Frontiers in radiology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the consistency of CT-based ventilation imaging under noise reduction processing with simulated quantum noise using a nonrigid alveoli phantom.","authors":"Shin Miyakawa, Hiraku Fuse, Kenji Yasue, Norikazu Koori, Masato Takahashi, Hiroki Nosaka, Shunsuke Moriya, Fumihiro Tomita, Tatsuya Fujisaki","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1567267","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1567267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have reported that quantum noise inherently present in CT images hinders the generation of CT-based ventilation image (CTVI), while quantum noise reduction approaches that do not affect CTVI have not yet been reported.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of noise reduction preprocessing on the accuracy and robustness of CTVI in relation to quantum noise present in CT images.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>To reproduce the quantum noise, Gaussian noise (SD: 30, 80, 150 HU) was added to each inhalation and exhalation CT image. CTVI_ref and CTVI_noise was generated from CT_ref and CT_noise. A median filter and the noise reduction by the CNN were also applied to the CT image, which contained the quantum noise, and CTVI_med and CTVI_cnn was created in the same manner as CTVI_ref. We evaluated whether the regions classified as high, middle, or low in CTVI_ref were accurately represented as high, middle, or low in CTVI_noise, CTVI_med and CTVI_cnn. Additionally, to evaluate the ventilation function of each voxel, we compared two-dimensional histograms of CTVI_ref, CTVI_noise, CTVI_med and CTVI_cnn.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Cohen's kappa coefficient and Spearman's correlation were used to assess the agreement between CTVI_ref and each of the following: CTVI_noise, CTVI_med, and CTVI_cnn.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CTVI_cnn significantly improved categorical consistency and voxel-level correlation of CTVI, particularly under high-noise conditions (150 HU), outperforming both CTVI_noise and CTVI_med.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CNN-based denoising effectively improved the accuracy and robustness of CTVI under quantum noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1567267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain tumor segmentation using deep learning: high performance with minimized MRI data.","authors":"Jacky Huang, Banu Yagmurlu, Powell Molleti, Richard Lee, Abigail VanderPloeg, Humaira Noor, Rohan Bareja, Yiheng Li, Michael Iv, Haruka Itakura","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1616293","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1616293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Brain tumor segmentation with MRI is a challenging task, traditionally relying on manual delineation of regions-of-interest across multiple imaging sequences. However, this data-intensive approach is time-consuming. We aimed to optimize the process by using a deep learning (DL) based model while minimizing the number of MRI sequences required to segment gliomas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We trained a 3D U-Net DL model using the annotated 2018 MICCAI BraTS dataset (training dataset, <i>n</i> = 285), focusing on sub-segmenting enhancing tumor (ET) and tumor core (TC). We compared the performances of models trained on four different combinations of MRI sequences: T1C-only, FLAIR-only, T1C + FLAIR and T1 + T2 + T1C + FLAIR to evaluate whether a smaller MRI data subset could achieve comparable performance. We evaluated the performance on the four different sequence combinations using 5-fold cross-validation on the training dataset, then on our test dataset (<i>n</i> = 358) consisting of samples from a separately held-out 2018 BraTS validation set (<i>n</i> = 66) and 2021 BraTS datasets (<i>n</i> = 292). Dice scores on both cross-validation and test datasets were assessed to measure model performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dice scores on cross-validation showed that T1C + FLAIR (ET: 0.814, TC: 0.856) matched or outperformed those of T1 + T2 + T1C + FLAIR (ET: 0.785, TC: 0.841), T1C-only (ET: 0.781, TC: 0.852) and FLAIR-only (ET: 0.008, TC: 0.619). Results on the test dataset also showed that T1C + FLAIR (ET: 0.867, TC: 0.926) matched or outperformed those of T1 + T2 + T1C + FLAIR (ET: 0.835, TC: 0.908), T1C-only (ET: 0.726, TC: 0.928), and FLAIR-only (ET: 0.056, TC: 0.543). T1C + FLAIR excelled in both ET and TC, exceeding the performance of the four-sequence dataset. T1C-only matched T1C + FLAIR in TC performance. Similarly<b>,</b> T1C and T1C + FLAIR also outperformed in ET delineation by sensitivity (0.829) and Hausdorff distance (5.964) on the test set. Across all configurations, specificity remained high (≥0.958). T1C performed well in TC delineation (sensitivity: 0.737), but the inclusion of all sequences led to improvement (0.754). Hausdorff distances clustered in a narrow range (17.622-33.812) for TC delineation across the configurations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DL-based brain tumor segmentation can achieve high accuracy using only two MRI sequences (T1C + FLAIR). Reduction of multiple sequence dependency may enhance DL generalizability and dissemination in both clinical and research contexts. Our findings may ultimately help mitigate human labor intensity of a complex task integral to medical imaging analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1616293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D-cranial T1-black-blood MRI in suspected giant cell arteritis-measurement of vessel wall thickness does not give a diagnostic advantage compared to visual scoring alone.","authors":"Pascal Seitz, Susana Bucher, Lukas Bütikofer, Britta Maurer, Harald Marcel Bonel, Fabian Lötscher, Luca Seitz","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1597938","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1597938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare two established scoring schemes for the 2D-T1-weighted \"black-blood\" MRI sequence (T1-BB) for superficial cranial arteries (SCA) in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten arterial segments were evaluated in T1-BB images with two different methods: a visual semiquantitative scheme (T1-BB-VISUAL) and a composite scheme that included both the semiquantitative assessment and a quantitative wall thickness measurement (T1-BB-COMP). The expert clinical diagnosis after ≥6 months of follow-up was the diagnostic reference standard. Diagnostic accuracy and agreement on the segment and patient levels were evaluated for the two different rating schemes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retrospectively, 151 consecutive patients with clinically suspected GCA were included. The study cohort consisted of 82 patients with and 69 without GCA. For the T1-BB-COMP and the T1-BB-VISUAL, the sensitivity was 81.7% vs. 87.8% (<i>p</i> = 0.025), the specificity was 91.3% vs. 88.4% (<i>p</i> = 0.16) and the proportion of correct diagnoses was 86.1% vs. 88.1% (<i>p</i> = 0.26), respectively. The overall agreement between the two methods for 1,201 rated arterial segments was very good at 91.6% with a kappa of 0.80. The agreement was higher for segments with a larger calibre than for smaller segments: common superficial temporal arteries 98.0%, occipital arteries 93.2%, frontal branches 89.8% and parietal branches 86.9%. The correlation of wall thickness measurements between readers was strong (Spearman's rho of 0.68). The time needed to apply the T1-BB-VISUAL was about half as long as for the T1-BB-COMP (4.5 vs. 8.95 minutes).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In suspected GCA, the additional measurement of the wall thickness of SCAs in 2D-T1-BB MRI does not lead to a better diagnostic performance compared to visual semiquantitative scoring alone. Visual scoring is preferred due to higher efficiency and reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1597938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Women in radiology: neuroimaging and neurotechnology.","authors":"Laura Elin Pigott, Katya Mileva, Laura Mancini","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1643898","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1643898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1643898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal lesions: a comprehensive radiologic overview.","authors":"Zahin Alam, Mohammed Usman Syed, Tausif Ahmed Siddiqui, Aditya Gunturi, Brij Reddy, Zarah Alam, Akm A Rahman","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1577840","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1577840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal lesions encompass a diverse range of pathologies, including primary and secondary tumors, infectious processes, vascular malformations, traumatic injuries, and degenerative conditions, each with distinct imaging characteristics crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Imaging plays vital roles in assessing lesion morphology, anatomical localization, and neurological impact, guiding clinical decision-making and therapeutic planning. This review systematically explores spinal lesions based on their anatomical compartments, highlighting key radiological features and providing a comprehensive reference for radiologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1577840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of CT angiography and echocardiography in the evaluation of chest findings in patients with interrupted aortic arch.","authors":"Zhanar Moldakhanova, Raushan Rakhimzhanova, Tairkhan Dautov, Lazzat Bastarbekova, Bauyrzhan Kaliyev, Assel Almussina, Aizhan Zhankorazova, Nurmakhan Zholshybek","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1616112","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1616112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly characterized by the absence of continuity between the ascending and descending aorta, often accompanied by congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus. Accurate preoperative imaging is essential for surgical planning and patient management. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography and computed tomography angiography (CTA) in evaluating thoracic findings in patients with IAA. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 58 patients (median age: 18 days) diagnosed with IAA between September 2020 and January 2023 at the Heart Center, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan. Conventional echocardiography and multislice CTA were performed using standardized protocols. Sensitivity, specificity, and other diagnostic performance metrics were calculated. Statistical comparisons were made using McNemar's and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, with <i>p</i> < 0.05 considered significant. Echocardiography correctly identified 91.4% of IAA cases, while CTA achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity. McNemar's test revealed a significant difference in diagnostic performance favoring CTA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Measurements of the ascending aorta diameter showed no statistically significant difference between the two modalities (<i>p</i> = 0.09). IAA was predominantly type A (48.3%) and type B (46.6%), with hypoplastic ascending aorta identified in 34.5% of patients. Echocardiography remains a practical initial imaging modality for IAA, offering portability and cost-effectiveness. However, CTA demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy and anatomical resolution, making it the preferred tool for detailed preoperative evaluation and surgical planning. Future studies with larger cohorts and additional modalities could further refine diagnostic strategies for IAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1616112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New technique for direct targeting of the ventral intermediate nucleus using magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound.","authors":"Juan Ángel Aibar-Duran, Rodrigo Akira Watanabe, Nathan J McDannold, G Rees Cosgrove","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1588379","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1588379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate targeting and lesion placement are critical in treating movement disorders with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS). Indirect atlas-based targeting often lacks precision. Direct anatomical targeting with 3T MRI offers a promising alternative. This report aims to refine MRgFUS thalamotomy by integrating advanced imaging and lesion conformality strategies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Preoperative and postoperative white matter null (WMn) MR-imaging was employed for direct Vim detection. Essential anatomical landmarks are identified. Dual-lesion conformality was used to adapt to the spatial distribution of the Vim.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lesions of the Vim were identifiable using the postoperative WMn MRI sequence. The direct visualization of the Vim usually avoids extension into the internal capsule and the sensory thalamic nucleus. Sagittal imaging confirmed the dual-lesion conformational strategy which conforms to the antero-superior orientation of the Vim.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Direct Vim targeting for MRgFUS is feasible for individual cases with the use of WMnMPRAGE MRI sequences. The use of lesion conformality adapts well to the anatomical and spatial distribution of Vim. Further studies will be needed to confirm the safety profile of this approach and correlate with clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1588379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Anomalous drainage vein sampling for diagnosing aldosterone-producing lesions undetectable by segmental adrenal venous sampling in a two-case series.","authors":"Hiromitsu Tannai, Sota Oguro, Hiroki Kamada, Yuta Tezuka, Yoshikiyo Ono, Kei Omata, Kei Takase","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1567779","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1567779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA). However, through conventional AVS, unilateral PA may be misdiagnosed as bilateral PA. Compared with conventional AVS, segmental AVS with additional sampling in adrenal tributaries can detect aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) with higher sensitivity. Herein, we describe two cases wherein high aldosterone levels were not detected through initial segmental AVS but were identified in anomalous drainage veins during the second AVS session. In Case 1, computed tomography (CT) during left adrenal arteriovenography revealed a fine renal capsular vein connecting an adrenal nodule to the third lumbar vein. Sampling in this vein during the second AVS revealed high aldosterone levels. The surgical specimen showed the presence of an 11 mm APA. Furthermore, Case 2 presented with bilateral small adrenal nodules; bilateral renal capsular vein sampling was performed during the second AVS session. The samples from the renal capsular vein connected to the renal vein revealed considerably high aldosterone levels. Left adrenalectomy revealed the presence of a 6 mm aldosterone-producing nodule. These cases highlight the importance of anomalous drainage vein sampling, the limitation of conventional and segmental AVS in diagnosing PA, and the utility of CT during adrenal arteriovenography for estimating the drainage route.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1567779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: A comprehensive case study on aggressive high-grade urothelial carcinoma of bladder that transforms into enteric-type adenocarcinoma along with an integrated treatment approach.","authors":"Neha Rahul, Manishimwe Jules, Induni Nayodhara Weerarathna, Anurag Luharia, Prashik Dube","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1586440","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1586440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer is a malignant tumour with a high morbidity and mortality rate in the world. Moreover, it is the most prevalent as well as commonly diagnosed in older individuals, with a median age of 73 years, and it has been reported that the most frequently seen histological type of bladder cancer was urothelial carcinoma. We present a unique case of a 44-year-old female with enteric-type adenocarcinoma, a rare and aggressive bladder cancer. Her symptoms included frequent micturition (Urination) and hematuria (blood in urine), at which point she was diagnosed with High-grade urothelial carcinoma. The malignancy worsened despite cycles of treatment requiring extensive surgery. After further tests, it was found that she had urothelial carcinoma with features of intestinal tissue (tissue of the intestine) and that the disease had infiltrated into nearby blood vessels and nerves. Radiation therapy was recommended to decrease the risk of local recurrence after surgery. The challenges in treating such a patient and the positive aspects this approach can give are highlighted in a case report.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1586440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Recent advances in pediatric neuroradiology.","authors":"Sahar Ahmad, Yunzhi Huang, Ye Wu","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2025.1632995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fradi.2025.1632995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1632995"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}