Frontiers in radiology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of metformin treatment on brain 18F-FDG uptake: a translational study.","authors":"Rubén Fernández de la Rosa, Gonzalo Cuesta Domingo, Pedro Nespral, Elena Marcos-Macías, Marta Vaillant, Luis García-García, Miguel Ángel Pozo, Jordi A Matias-Guiu, María Nieves Cabrera-Martin, Mirjam Brackhan, Pablo Bascuñana","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1917175","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1917175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Metformin is one of the most widely used drugs to control diabetes type 2. However, there is no indication of pausing metformin treatment before an ¹⁸F-FDG PET scan. The aim of this study is to evaluate if metformin, in both patients and mice, can alter brain ¹⁸F-FDG uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In vivo</i> ¹⁸F-FDG PET scans were carried out in male mice. Animals were treated with saline or metformin (300 mg/kg) 10 min before ¹⁸F-FDG or chronically (3 weeks) in drinking water. Separately, patients with non-pathological ¹⁸F-FDG brain scans were distributed into two groups: metformin-treated (<i>n</i> = 12) and control patients (<i>n</i> = 27). PET images were structurally normalized to brain templates, corrected to whole-brain activity, and compared using SPM12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In mice, acute treatment induced a significant hypermetabolism in several brain regions including hippocampus (1.07 ± 0.07 vs 0.94 ± 0.08; <i>p</i> = 0.0002) and thalamus (1.17 ± 0.08 vs 1.00 ± 0.08; <i>p</i> = 0.0002). Chronic treatment increased tracer uptake only in cortical regions. Similarly, treated patients showed hypermetabolism in the temporal lobe (1.03 ± 0.04 vs 0.97 ± 0.04; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and white matter and lower uptake in frontal cortical regions (1.24 ± 0.04 vs 1.28 ± 0.06; <i>p</i> = 0.0165). Linear regression to HbA1c showed a negative correlation to ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in frontal and parietal cortical subregions, but no correlation to temporal lobe uptake.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results show that metformin treatment might modify ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in temporal lobe structures. On the other hand, lower uptake in frontal cortex might be attributable to the diabetic condition. Thus, new studies modifying the treatment regimen in diabetic patients prior to performing an ¹⁸F-FDG PET are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1917175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of oedema findings on head CT in traumatic brain injury following road traffic accidents.","authors":"Diyou Chen, Wei Ma, Li Zhan, Hui Zhao, Kunlin Xiong","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1941750","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1941750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Existing CT-based prognostic models for traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not tailored to specific injury mechanisms and lack sensitivity to cerebral oedema changes. This study aimed to develop an assessment method for cerebral oedema and compare it with conventional CT scoring systems in predicting long-term outcomes in patients with TBI following road traffic accidents (RTAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 227 patients with TBI following RTAs admitted to a single center (2019.1-2023.12). A clinical prognostic model (IMPACT) was defined, comprising age, motor score, and pupillary light reflex. The A5 (+1) CT classification was defined based on the involvement of cerebral lobes by oedema and the resulting mass effect. The Marshall CT classification, Rotterdam CT score, Helsinki CT score, and A5 (+1) CT classification were added to the IMPACT model to assess their value in predicting outcomes using area under the curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AUC for A5 (+1) CT classification reached 0.849, surpassing Marshall CT classification (0.720, <i>p</i> < 0.001), Rotterdam CT score (0.745, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and Helsinki CT score (0.746, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Adding A5 (+1) CT classification to IMPACT model increased the AUC by 0.076 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Adding Rotterdam CT score increased the AUC by 0.038 (<i>p</i> = 0.028), while incorporating Marshall CT classification and Helsinki CT score yielded no significant changes (<i>p</i> = 0.138, <i>p</i> = 0.057).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The A5 (+1) CT classification outperforms conventional CT scoring systems in assessing long-term outcomes for patients with TBI following RTAs. Its inclusion in the IMPACT model enhances predictive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1941750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Value of MR relaxometry and spectroscopy in multimodal imaging characterization of limbic encephalitis in systemic sclerosis.","authors":"Florian Awin Stolz, Andrei Manzhurtsev, Marlene Bönstrup, Daniel Groener, Nico Melzer, Felix Rosenow, Elke Hattingen, Christophe Théo Arendt","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1945816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fradi.2026.1945816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system involvement is uncommon in systemic sclerosis, and inflammatory temporomesial syndromes in this context are rarely reported. We present a 58-year-old man with systemic sclerosis who developed subacute cognitive impairment and dialeptic seizures arising from the right temporal lobe. Video electroencephalography confirmed a right temporal seizure onset zone. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated enlargement and subtle T2 hyperintensity of the right hippocampus and amygdala, while fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography images showed focal hypermetabolism of the enlarged right amygdala. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated bilateral reduction of total N-acetylaspartate compared with an age-matched healthy reference subject, with a more pronounced difference on the right, a pattern compatible with bilateral, right-accentuated neuronal dysfunction or injury. MR relaxometry demonstrated significant bilateral T2 prolongation in the amygdalae and hippocampal heads, whereas T1 abnormalities were more region-dependent, involving the right amygdala and both hippocampal heads. Serum testing detected anti-pyruvate dehydrogenase antibodies, whereas routine clinical neural antibody testing was negative. The patient became seizure-free under antiseizure medication and immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide. Notably, although the unilateral conventional imaging findings did not meet the bilateral mesial temporal criterion required by current consensus criteria for definite autoimmune limbic encephalitis, MR relaxometry revealed bilateral temporomesial abnormalities. This finding is consistent with available neuropathological and experimental evidence and suggests that routine imaging may underestimate disease extent. This case highlights a rare presentation of antibody-atypical limbic encephalitis in the setting of systemic sclerosis and illustrates how multimodal imaging can support diagnosis and tissue characterization when routine antibody testing is unrevealing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1945816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale Gaussian product-of-experts for missing sequence multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation.","authors":"Seung Hoon Lee, Lun Matthew Wong, Tiffany Y So","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1868811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fradi.2026.1868811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and evaluate a unified framework for multiple sclerosis (MS) white matter lesion segmentation that operates robustly under clinically prevalent missing sequence magnetic resonance imaging conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose a multi-scale Gaussian product-of-experts framework (MG-PoE) integrated into nnU-Net, where sequence-specific inputs are independently processed through a shared encoder and parameterized as Gaussian experts before combination through precision-weighted product-of-experts (PoE) fusion at each encoder scale. The unified fusion rule handles different sequence configurations without requiring subset-specific architectures. The framework was systematically evaluated under different sequence configurations on diverse datasets (MSSEG2016, MS3SEG, and MSLesSeg24).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the five-sequence MSSEG2016, the proposed framework achieved the best overall performance compared to benchmark methods across all full-sequence and partially observed multisequence settings, with a mean Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.7029, a mean 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95) of 22.4030, and a mean Composite Score (CS) of 0.7235 across the 26 sequence configurations. On MS3SEG, MG-PoE achieved the highest mean DSC and CS across the full sequence and missing-sequence settings, with significant improvements over competing methods, while HD95 performance was generally comparable. In zero-shot evaluation on MSLesSeg24, the method achieved the best overall DSC and HD95 in the full sequence setting (DSC, 0.5566; HD95, 27.3729) and the best mean DSC, HD95 and CS across the missing-sequence settings (DSC, 0.5096; HD95, 30.5054; CS, 0.5811).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MG-PoE framework provides a unified approach to missing-sequence MS lesion segmentation, achieving favorable performance on independent datasets and providing initial evidence of cross-dataset robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1868811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Advances in emergency interventional radiology: techniques, outcomes, and future directions.","authors":"Francesco Tiralongo, Roberto Minici","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1986746","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1986746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1986746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From scanner to scalpel: adapting IDEAL for accountable AI in radiology and image-guided neurosurgery.","authors":"Jasleen Saini, Sunam Jassar, Scott J Adams, Saira B Alli, Errol Colak, Jefferson R Wilson","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1979076","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1979076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into clinical decision-making in radiology and image-guided neurosurgery, yet evidence generation, oversight, and accountability remain uneven across the technology lifecycle. Strong performance on curated test sets may not persist across institutions, scanners, patient subgroups, or changing clinical workflows. Existing reporting guidance, medical-device standards, regulatory requirements, and machine learning operations (MLOps) address important parts of this problem, but are not designed to serve as a unified, stage-gated clinical-evidence pathway across the full lifecycle. We propose IDEAL-AI, an adaptation of the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term study principles for clinical AI. IDEAL-AI organizes evidence generation across five stages and three concurrent domains: validation; governance, regulation, and ethics; and patient and system outcomes. It is intended to complement, not replace, established reporting guidelines, regulatory requirements, facility-level quality programs, and MLOps infrastructure. By separating retrospective model development from prospective live exploration, requiring prespecified technical, fairness, human-factors, and clinical endpoints, and extending evaluation through post-market surveillance, the framework offers a practical way to determine when an AI system is ready to progress. Success should be judged not by adoption speed or benchmark accuracy alone, but by reproducible clinical benefit for patients, clinicians, and health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1979076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13645749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric contrast-enhanced ultrasound in clinical practice: evidence maturity and workflow integration.","authors":"Han Yao, Xuejiao Li, Zhao Na, Xin Yi, Chenghao Zhanghuang","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1905765","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1905765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has become an important adjunct in pediatric imaging because it enables real-time assessment of microvascular perfusion without ionizing radiation and without nephrotoxic contrast media. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence and practical applications of pediatric CEUS, with emphasis on intravenous blood-pool CEUS, contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS), and selected luminal or hydrosonographic gastrointestinal applications. Literature was identified through targeted searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar, with priority given to pediatric-specific reviews, systematic reviews, consensus or implementation papers, and key original studies, supplemented by recent publications through March 2026. Current evidence is strongest for ceVUS, focal liver lesion characterization, and targeted CEUS for hemodynamically stable blunt abdominal trauma; in contrast, many non-hepatic abdominal, bowel, interventional, emergency, and critical-care applications remain center-dependent or exploratory and require more standardized pediatric validation. Among pediatric applications, ceVUS remains the most mature and reproducible, offering high diagnostic performance without radiation while also allowing detection of intrarenal reflux. However, evidence maturity differs substantially across indications, and regulatory heterogeneity, operator dependence, reimbursement barriers, differences in technology availability, professional training requirements, limited cost-effectiveness data, and the need for standardized protocols remain important implementation challenges. This review proposes an indication-specific evidence-maturity framework that distinguishes mature applications suitable for broader adoption from center-dependent applications requiring local expertise and local protocolization, and from emerging applications requiring stronger prospective validation. The framework is intended as a pragmatic, non-validated clinical organizing tool rather than as a formal evidence-grading system. Overall, CEUS is well positioned to expand within child-centered imaging pathways that seek to maximize diagnostic yield while minimizing radiation exposure, sedation, and procedural burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1905765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downstream evaluation of synthetic AI-generated T₁-weighted contrast-enhanced MR images in glioma segmentation and grading.","authors":"Dimosthenis E Gkotsis, Adam J Schwarz, Jan Wolber, Lehel M Ferenczi, Hongxu Yang","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1931738","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1931738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate synthetic T₁ weighted post-contrast MR images generated from non-contrast-enhanced MR images, using deep learning (DL) methods, for automated brain tumor segmentation and automated classification of glioma grade based on imaging characteristics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three DL models were developed for synthesizing T₁-weighted post-contrast MRI (T₁ce) images using a publicly available dataset: (1) a conditional neural field with shift modulation (CoNeS) model, (2) a denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM), and (3) a hybrid CoNeS + DDPM model. Five experimental settings were evaluated, incorporating combinations of real or synthetic T₁ce and pre-contrast images. Synthetic T₁ce images were evaluated in terms of image quality metrics, accuracy of tumor segmentation, and classification of cases into high-grade vs. low-grade glioma. Two classifier families were evaluated: (a) radiomics-based machine learning classifiers using random forest on extracted radiomic features, and (b) deep learning classifiers employing a convolutional neural network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined CoNeS + DDPM model performed best in image quality and similarity metrics on the test set. Bootstrap analysis revealed that radiomics-based ML and deep learning-based classifiers exhibited distinct characteristics, each of which outperforming the other in different metrics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study demonstrates significant advances in medical image AI synthesis by integrating stable diffusion and conditional neural fields, improving the overall quality of synthetic T₁ce images. Nonetheless, synthetic images generated solely from pre-contrast sequences failed to consistently reproduce clinically relevant glioma features. As a result, current AI-generated T₁ce images still lack the diagnostic fidelity required to replace true contrast-enhanced imaging in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1931738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of delayed air leakage following radiofrequency ablation for non-small cell lung cancer: a case report.","authors":"Luca Frasca, Ilaria Suriano, Antonio Sarubbi, Filippo Longo, Vincenzo Canalella, Eliodoro Faiella, Rosario Francesco Grasso, Pierfilippo Crucitti","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1815270","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1815270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the case of a 68-year-old male with a history of urothelial carcinoma and severe emphysema who developed a delayed pneumothorax following CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of a pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. Conservative management with chest drainage failed to resolve the air leak. Surgical revision via uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (UVATS) allowed identification of a necrotic subpleural lesion with active air leakage. Hemostatic and sealing agents (Hemopatch® and Tisseel®) were applied with long-term resolution of the complication. This case underscores the importance of surgical intervention in selected cases of persistent air leak post-RFA and the potential efficacy of biologic sealants when resection is not feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1815270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory evaluation of spinopelvic and lumbar parameters in adolescent athletes with isthmic spondylolisthesis: feasibility and reliability of upright MRI compared to radiography.","authors":"Michael Cassel, Theresa Joost, Chase Slater, Frank Mayer, Tilman Engel","doi":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1929174","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradi.2026.1929174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Isthmic spondylolisthesis is prevalent among adolescent athletes (AA). Upright MRI (uMRI) offers a radiation-free alternative to radiographs, combining imaging of the loaded spine with detailed depiction of the adjacent structures. This study evaluates the feasibility and intra-rater measurement repeatability of spinopelvic and lumbar parameter assessment in AA using uMRI and radiography, as well as cross-modality agreement between both imaging techniques.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Lumbar sagittal T2-weighted low-field uMRI and lateral standing radiographs from 38 AA with isthmic spondylolisthesis were retrospectively reviewed. Cases of both imaging techniques without motion artifacts, performed within one year, presenting the lumbar spine and spinopelvic junction were included. Spinopelvic and lumbar parameters [e.g., anterior translation (AT)] were determined. Relative reliability was measured by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Absolute reliability measures included standard error of measurement (SEM), test-retest variability (TRV), minimal detectable change (MDC), and Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Images from 16 AA (13.5 ± 1.8years; 159 ± 7 cm; 50 ± 9 kg) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data exclusion mainly occurred due to time discrepancy (<i>n</i> = 9) and poor image quality (<i>n</i> = 8). Relative reliability ranged from 0.89 to 0.95 for radiographs, 0.61 to 0.94 for uMRI and from 0.61 to 0.88 between the methods. Absolute reliability showed lower variability for radiographs (SEM: 3-8%; TRV: 5-14%, AT-MDC: 1.4 mm) compared to uMRI (SEM: 2-29%; TRV: 9-49%; AT-MDC: 2.0 mm) and between methods (SEM: 4-34%; TRV: 11-46%; AT-MDC: 3.2 mm).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>On evaluable images, uMRI demonstrated moderate-to-excellent intra-rater measurement repeatability for several parameters. However, cross-modality agreement with radiography was variable and does not support interchangeability between the two modalities. uMRI may therefore represent a complementary radiation-free imaging modality for selected patients and parameters, pending prospective validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73101,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in radiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1929174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}