Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Current treatment strategies and integrative medicine for management of pain in sickle cell disease.","authors":"Kimberlei A Richardson, Gabrielle Lynn McLemore, Keesha Powell-Roach, Kalpna Gupta","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1621147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2025.1621147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1621147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The heating rate matters! contact heat evoked potentials in musicians and non-musicians.","authors":"Fabian Sternkopf, Paulina S Scheuren, Catherine R Jutzeler, André Lee","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1555034","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1555034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classical musical training requires extreme levels of fine motor control, resulting in adaptive neuroplastic alterations in professional musicians. Additionally, musicians have a high prevalence of pain syndromes, which makes them an interesting group to research the influence of neuroplasticity on nociception. This report consists of two parts. Firstly, we present the results of a preliminary study comparing musicians and non-musicians with respect to their cortical responses to noxious heat stimuli at their hands and feet, using contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs). Secondly, we quantitatively discuss the influence of the heating rates of two different stimulation devices on CHEPs when applying the exact same settings. For this, we measured the temperature curves of the devices' stimuli and connected their respective heating rates to the resulting CHEPs. Musicians showed a significantly larger <math><msub><mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> latency difference between hands and feet (20.86 ms, <math><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0045</mn></math> ), compared to non-musicians. Additionally, we found that, despite the exact same settings, different stimulation devices produced considerably different temperature curves. The resulting time difference between the stimulation devices of 104.78 ms explains the latency difference of the CHEPs produced by the respective device of 104.09 ms extremely well. This study underlines that musicians are an interesting model for neuroplasticity regarding nociception, as they respond differently to nociceptive stimuli. Moreover, it contributes to the understanding of the connection between a stimulation device's heating rate and the resulting CHEPs, an important finding that has never been quantified before but has considerable consequences on the comparability of results.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1555034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory processing in medically unexplained pain syndrome. A systematic review.","authors":"Nicole Quodling, Norman Hoffman, Frederick Robert Carrick, Monèm Jemni","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1584227","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1584227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain is inherently multifactorial, with biological, psychological and social factors contributing to neuropathic pain (NP) and central sensitization (CS) syndromes. Comorbidity between functional disorders and the lack of clinical biomarkers adds to the challenge of diagnosis and treatment, leading to frustration for healthcare professionals and patients. The main objective of this review is to investigate the association between NP, CS syndromes and sensory processing disorders. A structured search was conducted on the PubMed database using the keywords Central Sensitization, Fibromyalgia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, and Neuropathic Pain, combined with the keywords Vision, Audition, Olfaction, Touch, Taste, and Proprioception. PubMed was chosen because it is accessible and user-friendly. Articles within the last five years, from 2018 to 2023, have been included. 380 studies on conditions of CS and sensory processing were identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number of retained papers was 78. There were a few emerging themes. Reduced sensory thresholds were found to be comorbid with chronic pain conditions, particularly those with a component of CS. Both cranial nerve and sensory evaluation examinations may prove helpful as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and for potential treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1584227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread pain syndrome in long COVID-19: melatonin as an adjuvant treatment.","authors":"Amine Souissi, Pablo Prieto-González, Helmi Ben Saad","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1609095","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1609095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long coronavirus disease 2019 (LC19) represents a complex global health challenge. Survivors frequently report persistent problems like widespread pain syndrome (WPS), cognitive dysfunction, cardiovascular complications, and sleep disturbances. These health problems, which are worsened by oxidative stress and inflammaging, open the prospect of treatment strategies targeting these mechanisms. Melatonin is a potential option for treating LC19 problems because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pain-modulating properties. Melatonin targets shared pathological pathways, offering a promising approach to reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine dysfunction. The present mini-review explores the therapeutic potential of melatonin in the treatment of LC19, focusing on its effects on WPS and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1609095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain assessment on a numerical scale with uncertainty intervals: a proof-of-concept simulation study.","authors":"Markus Huber, Ulrike Stamer","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1555185","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1555185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reliable and validated scores assessing pain-related outcomes are an essential component of pain management. Point estimates, e.g., on the numeric rating scale (NRS), are widely used. Given the broad spectrum of physiological and psychological factors involved in a patient's pain experience, these point estimates entail inherent uncertainty. To account for this uncertainty, we propose a statistical framework featuring uncertainty intervals on a numerical scale assessing pain intensity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe a non-parametric statistical method to estimate the effectiveness of a pain intervention when patients provide an uncertainty interval of pain intensity rather than a single point estimate. We consider pain intensities on a generic numerical pain scale (NPS) ranging from 0 to 10 and illustrate the method's performance with proof-of-concept simulation studies and sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The simulation studies demonstrate that the non-parametric method can derive correct estimates of the average treatment effects in idealized settings. Importantly, the method can represent the traditional pain assessment with point estimates when the widths of the uncertainty intervals are gradually decreased toward the mean of the uncertainty interval.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We proposed a new statistical framework to account for patient-specific uncertainties in pain intensity as measured on a numerical scale. The clinical importance of the method lies in its ability to reflect the large heterogeneity of individual pain experiences and the possibility of investigating pain-related aspects that go beyond a traditional pain assessment with point estimates. Future clinical studies are required to assess the method's clinical validity and utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1555185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the efficacy of percutaneous lumbar disc radiofrequency ablation for lumbar disc herniation.","authors":"Xin Zhao, Jialei Zhang, Jing Li, Kai Cao, Jie Wu","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1543317","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1543317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the predictive value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in the prognosis of patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) undergoing Percutaneous Intradiscal Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation (PIRFT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 121 patients with LDH undergoing PIRFT treatment were selected, ranging in age from 35 to 65 years old, with no gender restrictions. Blood samples were collected in the morning after admission while fasting, and the absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in the blood were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to calculate the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). Patients were divided into two groups according to the modified Macnab criteria: the Effective group (E group) and the Invalid group (I group). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were used to assess the pain level and activity ability of the patients before treatment and at 90 days and 180 days post-treatment. The correlation between NLR and ODI, JOA scores was analyzed using rank correlation analysis, and the predictive value of NLR for the therapeutic effect of PIRFT was analyzed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 121 patients were ultimately enrolled. Based on the follow-up results at 90 days post-surgery, there were 110 cases in the effective group (E group) and 11 in the ineffective group (I group). The results showed that before treatment, the NLR levels in the E group were significantly lower than those in the I group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in ODI and JOA scores between the two groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Ninety days after treatment, the NLR levels in the I group remained significantly higher than those in the E group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and the E group's ODI and JOA scores showed significant improvement compared to before treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In contrast, the I group only showed improvement in ODI scores (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with no significant change in JOA scores (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Additionally, the I group's ODI scores were significantly higher than those of the E group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and their JOA scores were significantly lower than those of the E group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). All patients in the I group underwent a second radiofrequency ablation treatment. A comparison was made again after 180 days of treatment, and there were no significant differences in NLR levels between the two groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Both groups showed improvement in ODI and JOA scores compared to before treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with no significant differences between the groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Rank correlation analysis showed that preoperative NLR levels were positively correlated with ODI scores at 90 days after PIRFT treatment (<i>r</i> = 0.386, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and negatively correlated w","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1543317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a pain education program for people with spinal cord injury who experience neuropathic pain.","authors":"Nicholas P Cherup, Kimberly D Anderson, Marlon L Wong, Gabriel E Fernandez, Linda E Robayo, Kathryn Roach, Roberta Vastano, Eva Widerstrom-Noga","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1569446","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1569446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuropathic pain is common after spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite the availability of various treatments, many report inadequate pain relief, and various side effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary purpose of the current study was to explore participants' perspectives on a brief, four-week virtual pain education program and second to evaluate any effects on pain and psychosocial factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 36 participants with SCI who experienced moderate to severe neuropathic pain and explored their perspectives on the pain program using qualitative interviews and evaluated a small set of self-reported pain outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis and coding of the qualitative interview data resulted in two primary overarching themes: <i>Benefits of pain education and Content and delivery of pain education.</i> The <i>Benefits of pain education</i> theme was further analyzed and divided into 6 subthemes: Learning about pain and treatment options in general, Learning from and interacting with peers, Learning about non-pharmacological approaches and ways to self-manage pain, Learning about pathophysiology of pain, Learning about pain medication, and Improving communication about the lived experience with pain. Under the main theme of <i>Content and delivery of Pain Education,</i> there were three subthemes: Positive, No effect or negative, and Change suggestions. Specifically, participants reported having a better understanding about treatment options, how their peers managed their pain, and the underlying causes and types of pain. Participants also perceived that this knowledge would improve their ability to talk to others about their pain. Participants mentioned the topics discussed and the small group interactive settings as positive aspect of the education, although some did not benefit or felt that focusing on pain made pain more obvious to them. The overall benefit was consistent with small but significant improvements in perceived pain interference with daily activities and difficulty in dealing with pain (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, these findings suggest that a brief, virtually administered pain education program in a small group setting may be a positive addition to an interdisciplinary pain program. Future research should continue to develop and individually tailor such programs in this population, as these approaches are low-cost and easily accessible.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1569446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling chronic pain interconnections using Bayesian networks: insights from the Qatar Biobank study.","authors":"Aisha Ahmad M A Al-Khinji, Dhafer Malouche","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1573465","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1573465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examines the interdependencies among different chronic pain locations and their relationships with age and gender, critical for effective clinical strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Bayesian network approach was applied to 2,400 adult participants (18+ years; 50% male, 50% female) from the Qatar Biobank (QBB). Participants were categorized into young (18-35 years, 40.9%), middle-aged (36-60 years, 50.6%), and seniors (61+ years, 8.5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model identified direct and indirect associations among pain locations and demographic factors, quantified by odds ratios (ORs). Younger females had the highest probability of headaches or migraines (48.6%) compared to younger males (31.2%), with probabilities decreasing across age (OR 1.917; 95% CI 1.609-2.284). Hand pain strongly correlated with hip pain (OR 8.691; 95% CI 6.074-12.434) and neck or shoulder pain (OR 4.451; 95% CI 3.302-6.000). Back pain was a key predictor of systemic pain, with a 37.9% probability of generalized pain when combined with hand pain (OR 7.682; 95% CI 5.293-11.149), dropping to 6.6% for back pain alone. Age, back pain, and foot pain collectively influenced knee pain, which reached 72.7% in older individuals with foot and back pain (OR 4.759; 95% CI 3.704-6.114).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These Bayesian network parameters explicitly reveal probabilistic interdependencies among pain locations, suggesting that targeted interventions for key anatomical regions could effectively mitigate broader chronic pain networks. The model also elucidates how demographic predispositions influence downstream pain patterns, providing a clear and actionable framework for personalized chronic pain management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1573465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-adaptative and adaptative management of multimorphic cancer pain: the keys to optimizing the patient's journey.","authors":"Julie Fulcrand, Hélène Dewaele, Guillaume Gourcerol, Florian Scotté, Denis Dupoiron, Alexis Burnod, Antoine Lemaire","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1574254","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1574254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of patients living with cancer has increased and their management has dramatically changed, resulting in major survival improvement. Thus a new paradigm arose with a focus not only on cancer treatments but also on maintenance of the best possible quality of life. Cancer pain is frequent and remains insufficiently relieved, highlighting the gap between theory and real life, scientific skills, and their application. Cancer pain is multimorphic, complex, multifaceted, and changes over time from diagnosis until cure or palliative situations. These modifications result from the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that create disruptions along the cancer care pathway. Pain screening must be systematic, and performed by any healthcare professional in contact with cancer patients at any time, in any context. Pain management must be individualized and adapted to each patient, anticipated whenever possible by identifying disruptive factors. The classical stepwise process should be abandoned in favor of an integrated model where supportive care and, in particular, pain management, is an integral part of cancer care from diagnosis to survivorship. Interdisciplinary management is necessary, requiring efficient teamwork led by a conductor. As supportive care plays a key role, it must be implemented in an early and timely manner, taking into account different aspects of the patient's life including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1574254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedside ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block with corticosteroids and lignocaine for knee osteoarthritis improves pain and participation, and is safe in inpatient rehabilitation: a retrospective case series.","authors":"Edmund J R Neo, Trier T N Lau, Khin Yamin Thein, San San Tay","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1601708","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1601708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder that causes significant pain and disability. It can affect individuals undergoing inpatient rehabilitation, interfering with their participation in therapy and clinical improvement. While there are various treatment options available for this condition, such as the intra-articular corticosteroid injection, not all patients are suitable and symptoms may persist despite multimodal analgesia. The ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block (US GNB) induces analgesia by targeting the genicular nerves around the knee, and has emerged as a safe and effective intervention option. This is the first effort to document its application in the inpatient rehabilitation setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective case series. We reviewed the medical records of inpatients undergoing rehabilitation who underwent the US GNB for disabling knee OA between July 1, 2022, and August 31, 2023. The primary outcome was improvement in rehabilitation participation based on physiotherapist notes in the week following the procedure. Secondary outcomes were pain by visual analogue scale (VAS), ambulation distance, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), at pre-discharge, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up timepoints. Safety and adverse events were also retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine patients were consented for recruitment in our study. Eight of them showed improvement in pain and/or participation in therapy. There were significant improvements in VAS scores (median change -3) and improvements in ambulation distance (median increase 8 m) between pre-injection and pre-discharge phases. However, these did not persist at the longer follow-up visits. There were no serious adverse events although 3 patients had recurrent pain at later dates, and required further procedures or surgical referral.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The US GNB is safe to perform for inpatients undergoing rehabilitation who experience pain from knee OA. We found that in nearly all patients, there was clinical improvement in their pain and participation in therapy. It can be an effective alternative when other analgesia options are less desirable or available, and can help to keep patients progressing on the road to recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1601708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}