Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Low-intensity focused ultrasound of the spine in the treatment of chronic pain and movement disorder: a scoping review.","authors":"Kyung Seol, Brian Hong, Nicolas Kelhofer, Suguna Pappu, Michael Oelze","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1606672","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1606672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (LIFU) is a noninvasive and nondestructive neuromodulatory method with growing evidence for the safe and effective treatment of chronic pain. However, the effect of LIFU applied to the spine region, including the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, is not well understood. In this work, we review current advances in LIFU of the spine region for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain and movement disorders to explore potential clinical applications and indicate a direction for future study. To assess the current state of LIFU application to pain modulation over the spinal cord region, a systematic search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and citation matching through December 17, 2024. Inclusion criteria were English language, non-tissue-damaging ultrasound neuromodulation, intervention over the spinal cord region, and relation to neuropathic pain. Exclusion criteria were existing review papers, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, tissue-destructive ultrasound treatments, non-focused ultrasound, and <i>in vitro</i> experiments. Preliminarily, title and abstract screening identified 15 studies, all using animal models. While results varied with different target sites and ultrasound parameters, LIFU was found to reduce allodynic response and suppress movement disorders such as spasticity and tremor. There are limited animal studies and no completed human clinical trials that analyze the effect of LIFU on spinal neural tissue. Further, there has not been a study that aims to optimize ultrasound parameters in the spine region or a thorough investigation correlating targets in the spinal regions to the desired outcome. We reviewed the current understanding of LIFU of the spine region for treating chronic pain, spasticity, and tremors to identify current advances and gaps in the literature. Our review highlights the need for further study in the efficacy and safety of LIFU applied to the spinal region of animals and humans, given the wide variation in sonication parameters, inconsistent treatment effects, and unexplored mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1606672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12209223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of pain sensitivity by tDCS using different anodal connector locations: a single-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled study.","authors":"Shang-Yueh Tsai, Yi-Ru Lin, David M Niddam","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1533962","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1533962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) depends on various stimulation parameters. With rectangular electrodes, the location of the wire connector may affect the electrical field relative to the underlying target area. Here, we examined longitudinal changes in pain sensitivity and GABA levels in response to tDCS using standard rectangular (5 × 7 cm) electrodes and two different anodal connector locations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled study, 53 healthy volunteers were assigned to one of 4 groups, receiving either real tDCS or sham tDCS, with the anodal connector oriented either superior-medially or ventral-laterally. tDCS was delivered on 5 consecutive days with the anode and cathode placed over the left primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, respectively. Pain detection thresholds (PT) and moderate pain thresholds (MPT) of the right index finger and GABA levels from the bilateral SM1 were obtained prior to tDCS, after 5 tDCS sessions, and after 6 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Superior-medial oriented tDCS significantly increased both pain thresholds at day 5 and at 6 weeks, whereas ventral-lateral oriented tDCS or sham tDCS did not. At day 5, MPT was significantly increased when comparing superior-medial oriented tDCS with sham tDCS. At week 6, both thresholds were significantly increased when comparing superior-medial oriented tDCS with ventral-lateral oriented tDCS and MPT was also increased when comparing superior-medial oriented tDCS with sham tDCS. GABA levels did not differ between time-points or between groups and no association was found between baseline GABA levels in the stimulated hemisphere and change in pain thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>tDCS-induced long-lasting changes in pain sensitivity may depend on the location of the wire connector when using a rectangular anode. A greater pain modulatory effect may be induced when the connector is aligned superior-medially along the central sulcus.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1533962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of a German version of the Activity Patterns Scale (APS-GE) in a large sample of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.","authors":"Anne Kästner, Margarete Donhauser, Inga von Freytag-Löringhoff, Frank Petzke","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1570432","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1570432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acknowledging the multidimensionality of pain-related activity patterns led to the development of a new self-report instrument, the Activity Patterns Scale (APS), linking activity pacing to underlying goals. Owing to the scarcity of validated instruments assessing different dimensions of pain-related avoidance, persistence, and pacing behaviors in Germany, our aim was to develop a German version, the APS-GE and to evaluate its psychometric properties in a representative sample of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The APS was translated and culturally adapted following the multistep approach recommended by the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons Outcomes Committee. A comprehensive psychometric evaluation was carried out in 579 patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain. To assess test-retest reliability, the APS-GE was administered twice to a subgroup of patients. Structural validity was tested using covariance and confirmatory factor analysis. To investigate construct and criterion validity, hypotheses were formulated based on the existing literature addressing expected correlations between APS-GE subscales and established questionnaires, and correlations between activity patterns and several functional and psychological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Activity patterns varied regarding their test-retest stability. Factor analysis confirmed the multidimensional 8-factor structure proposed previously. For most APS-GE subscales, acceptable construct validity was demonstrated. Interestingly, only 62.5% of hypotheses describing expected associations of activity patterns with functional and psychological outcomes (criterion-related validity) could be confirmed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The APS-GE appears to be a change-sensitive instrument for the multidimensional assessment of pain-related activity patterns. Remaining conceptual ambiguities should be reevaluated in future studies. Discrepancies to previous investigations regarding the adaptivity of activity patterns could be due to methodological variations across studies. Preliminary implications for putative motivational mechanisms underlying behavioral dimensions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1570432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12202367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and biochemical changes associated with the analgesic effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine alone and in combination with meloxicam following disk puncture in mice.","authors":"Vaskar Das, Isabella Milejczyk, Michael B Basovich, Mario Moric, Jay Kaila, Craig J Thomas, Asokumar Buvanendran, Robert J McCarthy","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1574474","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1574474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low back pain affects around 619 million people globally and is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition worldwide. Low back pain is often difficult to treat with traditional drug combinations, and opioids are prescribed for up to 60% of patients with debilitating low back pain. This study aimed at characterizing the analgesic effect of (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine, an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor dependent analgesic agent, alone or in combination with meloxicam in a murine lumbar disk puncture model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female C57BL/6J mice underwent lumbar disk puncture and developed tactile allodynia. At day 7 postoperatively, mice were randomized to receive intraperitoneal saline, (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine, meloxicam or both drugs co-administered for 3 consecutive days. Analgesia was assessed at baseline and 24 h following each injection using von Frey testing of both hind limbs and the area under the paw withdrawal curve (AUC_0-3d) was determined. Brain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglion tissues were obtained for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prior to disk puncture paw withdrawal thresholds were 3.44 ± 0.51 g before surgery and were reduced to 0.54 ± 0.38 g at day 7 without a difference by sex; however, sex-specific responses were evident in other behavioral outcomes. EC₅₀ estimates for (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine were 14.2 mg/kg (95% CI: 10.3 mg/kg to 19.7 mg/kg) in male and 16.9 mg/kg (95% CI: 12.8 mg/kg to 22.3 mg/kg) in female mice (<i>P</i> < 0.637). (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine plus meloxicam enhanced the analgesic effect on the AUC_0-3d of meloxicam alone. (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine analgesia was associated with increases in Glutamate receptor A1 & A2, p-Kv2.1, p-CaMKII and reduced BDNF protein ratios in the hippocampus, attenuated c-Fos in the spinal cord, and decreased BDNF at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that the analgesic benefit of (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine is dose dependent, protein analysis suggests that (2R,6R)-HNK analgesic is associated with augmenting GluA1, GluA2, CaMKII, Kv2.1 and a reduction in BDNF protein ratios in hippocampus, decreased spinal cord c-Fos and reduced BNDF at the dorsal root ganglion. (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine also augmented meloxicam analgesia in disk puncture mice. Our finding supports further study of the clinical potential of (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine as a non-opioid analgesic for discogenic back pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1574474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The meaning of manageable neuropathic pain after SCI.","authors":"Marlon L Wong, Kimberly D Anderson, Kathryn E Roach, Linda Robayo, Nicholas P Cherup, Roberta Vastano, Gabriel Fernandez, Eva Widerström-Noga","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1540395","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1540395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Complete pain relief is often unattainable, making the concept of \"manageable pain\" a critical focus for improving quality of life. This study aims to elucidate the meaning of manageable pain for individuals with chronic NP post-SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving qualitative interviews and quantitative assessments with 36 participants experiencing moderate to severe NP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The qualitative data revealed three major themes: Manageable Pain, Unmanageable Pain, and Ways to Control Pain. Manageable pain was characterized by its moderate intensity, predictability, and minimal interference with daily activities. In contrast, unmanageable pain was associated with significant emotional distress, activity hindrance, and inability to control the pain. Participants used a variety of techniques to control pain, including cognitive/emotional coping strategies, medication, and physical activity. Most participants used a multimodal approach that was severity and situation dependent.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of pain management and the importance of individualized approaches that consider both pain acceptance and coping strategies. This study provides valuable insights into the personal experiences of NP in people with SCI and their perspectives on the meaning of manageable pain. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive pain management strategies that enhance daily functioning and overall well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1540395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep hygiene linked to patient-reported outcomes & objective sleep measures prior to upper extremity orthopaedic surgery.","authors":"Nicholas A Giordano, Tatiana Getz, Michael Gottschalk, Andrew H Miller, Kim Dupree Jones, Jasmine Park, Yining Zhu, Annabelle Gong, Jack Hudson, Selma Selimovic, Sarah M Taub, Amanda K Klosky, Eric R Wagner","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1589748","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1589748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep hygiene is a modifiable factor that influences sleep quality, which is vital to the body's healing process and pain response. However, poor sleep hygiene, characterized by irregular sleep schedules, inappropriate sleep environments, or the use of stimulants before bedtime, can exacerbate sleep disturbances and impairment, thus diminishing sleep quality, exacerbating pain hypersensitivity, and protracting postoperative recovery. Despite being modifiable, sleep hygiene is rarely assessed preoperatively and may be a driver of the relationship between poor sleep quality and pain response in surgical patient populations. Furthermore, there is a dearth of research examining the relationship between sleep hygiene and objective sleep measures in an ambulatory surgical patient population.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This analysis examined the association between sleep hygiene habits and both pain and sleep quality in a sample of patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery utilizing patient-reported outcomes and objective longitudinal measures of sleep quality, known as actigraphy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants undergoing orthopaedic surgery on their upper extremity at a large urban academic medical center in the Southeastern United States were recruited, consented, and enrolled in this study approximately 2 weeks before surgery between March 2022 and April 2023. Participants completed a series of surveys assessing their sleep hygiene, sleep quality, and pain interference preoperatively. For example, participants completed the Sleep Hygiene Index and the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference measure. In addition, participants wore an actigraphy device on the wrist of their non-surgical extremity, which measured sleep efficiency and total sleep time in the days prior to surgery. Linear regressions examined the association between preoperative sleep hygiene scores and pain interference, sleep efficiency, and total sleep time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This sample included 30 participants. The average Sleep Hygiene Index score was 10.87 (±6.71) and the sample's average PROMIS Pain Interference <i>T</i>-score was 63.73 (±9.59). Actigraphy derived total sleep time per day was 362.97 (±154.02) minutes and an average sleep efficiency score of 91.98 (±3.72). Regression models showed that poorer sleep hygiene (e.g., higher scores) was associated with worse PROMIS Pain Interference <i>T</i>-scores (95% CI: 0.14, 1.04; <i>p</i> = .04). In addition, participants with worse sleep hygiene scores had worse sleep efficiency (<i>β</i> = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.41, -0.014; <i>p</i> = .037) and had fewer minutes in their total sleep time (<i>β</i> = -8.91; 95% CI: -17.10, -0.72; <i>p</i> = .034).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis indicates that poorer sleep hygiene is associated with both increased pain interference and poorer sleep quality among patients about to","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1589748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Lateral C1-C2 puncture for intrathecal baclofen therapy: an alternative effective and safe approach after spinal cord injury.","authors":"Rayan Fawaz, Hayat Belaid, Baptiste Eklu, Jean Baptiste Thiebaut, Manon Duraffourg","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1571716","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1571716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spasticity is a neurological disorder that disrupts the regulation of muscle tone following an injury to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury. Baclofen is the most effective medication for treating spasticity and can be delivered via a pump connected to an intrathecal catheter. The catheter is typically inserted via a lumbar punction and advanced up to the level corresponding to the disturbing spasticity. But this may not be possible, especially when cervical level is involved. We present the case of a patient with severe spasticity after a traumatic cervical spinal cord injury who successfully underwent a lateral C1-2 puncture for placement of a retrograde catheter to the C4 level, after an unsuccessful attempt at catheter placement via a lumbar puncture. The patient experienced a significant reduction in spasticity with no reported worsening during the 8 months follow-up period. The catheter placement via a lateral C1-2 puncture guided by innovative imagery with 3D reconstruction, may serve as an effective and safe alternative to deliver baclofen at the cervical level. Relevance of cervical ITB is discussed and issues involved are considered. The mechanism of action of ITB at cervical level, which is far from fully clarified, is crucial to reach the best clinical outcome and avoid si de effects and complications. Few clinical cases were published; hence the importance to present this case.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1571716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Current treatment strategies and integrative medicine for management of pain in sickle cell disease.","authors":"Kimberlei A Richardson, Gabrielle Lynn McLemore, Keesha Powell-Roach, Kalpna Gupta","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1621147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2025.1621147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1621147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The heating rate matters! contact heat evoked potentials in musicians and non-musicians.","authors":"Fabian Sternkopf, Paulina S Scheuren, Catherine R Jutzeler, André Lee","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1555034","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1555034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classical musical training requires extreme levels of fine motor control, resulting in adaptive neuroplastic alterations in professional musicians. Additionally, musicians have a high prevalence of pain syndromes, which makes them an interesting group to research the influence of neuroplasticity on nociception. This report consists of two parts. Firstly, we present the results of a preliminary study comparing musicians and non-musicians with respect to their cortical responses to noxious heat stimuli at their hands and feet, using contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs). Secondly, we quantitatively discuss the influence of the heating rates of two different stimulation devices on CHEPs when applying the exact same settings. For this, we measured the temperature curves of the devices' stimuli and connected their respective heating rates to the resulting CHEPs. Musicians showed a significantly larger <math><msub><mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> latency difference between hands and feet (20.86 ms, <math><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0045</mn></math> ), compared to non-musicians. Additionally, we found that, despite the exact same settings, different stimulation devices produced considerably different temperature curves. The resulting time difference between the stimulation devices of 104.78 ms explains the latency difference of the CHEPs produced by the respective device of 104.09 ms extremely well. This study underlines that musicians are an interesting model for neuroplasticity regarding nociception, as they respond differently to nociceptive stimuli. Moreover, it contributes to the understanding of the connection between a stimulation device's heating rate and the resulting CHEPs, an important finding that has never been quantified before but has considerable consequences on the comparability of results.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1555034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory processing in medically unexplained pain syndrome. A systematic review.","authors":"Nicole Quodling, Norman Hoffman, Frederick Robert Carrick, Monèm Jemni","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1584227","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1584227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain is inherently multifactorial, with biological, psychological and social factors contributing to neuropathic pain (NP) and central sensitization (CS) syndromes. Comorbidity between functional disorders and the lack of clinical biomarkers adds to the challenge of diagnosis and treatment, leading to frustration for healthcare professionals and patients. The main objective of this review is to investigate the association between NP, CS syndromes and sensory processing disorders. A structured search was conducted on the PubMed database using the keywords Central Sensitization, Fibromyalgia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, and Neuropathic Pain, combined with the keywords Vision, Audition, Olfaction, Touch, Taste, and Proprioception. PubMed was chosen because it is accessible and user-friendly. Articles within the last five years, from 2018 to 2023, have been included. 380 studies on conditions of CS and sensory processing were identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number of retained papers was 78. There were a few emerging themes. Reduced sensory thresholds were found to be comorbid with chronic pain conditions, particularly those with a component of CS. Both cranial nerve and sensory evaluation examinations may prove helpful as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and for potential treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1584227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}