Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"An analysis of the burden of migraine and tension-type headache across the global, China, the United States, India and Japan.","authors":"Rongjiang Xu, Ruonan Zhang, Liang Dong, Xiaonuo Xu, Xiaoping Fan, Jiying Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1539344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2025.1539344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent headaches in headache disorders adversely impact quality of life and job. Migraines and tension-type headache TTH) are the most common primary headaches and a prominent cause of disability globally. However, few research compare headache illness burden in China, India, the United States (US), and Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Global and Chinese, the US, Indian, and Japanese migraine and TTH incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years were taken from the GBD database for 1990-2021. The data is studied utilizing decomposition analysis, health inequality research, joinpoint regression model, and Bayesian Average Annual Percentage Change (BAPC) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that migraine mostly affects women aged 15-49, while TTH are evenly distributed across gender and age. The worldwide average annual percentage change (AAPC) in disease-adjusted life years (DALYs) for migraine and TTH from 1990 to 2021 was 0.0357, a statistically significant trend (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as determined using joinpoint analysis. China exhibited the quickest rise in migraine and TTH incidence and prevalence, as well as the age-standardized rate (ASR) of DALYs, of the four nations analyzed. The US had the highest value of these indicators. Forecasting models reveal that without policy action, migraine prevalence will grow but TTH prevalence would stay unchanged. Decomposition research showed that population expansion is the major cause of migraines and TTH, which will be slightly alleviated by population aging. Health disparities across economic growth areas lessened between 1990 and 2021, according to the report.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Globally and in China, migraine and TTH incidence and burden have increased since 1990. Migraines are becoming more common in young and middle-aged women, so headache treatment professionals should invest more in patient education to raise awareness and improve self-management to reduce disease burden and medical costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1539344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical-based therapeutics from traditional eastern medicine: analgesic effects and ion channel modulation.","authors":"Sung Eun Kim, Geehoon Chung, Sun Kwang Kim","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1537154","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1537154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain management remains a major challenge in the healthcare system. While synthetic analgesics are widely used for pain management, their effectiveness in managing chronic pain is often limited due to low efficacy or side effects. Thus, there is growing interest in exploring alternative pain relief methods, particularly using medicinal plants from traditional Eastern medicine and their phytochemicals. Previous studies have demonstrated the modulatory effects of various phytochemicals derived from herbal medicine on pain-related ion channels, such as voltage-gated sodium channels (Na_v), calcium channels (Ca²⁺), and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Since these ion channels are integral to the transmission and modulation of pain signals, the ability of specific phytochemicals to activate or inhibit these channels presents a promising avenue for the development of novel analgesics. The goal of this review is to merge herbal insights with ion channel research to highlight the potential of natural compounds for safe and effective pain management. In this regard, we summarize the discovery and characterization of pain-relieving phytochemicals from herbal medicine, and we discuss their mechanisms of action and their potential to mimic or enhance the effects of conventional analgesics through ion channel modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1537154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between the site of back pain and number of painful sites with daily activities, seeking healthcare, and medication use among school adolescents.","authors":"Tatiana Rehder Gonçalves, Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano, Rosely Sichieri, Diana Barbosa Cunha","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1459232","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1459232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The potential consequences of back pain (BP) are poorly described in adolescents. This study evaluated the association between BP sites (neck, thoracic and low back) and number of painful sites with missed school classes, interference in physical activities, seeking healthcare, and medication use among school adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 350 students (5th to 9th grade) of a public school in Brazil. Information on BP site and outcomes were self-reported. Logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reporting at least one painful site in spine were 74.9% (<i>n</i> = 262), with mean age of 12.73 ± 1.67 (55.7% were girls). Most of them reported pain in two sites (<i>n</i> = 100; 28.6%) and the most frequent pain site was neck (<i>n</i> = 223; 63.7%). Thoracic and low BP were associated with missing school classes, interference in physical activities, seeking healthcare, and medication use, while neck pain showed no association. The number of painful sites was associated with daily activities and healthcare with those gradients increasing with the number of painful sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thoracic and low BP were associated with daily activities, seeking healthcare, and medication use in early adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1459232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virally-initiated pain states: phenotypes, mechanisms, and future directions.","authors":"Sara A Dochnal, Steven P Cohen, Mark R Hutchinson, Yury I Miller, Tony L Yaksh","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1527106","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2025.1527106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the significance of viral infections, affecting billions of lives and costing trillions of dollars globally. Even beyond SARS-CoV-2, common infections with viruses like influenza, HIV, and herpesviruses have profound impacts beyond their typical manifestations, often triggering acute and chronic pain syndromes that can be life-altering. These virally induced pain states can arise through direct viral replication within neurons, or indirectly, via immune responses to infection in both the contexts of afferent signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or subsequent higher order integration in intracranial systems. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 each provide a unique lens through which to examine the interplay between viral activity and pain. This perspective paper is not meant to be an exhaustive review of virally-induced neuropathic pain states. It seeks to explore curated aspects of the complexities of these pain states, identify research gaps, and suggest solutions using nanoscale molecular understanding and psychoneuroimmunological and biopsychosocial frameworks. Each subheading is accompanied by a list of related issues for study which we think will lead to advances in our understanding of the vexing pain phenotype associated with viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"6 ","pages":"1527106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic antihyperalgesic effect of a novel conotoxin from <i>Californiconus californicus</i> in an inflammatory pain model.","authors":"Joaquín López-Carrillo, Johanna Bernáldez-Sarabia, Tushar J Pawar, Samanta Jiménez, Salvador Dueñas, Andrea Figueroa-Montiel, José L Olivares-Romero, Vinicio Granados-Soto, Alexei F Licea-Navarro, Nadia L Caram-Salas","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1500789","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1500789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study explores the analgesic potential of the novel conotoxin O1_cal6.4b, derived from <i>Californiconus californicus</i>, as a candidate for pain management in a model of inflammatory pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>O1_cal6.4b was systemically administered to Wistar rats, and its effects on thermal hyperalgesia and motor coordination were evaluated. Comparative analyses were conducted against O1_cal6.4d, <i>ω</i>-MVIIA, and standard analgesics (morphine, dexamethasone, and diclofenac). Structural differences between O1_cal6.4b and O1_cal6.4d were examined using in silico modeling and molecular dynamics simulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systemic administration of O1_cal6.4b significantly reduced thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner without impairing motor coordination. The analgesic effect of O1_cal6.4b was superior to that of O1_cal6.4d, <i>ω</i>-MVIIA, and standard analgesics. Structural analyses revealed notable differences between O1_cal6.4b and O1_cal6.4d, suggesting unique functional properties.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings indicate that O1_cal6.4b exhibits a promising analgesic profile with advantages over traditional opioid-based therapies. These results underscore the molecular diversity of conotoxins and highlight their potential as innovative analgesic treatments. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of this novel conotoxin.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1500789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11802583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of compound Kushen injection combined with zoledronic acid in treating bone metastasis cancer pain based on meta-analysis and decision tree model.","authors":"Xi Zhao, Tianwei Meng, Kaiqiang Wang, Xi Yan, Yuqiang Liu, Xinghua Li","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1512925","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1512925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of combining Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) with zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastasis-induced cancer pain in malignant tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of Chinese and English databases identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CKI combined with zoledronic acid for bone metastases in malignancies. Methodological quality assessments were performed on all included studies, and a meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 software. A cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of China's healthcare system employed a decision tree model to evaluate the short-term economic impact of the two treatment regimens. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies involving 1,269 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that CKI combined with zoledronic acid was more effective than zoledronic acid alone in treating bone metastatic cancer pain (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 2.51-4.67, <i>P</i> < 0.0001), with no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) analysis revealed that the combination therapy incurred an additional cost of ¥18,863.16 for each unit of effect gained compared to zoledronic acid alone. Sensitivity analyses indicated stable results, showing that under the assumption of a willingness-to-pay threshold set at the average per capita disposable income in 2023, the combination of CKI and zoledronic acid was more cost-effective than zoledronic acid alone in treating bone metastatic cancer pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with zoledronic acid alone, the combination of CKI and zoledronic acid offers superior efficacy, high safety, and better cost-effectiveness in the treatment of bone metastasis-induced cancer pain in malignant tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1512925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of trancutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in Black and Hispanic/Latino people with peripheral neuropathy.","authors":"Marlon L Wong, Eva Widerström-Noga, Jessica L Bolanos, Gabriel Gonzalez, Frank J Penedo, Peter J Hosein, Melissa M Tovin, Juan P Gonzalez, Lisa M McTeague","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1516196","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1516196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and the primary causes are chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and diabetic neuropathy (DN). Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a promising non-pharmacological and non-invasive intervention that targets key pathways involved with PN. However, research is needed to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of taVNS in people with PN. It is also critical that this research on taVNS include the perspectives of Black and Hispanic/Latino patients, who are often underrepresented in research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was comprised of two consecutive studies: a survey and a pilot randomized sham-controlled trial (RCT). The survey assessed symptom burden, management strategies, and interest in taVNS among CIPN patients. The pilot RCT evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of taVNS in Black and Hispanic/Latino patients with CIPN or diabetic neuropathy. Participants were recruited from the University of Miami medical system, with culturally sensitive approaches to enhance minority participation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey included 62 respondents, 78% Black or Hispanic/Latino, revealing high symptom burden and significant interest in taVNS (82% expressed moderate to high interest). The pilot RCT enrolled 28 participants, achieving a 42% recruitment rate and 86% retention. taVNS was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects. Preliminary data indicated a decrease in neuropathic symptoms and an increased heart rate variability (HRV) during active taVNS, suggesting autonomic modulation. Tingling sensation and pain decreased by median values of 2.0 and 1.5, respectively. Additionally, the median values for standard deviation of the RR interval increased from 34.9 (CI = 21.6-44.8) at baseline to 44.8 (CI = 26.5-50.3) during intervention. Exit interviews highlighted positive participant experiences and identified potential barriers, such as protocol length and distrust in medical research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore the need for novel CIPN treatments and demonstrate the feasibility of conducting taVNS research in historically underrepresented populations. High interest in taVNS and successful recruitment and retention rates suggest that culturally sensitive approaches can enhance minority participation in clinical trials. These findings will be used to develop a large clinical trial to determine the efficacy of repeated taVNS in a diverse cohort.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT05896202).</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1516196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacodynamic characteristics and influencing factors of tapentadol for chronic pain relief under dose titration.","authors":"Liang Xin, Haoxiang Zhu, Suping Niu, Xie Han, Hongxian Pang, Jiangfan Li, Ye Hu, Xuhong Wang, Lujin Li, Yi Fang","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1474529","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1474529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to establish a pharmacodynamic model of tapentadol analgesia under dose titration conditions, to quantitatively analyze the time-effect relationship of the drug, and to identify relevant influencing factors. This model is intended to provide a pharmacodynamic reference for designing rational tapentadol dose titration schemes in clinical research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of tapentadol in the management of chronic pain were retrieved from public databases (PubMed and EMBASE). A time-effect relationship model of the percent change in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores post-tapentadol intervention from baseline was constructed, along with a covariate model to identify factors significantly impacting the analgesic effects of tapentadol. Potential influencing factors that were clinically significant but not included in the final covariate model were examined for their impact trends on tapentadol analgesia through subgroup analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 studies involving 4,508 participants were included in the analysis. Covariate analysis indicated that age significantly affected the maximum reduction in NRS scores following tapentadol treatment, with the reduction rate being 40.9% for patients aged 45 and 60.7% for those aged 65, suggesting that older patients have a higher demand for pain relief. Furthermore, studies published after 2014 and placebo-controlled trials showed a slower rate of NRS reduction, indicating a more cautious approach to tapentadol dosing titration post the U.S. opioid crisis and in placebo-controlled contexts. Additionally, subgroup analysis suggested that higher titration doses, higher baseline NRS levels, the use of extended-release tapentadol, and a smaller proportion of male participants were trends associated with better analgesic effects, although the differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, the study found that tapentadol was significantly more effective in treating lower back pain compared to non-lower back pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research successfully developed a pharmacodynamic model for dose-titrated tapentadol administration, which can simulate the temporal changes in analgesic effects of tapentadol across different clinical scenarios. This model can guide the formulation of dosing titration protocols for tapentadol in clinical research.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-5-0014/.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1474529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Preclinical animal models and measures of pain: improving predictive validity for analgesic drug development - volume II.","authors":"Anke Tappe-Theodor, Thomas J Martin, S Stevens Negus","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1523938","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1523938","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1523938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world evaluation of select adverse drug reactions and healthcare utilization associated with parenteral Ibuprofen and ketorolac in adult and pediatric patients.","authors":"Mosadoluwa Afolabi, Jensy Rodriguez-Silva, Ishveen Chopra, Ines Macias-Perez, Jason Makii, Emily Durr, Theresa Human","doi":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1484948","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpain.2024.1484948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in healthcare settings, but their comparative safety and resource utilization impacts remain understudied. This study aimed to compare adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) between patients receiving IV-ibuprofen versus IV/IM ketorolac.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, longitudinal analysis was conducted using an all-payer database, examining records from January 1, 2014, to June 3, 2023. The study included both adult (≥18 years) and pediatric (<18 years) populations who received one or more doses of either medication. Propensity score matching was applied to both populations, and HCRU was tracked for 29 days post-final dose. The adult cohort included 31,046 IV-ibuprofen and 124,184 ketorolac records, while the pediatric cohort had 5,579 patients per treatment arm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both adult and pediatric patients receiving IV-ibuprofen demonstrated lower ADR incidence and reduced HCRU compared to those receiving ketorolac.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings suggest IV-ibuprofen may be a safer alternative to ketorolac, potentially improving patient care outcomes while reducing healthcare system burden. These results have implications for clinical practice and healthcare resource management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73097,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1484948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11746909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}