Global pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"The silent wounds of war: Psycho-physical impacts and international legal implications for children in conflict zones","authors":"Pietro Ferrara ,&nbsp;Margherita Zona ,&nbsp;Ida Giardino ,&nbsp;Francesca Scaltrito ,&nbsp;Clara Pettoello-Mantovani ,&nbsp;Ignazio Cammisa","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children exposed to war confront a distinct array of adversities that extend far beyond the immediate threats of violence and displacement. While the direct consequences—such as physical harm, the loss of loved ones, and the destruction of homes—are profoundly distressing, the more insidious and enduring damage often stems from the disruption of critical developmental processes. Armed conflict undermines the foundational elements required for healthy childhood development, including emotional security, consistent caregiving, education, accessible healthcare, stable social networks, and physical safety. The psychological impact of living in, or fleeing from, conflict zones infiltrates all aspects of a child's life. The breakdown of community infrastructure, forced displacement, and prolonged uncertainty severely limit opportunities for peer interaction, structured play, and social learning—experiences that are vital for shaping self-concept, empathy, and emotional regulation. In environments where fear, mistrust, and violence become normalized, children may struggle to form secure attachments or to envision a hopeful future. It is widely recognized that environmental and contextual factors exert a profound influence on children's developmental trajectories, encompassing cognitive, emotional, and physical domains. Research consistently highlights the role of neighborhood safety, access to healthcare and education, and socioeconomic stability in shaping developmental outcomes. At the neurobiological level, chronic exposure to stress activates regulatory systems such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which, when persistently engaged, can interfere with brain maturation. This dysregulation is often associated with impairments in memory, attention, language acquisition, and executive functioning, and with increased susceptibility to internalizing disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and attachment-related difficulties.</div><div>Physiologically, prolonged stress can weaken immune function, disturb sleep patterns, hinder somatic growth, and elevate the risk of both acute health problems and chronic diseases. The pervasive and multi-dimensional impact of war on children calls not only for academic inquiry but also for immediate ethical and policy responses. This article emphasizes that a nuanced understanding of trauma's effects across developmental systems is critical to inform targeted, trauma-responsive interventions.</div><div>The aim is to raise attention on the importance of establishing effective strategies, which must prioritize not only the treatment of individual symptoms but also broader efforts aimed at prevention and systemic recovery, thereby fostering resilience and contributing to the long-term rehabilitation of communities affected by conflict.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic assessment of pediatric scorpion envenomation using the non-invasive cardiac output monitor (ICON)","authors":"Manal Merbouh ,&nbsp;Houssam Eddine Sarhaoui ,&nbsp;Ennour idrissi iliass ,&nbsp;Youssef Mouaffak ,&nbsp;Said Younous","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Scorpion envenomation represents a significant public health challenge in Morocco and North Africa due to the severe complications it can cause. Among these, cardiogenic shock is particularly feared. This study focuses on the use of the non-invasive cardiac output monitor ICON to understand the hemodynamic profile of children admitted to pediatric intensive care for scorpion envenomation complicated by cardiogenic shock.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective study in the pediatric intensive care unit at Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech. Children aged 0 to 16 years admitted for scorpion envenomation were included. Using the ICON device, we measured several hemodynamic parameters upon admission and two hours after treatment. The children were divided into two groups: those who had received dobutamine prior to admission and those who received it upon admission.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 30 initially considered patients, only 8 were analyzed. The average age was 9.5 years. The results showed a significant improvement in hemodynamic parameters after the administration of dobutamine, including an increase in cardiac output and a reduction in vascular resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The conclusions of this study highlight the potential of the ICON monitor to improve the management of children in cardiogenic shock due to scorpion envenomation. The adoption of non-invasive techniques could transform the treatment and prognosis of these patients. However, further research with a larger sample size is needed to strengthen these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educating on differences to prevent violence gender-based (EDVIGE): a project for the primary prevention of gender-based violence during adolescence","authors":"Anna Libera Latino ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Vaccaro ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Volpicelli ,&nbsp;Michele Zamboni","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender-based violence is any act of violence based on gender that causes physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty. It represents a major global health issue.</div><div>Although this phenomenon most frequently manifests itself within emotional, familial, and/or friendly relationships, it actually concerns society as a whole. It must be considered a structural problem—not just a situational or emergency issue—and should be addressed with a scientific approach and through urgent, coordinated measures.</div><div>It is therefore essential to educate girls and boys from an early age to understand the importance of mutual respect, listening, and appreciation of others’ differences. They must be provided with tools to recognize and avoid gender-based violence.</div><div>The EDVIGE Project by the VìOLA Dauna Volunteer Organization proposes an operational model to raise awareness among students, teachers, and educators about the early recognition of risk factors and/or warning signs of gender-based violence, in order to prevent the psycho-physical and social consequences stemming from unhealthy relationships, both within and outside the family context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of multi-morbidity cluster for under five children in Tanzania","authors":"Marystella Vicent,&nbsp;Maurice C.Y. Mbago,&nbsp;Amina S. Msengwa","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite progress in child health interventions, anemia, malaria, and fever remain prominent public health concerns for children under five in Tanzania. Geographic variability may influence disease patterns, necessitating the identification of high-risk clusters to inform targeted interventions. This study aimed to assess the spatial clustering of these three conditions among Tanzanian under-five children using three nationally representative surveys.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, survey-based design was employed using data from the 2007–08 and 2011–12 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Surveys (THMIS) and the 2015–16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS). In total, 19,832 under-five children were included across the three surveys. Prevalences of anemia, malaria, and fever were determined, and spatial analyses were performed using STATA version 16, ArcGIS version 10.3, and SaTScan software. Moran’s I was calculated to test spatial autocorrelation, and the SaTScan Bernoulli model identified clusters with elevated risks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 5551 children from the 2007–08 THMIS, 6458 from the 2011–12 THMIS, and 7823 from the 2015–16 TDHS-MIS were analyzed. Anemia was the most prevalent condition, with rates ranging from 57.4 % to 69.7 %, followed by fever (18.6 % to 22.4 %), and malaria (9.3 % to 12.5 %). Spatial autocorrelation tests indicated non-random clustering for these conditions, with Moran’s I values ranging from 0.538 to 0.975 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). SaTScan analyses revealed recurrent high-risk clusters in Kigoma, Ruvuma, Lindi, and Mtwara across the three surveys. These clusters were statistically significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and highlighted persistent hotspots of childhood morbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study demonstrates pronounced spatial clustering of anemia, malaria, and fever among under-five children in Tanzania. Key regions including Kigoma, Ruvuma, Lindi, and Mtwara consistently emerged as hotspots. Targeted health interventions in these high-risk areas, including integrated approaches addressing multiple coexisting conditions, are critical for reducing disease burden and improving child health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The persistent shadow of disparity across the Atlantic: child health determinants and policy implications in Europe and North America","authors":"Antonio D’Avino ,&nbsp;Angel Carrasco-Sanz ,&nbsp;Anna Libera Latino ,&nbsp;Maria Pastore ,&nbsp;Ida Giardino ,&nbsp;Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani ,&nbsp;Francesca Scaltrito ,&nbsp;Domenico Adduce ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Grimaldi ,&nbsp;Luigi Nigri","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Child health serves as a critical barometer of a society's well-being, yet profound disparities persist globally, stemming from \"unequal beginnings\" rooted in socioeconomic, environmental, and systemic factors. This brief review examines the complex determinants of child health inequities across Europe and draws comparisons with the United States. In Europe, despite historical health gains, stagnation and widening gaps are observed in child mortality, chronic illnesses, and mental health, exacerbated by poverty, educational disparities, and fragmented healthcare systems. A significant barrier to effective policy is the pervasive lack of consistent and comparable child health data. In the United States, similar socioeconomic disparities are compounded by deep-seated racial inequities in healthcare access and quality, highlighting the pervasive influence of structural factors beyond insurance coverage. Emerging challenges, such as the escalating burden of mental health conditions, lifestyle-related diseases, and the disproportionate impact of climate change through \"systemic cooling poverty,\" present new complexities. Artificial intelligence offers transformative potential for pediatric care but also carries risks of exacerbating existing disparities if not ethically and equitably implemented. Addressing these multifaceted challenges necessitates a concerted, multi-sectoral approach, emphasizing child-centric integrated care, robust data systems, and sustained political commitment to dismantle the systemic roots of inequity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baby wipes with a mildly acidic, pH-buffering system provided better skin condition compared to cotton washcloth and water in two randomized clinical trials","authors":"Robert J. O’Connor ,&nbsp;Lisa Bohman ,&nbsp;Susanna Brink ,&nbsp;Andrew N. Carr ,&nbsp;Roger D. Gibb ,&nbsp;Ioannis Hatzopoulos ,&nbsp;Dirk Van Gysel ,&nbsp;Stephanie Christen-Zaech","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Two parallel studies compared the skin health effects of two different baby wipes products to the use of 100 % cotton washcloth and water (WCW). Two wipe products with lotions of 99 % purified water and acidic, pH-buffering systems were tested. The primary objective was to compare the wipes products to the WCW treatment based on severity of erythema, skin barrier integrity (Trans-epidermal Water Loss; TEWL) and pH of skin in the diapered area.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The two studies were prospective, randomized, blinded, parallel-design studies. The first study enrolled 110 babies approximately 3–9 months of age, and the second study enrolled 106 babies up to 36 months of age. The 14-day product use period was preceded by a 7-day washout period. Erythema grading was done at the perianal area, genitals, intertriginous areas, and the buttocks. TEWL and skin pH measurements were done at the genitals and buttocks, with an additional pH measurement taken at the perineum in the second study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both baby wipe products resulted in significantly lower erythema scores at the perianal region, with Wipe A also being significantly lower at the genital regions compared to WCW. Skin barrier integrity, measured by TEWL, was better for Wipe A at both 7 and 14 days of use with statistical significance achieved at day 14. No TEWL differences were seen for Wipe B versus WCW. Skin pH was significantly lower than WCW at both perianal region and genitals at both 7 and 14 days of use for both wipes, and at Perineum for Wipe B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on the results, the baby wipes were shown to be at least as mild as WCW to baby’s skin as measured by lower mean erythema scores and healthy barrier (lower or equal TEWL). The wipes may also provide potential long-term skin health benefits derived from a lower steady-state skin pH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental health changes following youth and adolescent excessive electronic media exposure: a systematic review","authors":"Devin Neumann,&nbsp;Logan Nauts,&nbsp;Jason Odisho,&nbsp;Alex Park,&nbsp;Kaylynn Moschke,&nbsp;Angela Sasaki Cole,&nbsp;Clark Brady,&nbsp;Anna Coleman","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Screen use, the use of a digital media device for entertainment purposes, has been increasing exponentially throughout the world over the last ten years. As children are being exposed to screens at younger ages, studies are being conducted to determine if and how these screens act as a benefit or detriment to development. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the link between excessive screen use on the development of children and adolescents worldwide. Specifically, this review examined how screens affect multiple aspects of development, including neurological development, social development, motor development, and language development. A search of relevant terms was conducted from three different databases, and articles published between 2014 and 2024 were included. Studies demonstrated that excessive screen use is correlated with poorer outcomes in various aspects of development, and these effects are found to be more significant in younger children. However, some articles mentioned positive outcomes of using specific <em>types</em> of media (i.e., cell phone use, television, videogames), while some articles mentioned that other types of media had less or no effect on a developmental outcome than another type of media. This trend was seen regardless of the geographical location of the study. There is a need for future studies to determine exactly how different types of screen use affect development in children, both to determine how screen use can benefit the health of children, and to for more specific clinical guidelines regarding screen time in youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising incidence of feticide, neonaticide, and infanticide in Pakistan: An emerging crisis","authors":"Muneeb Saifullah ,&nbsp;Fatima Yasin ,&nbsp;Mishal Ihsan ,&nbsp;Qasim Mehmood ,&nbsp;Syed Ali Ahsan ,&nbsp;Abbas M Mehdi ,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feticide, neonaticide, and infanticide are serious crimes under the law; however, they remain prevalent in South Asian countries, including Pakistan. Female feticide is much more common due to a preference for males based on social, economic, and cultural needs. Other contributing factors include poverty, Low literacy, honor killings, and unwanted or illegal pregnancies. Police rarely pursue these cases. This lack of accountability emboldens perpetrators and silences survivors. By improving education, health services, economic conditions, and legal accountability, Pakistan can begin to reduce the tragic incidence of feticide, neonaticide, and infanticide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pivotal role of mental health in child and adolescent development","authors":"Agnese Suppiej ,&nbsp;Isabella Longo ,&nbsp;Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental health in childhood and adolescence is a complex and evolving concept that goes far beyond the absence of mental illness. It involves achieving critical developmental and emotional milestones, building strong social skills that foster positive relationships, and cultivating resilience through effective coping strategies for life’s challenges. Recognizing mental health as a dynamic process, this view underscores its continuous evolution as young people grow and interact with their surroundings.</div><div>This commentary is prepared by the coordinators of the meeting on the importance of promoting child mental health, held on 9 November 2024 in Piazzola sul Brenta, Padua, Italy. The event was promoted and supported by the <em>GE Ghirardi Foundation</em> in collaboration with the Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations (EPA-UNEPSA), as part of the global initiatives marking World Mental Health Day 2024.</div><div>The initiative seeks to raise awareness—among healthcare professionals, educators, policymakers, and the wider public—about the essential role of mental health in the overall development of children and adolescents. The commentary provides a concise overview of the key determinants that support a healthy transition to adulthood and highlights the pressing need to protect and nurture the mental well-being of young people during this critical stage of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first thousand days: nourishing the developing brain for a lifetime of mental well-being. Narrative review","authors":"Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani ,&nbsp;Donjeta Bali ,&nbsp;Esra Sevketoglu ,&nbsp;Maria Pastore ,&nbsp;Mehmet Vural ,&nbsp;Ida Giardino","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}