolescent health and wellbeing strategies and monitoring frameworks. The implementation of the strategy will enable children and adolescents to realize their right to physical, social and mental health and well-being in healthy and enabling environments, so that they can fully participate in shaping prosperous and sustainable societies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000836/pdfft?md5=288098ee25fb030858a0575c7a169f91&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000836-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal alterations in acutely ill malnourished Malawian children: A postmortem cohort study","authors":"Catriona M Ling ,&nbsp;Tewabu F Sheferaw ,&nbsp;Donna M Denno ,&nbsp;Dennis Chasweka ,&nbsp;Steve B Kamiza ,&nbsp;Jaume Ordi ,&nbsp;Christopher A Moxon ,&nbsp;Kim Kats ,&nbsp;Stanley Khoswe ,&nbsp;Emmie Mbale ,&nbsp;Frank Ziwoya ,&nbsp;Abel Tembo ,&nbsp;Charalampos Attipa ,&nbsp;Isabel Potani ,&nbsp;Peter K Kim ,&nbsp;James A Berkley ,&nbsp;Judd L Walson ,&nbsp;Wieger P Voskuijl ,&nbsp;Robert H J Bandsma","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To describe and compare liver mitochondrial and peroxisomal histopathology by nutritional status in children who died following hospitalization for acute illness in Malawi.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Liver tissue was collected using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling from eleven children under-five years old who died during hospitalization and were either non-wasted (<em>n</em> = 4), severely wasted (<em>n</em> = 4) or had edematous malnutrition (<em>n</em> = 3). Histology was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. Mitochondrial and peroxisomal ultrastructural features were characterized using electron microscopy (EM) and immunofluorescence (IF).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Hepatic steatosis was present in 50 % of non-wasted and severely wasted children and all children with edematous malnutrition. Edematous malnutrition was associated with 56 % and 45 % fewer mitochondria than severe wasting (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and no wasting (<em>p</em> = 0.006), respectively, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology compared to severe wasting (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and no wasting (<em>p</em> = 0.035). Peroxisomal abundance was reduced in edematous malnutrition compared to severe wasting (<em>p</em> = 0.005), but did not differ from no-wasting.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Edematous malnutrition is associated with reduced abundance and altered morphology of hepatic mitochondria and peroxisomes. Interventions targeting improvements in hepatic metabolic function may be beneficial in improving metabolism and reducing mortality in children with severe malnutrition, particularly in those with nutritional edema.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000678/pdfft?md5=87e26f9dff950cf0871d3d00073b7cc9&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000678-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Allergy and Food Intolerance – New Developments","authors":"Leyla Namazova-Baranova ,&nbsp;Kamilla Efendieva ,&nbsp;Julia Levina ,&nbsp;Vera Kalugina","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is crucial to accurately identify whether a patient's reaction to food is a result of a Food Allergy (FA) or Food Intolerance (FI), as this will determine the appropriate diagnosis and management plan. Medical practitioners should rely on verified diagnoses when discussing the prevalence of these conditions. Currently, obtaining a patient's clinical history, performing a skin prick test (SPT) or measuring serum specific IgE levels are typically the initial steps in diagnosing allergies. Additional methods, such as component-resolved diagnostics, basophil activation test (BAT) and oral food challenge (OFC) may be used, if available, to confirm the allergen causing symptoms when the results of first-line tests are equivocal or contradictory with history. Determining the prevalence of sensitization profiles to different allergens, considering geographical characteristics, is important for developing personalized therapeutic and preventive measures for children. Periodic reassessment of patients with FA through allergy tests and oral food challenges will allow for the possibility of reintroducing previously avoided foods if they develop tolerance over time and improve their quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000691/pdfft?md5=07795c4a32ad92ec848005265cdda8cb&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000691-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute pulmonary atelectasis in infants and its management","authors":"Jayalaxmi Shripati Aihole","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is commonly seen in the age group of 1–3years, is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. They are less commonly seen below one year, hence challenging to manage. Aspiration of organic FB (Foreign body) causes severe airway mucosal inflammation. If not promptly removed, chronic inflammation sets in leading to the development of granulation tissue around it, ultimately presenting as a lung infection and collapse. Author is reporting here two rare cases of acute atelectasis in infants and their management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266700972400068X/pdfft?md5=1632e99ac95b933ac4fe4c12862a0fa4&pid=1-s2.0-S266700972400068X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene therapy for rare haematological and neurometabolic paediatric diseases","authors":"Vera Gallo ,&nbsp;Alessandro Aiuti","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, gene therapy hast the potential to cure an increasingly greater number of monogenic inherited disorders with absent or limited treatment options, and radically change their natural history. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent one of the preferred targets for gene therapy, as genetic modification of multipotent cells ensures a permanent correction of the progeny. Gene-corrected HSCs and their progeny can also be used as cell vehicles to deliver molecules into the circulation and tissues, including the central nervous system or the skeleton. Major successes of this approach have been achieved in the field of monogenic blood disorders and neurometabolic diseases and several medicinal products have recently reached the stage of marketing approval by the EMA based on safety and efficacy data collected over more than 10 years of clinical trials. Gene therapy for these severe pathologies offers undeniable advantages over the sole alternative therapy of allogeneic transplantation because it can be applied to every patient, even when no matched HLA donor is available, reducing mortality and complications related to allogeneic transplantation, such as graft-versus-host disease, graft rejection, organ toxicity, and infections. Additionally, in neurometabolic diseases, gene therapy allows supra-physiological expression of the transgene, consequently producing supra-normal levels of the missing enzyme, providing a greater clinical benefit compared to allogeneic transplantation. Despite these remarkable achievements, several challenges remain for HSPC gene therapy regarding access to treatment and its sustainability for the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000642/pdfft?md5=0ccc863d2c64a0cc399dfdb1a7a1ac1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accident prevention","authors":"Aida Mujkić ,&nbsp;Jasmina Šeremet Zebec","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000599/pdfft?md5=c38bbabfa662b8afbffb0d79f404635b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000599-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The management of disability in children and adolescents","authors":"Aida Mujkić,&nbsp;Iva Lukačević Lovrenčić","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Children with disabilities are children 18 years or younger who have “long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others”. In a 2021 report, UNICEF estimated that there are 236.35 million (10.1 %) children with disabilities aged 0–17 years.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This review discusses how care management for children and adolescents with disabilities should be shaped to facilitate the coordination, integration, and continuity of care for this group, thereby improving their quality of life.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Method</h3><p>A desk review of the European and national strategic, legislative, and policy framework and a review of scientific literature related to the research area were carried out.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Care management for children and adolescents with disabilities requires a thorough analysis and understanding of many factors that shape the care processes. Care plans are an excellent tool for intertwining multiple perspectives of different experts, caregivers, and children/adolescents, intending to jointly shape short-term and long-term goals that will best strengthen the capacities of the child/adolescent and the caregivers and respond to their multidimensional needs. It is necessary to set goals within the current legal-administrative framework, taking into account the availability and quality of health care resources, therapy and rehabilitation programs, education, and social care, aiming to create an optimal model of social inclusion, financial, advisory, educational, and other support and to identify obstacles in the care path.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Individual approach, multidisciplinary cooperation, continuous education, and support for experts and caregivers, and thorough monitoring and evaluation of interventions are crucial in shaping optimal care for children and adolescents with disabilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000666/pdfft?md5=93b629fc4e05c924d234aed24aa79c89&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000666-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute kidney injury following neonatal sepsis: A case report in a Cameroonian setting","authors":"Andreas Chiabi ,&nbsp;Kate Kan ,&nbsp;Alex Mambap ,&nbsp;Christina Ntui ,&nbsp;Sankara Nykam ,&nbsp;Sandrine Ngeh ,&nbsp;Cecilia Fomenky ,&nbsp;Denis Nsame","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neonatal sepsis is a frequent disease affecting newborns worldwide. It can be life threatening causing multi-organ dysfunction. We present a case of a 28-day old neonate who was admitted for an acute kidney injury in the context of neonatal sepsis. Management was conservative and successful, and consisted of adequately treating the infection with antibiotics, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and judiciously administrating fluids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000575/pdfft?md5=e59434a6e0338240f4075f21e9dc90bd&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving primary health care for children and adolescents in Europe","authors":"Martin W. Weber,&nbsp;Sophie Jullien,&nbsp;Cassie Redlich,&nbsp;Jennifer Hall,&nbsp;Susanne Carai","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Primary health care for children in Europe is often not optimal. Primary care providers might not have been trained adequately in dealing with common conditions affecting children and adolescents, and outdated practices often persist. To address these problems, WHO developed the Pocket Book of Primary Health Care for Children and Adolescents<em>.</em> It is for use by doctors, nurses and other health workers who are responsible for the care of children and adolescents at the primary health care level. It summarizes guidance on how to manage – and when to refer – children and adolescents presenting with common complaints and conditions. It includes information to enable primary health care providers to coordinate the continued care of children and adolescents with long-term conditions and diseases managed by specialists. Preventive and promotive measures from the newborn period to adolescence include advice on the timing and content of well-child visits, the promotion of early childhood development and health messages for adolescents.</p><p>The recommendations of the Pocket Book apply across the WHO European Region and may be adapted by countries to suit their specific circumstances. A mobile APP for Android and IOS phones is available to facilitate uptake and dissemination. The Pocket Book and APP aim to improve quality of care for children and adolescents at the primary health care level. Quality of care is at the core of the comprehensive European Child and Adolescent Health Strategy that is being developed by Member States supported by WHO and partners to refocus attention on child and adolescent health after the COVID-19 pandemic had scooped attention and resources away from this age group. Countries are encouraged to adapt Pocket Book and Strategy to improve the situation of child and adolescent health and well-being in their settings and monitor progress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000629/pdfft?md5=fe0c03a0fe946d88ec93bc3bb79eb92a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year neurodevelopmental outcome in children with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection","authors":"Maria Novelli ,&nbsp;Elvira Caramuscio ,&nbsp;Fabio Natale ,&nbsp;Cristina Zitarelli ,&nbsp;Rosa Ferri ,&nbsp;Gianluca Terrin ,&nbsp;Barbara Caravale","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Infants with congenital CMV (cCMV) infection may show manifestations at birth and develop symptomatic disease, although the majority have no apparent clinical signs and should be considered asymptomatic (acCMV). Studies about neurodevelopmental and neurological sequelae in acCMV patients during childhood are few and contradictory, thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the neurological and neurodevelopmental outcomes in 1-year-old children with acCMV infections.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Thirty-five infants with acCMV infections were followed-up for 12 months and were compared to healthy children matched for age and gender. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) were administered, and neurological examinations were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Children with acCMV infection showed minimal to mild neurological signs and the score obtained from the Motor Scale was significantly lower than that of the control group. No significant differences between the two groups were found regarding the Cognitive and Language Scales.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Asymptomatic congenital infection of CMV may be associated with a decrease in motor skills that may become evident during the first year of life. Close monitoring is essential to determine if rehabilitative treatment is required for children with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (acCMV). Longer follow-up is necessary to provide further details about their neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000605/pdfft?md5=5ed5f4be61c036f1556bef5e997fbb40&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000605-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}