Food frontiersPub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1002/fft2.481
Kangkai Chen, Dongwei Ma, Xin Yang, Ping Liu, Jin Wang, Wang Liao
{"title":"Clinical insights into the immunomodulatory effects of food-derived peptides","authors":"Kangkai Chen, Dongwei Ma, Xin Yang, Ping Liu, Jin Wang, Wang Liao","doi":"10.1002/fft2.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interaction between diet and the immune system has garnered considerable attention, especially regarding the immunomodulatory effects of food-derived peptides. These peptides, derived from dietary proteins, exhibit diverse mechanisms of action, influencing cytokine production, immune cell function, and gut barrier integrity. Although there are numerous in vitro and animal studies supporting its therapeutic potential in immune-related diseases, clinical relevance requires further investigation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on food-derived peptides as immunomodulators, highlighting clinical insights and discussing challenges in their application. Additionally, it expands beyond peptides to encompass various dietary compounds influencing immune function. By integrating structural and functional diversity, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of how nutrition shapes immune responses, offering insights for personalized health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2483-2497"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of varying dietary fatty acid patterns on early-life food allergy in rats","authors":"Manman Liu, Cheng Chen, Junjuan Wang, Shiwen Han, Sufang Duan, Fang Li, Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto, Yali Liu, Huilian Che, Changqi Liu","doi":"10.1002/fft2.446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.446","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevalence of food allergies is increasing worldwide, affecting approximately 8% of children. Food allergies that develop early in life can persist throughout an individual's life. Dietary patterns, particularly those involving fatty acids (FAs), play an important role in the regulation of immune cells, thereby affecting the development of food allergies. Aimed to investigate the effects of different FA patterns on food allergies, this study established a sensitised infant rat model and fed it with feeds containing different types of FAs. We then assessed the clinical allergy symptoms, immune balance, and gut microbiota. Our animal allergy model revealed that diets rich in specific FAs exerted different regulatory effects on food allergies. Notably, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FAs exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on food allergies, accompanied by a reduction in allergy symptoms, lower serum antibody levels, and modulation of T cell differentiation. By contrast, high levels of medium-chain FAs promoted the occurrence and progression of food allergies. In addition, various dietary FA patterns have varying impacts on the gut microbiota, influencing overall diversity, microbial composition, and function. N-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FAs may be associated with a significant increase in the copy number of <i>15-cis-phytoene</i> synthase in the intestinal flora. These findings suggest that dietary intake of different FAs during early life can affect an individual's susceptibility to food allergies by shaping the gut microbiota, which may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of food allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2691-2704"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food frontiersPub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1002/fft2.472
Shuai Jiang, Dejiang Xue, Qian Li, Kai Shan, Miao Zhang, Guanghong Zhou, Chunbao Li
{"title":"Exploring the impact of myoglobin from red meat on intestinal function: Insights from mouse and cell models","authors":"Shuai Jiang, Dejiang Xue, Qian Li, Kai Shan, Miao Zhang, Guanghong Zhou, Chunbao Li","doi":"10.1002/fft2.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.472","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excessive intake of red meat may cause damage to colorectal tissue but not cause significant damage to the small intestine. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, the effect of myoglobin extracted from red meat was explored on the intestinal barrier function of the mice, and its potential mechanism was elucidated through cell culture experiments. Exclusively high-dose myoglobin (3.39%, equivalent to 450 g red meat per day for human) resulted in marked intestinal permeability with increased levels of serum endotoxin, diamine oxidase, and <span>d</span>-lactate but reduced the mRNA levels of tight junction proteins and mucin 2 in the duodenal and colonic tissues. The diet also increased free iron and heme levels in the duodenal and colonic tissues, leading to higher level of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Metabolomic analysis of colonic contents showed that exclusively high-dose myoglobin altered the relative content of indole and its derivatives, phenolic compounds, and 5-hydroxy-<span>l</span>-tryptophan by regulating tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine cycle and destroying intestinal homeostasis. The very high myoglobin hydrolysate induced oxidative stress and apoptosis more seriously in HT29 cells than in INT407 cells, which could be the main reason for more severe colon injury. Nevertheless, normal low-dose intake (0.38% myoglobin, equivalent to 50 g per day for human) did not show the above-mentioned harmful effects. The findings provided a risk assessment for the dosage of red meat intake and new insights into the relationship between red meat intake and intestinal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2672-2690"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food frontiersPub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1002/fft2.471
Qingan Jia, Tongling Yang, Fan Chang, Qinglin Zhang, Junrong Liang, Xia Liao, Huaiping Shi
{"title":"Unveiling the microbial metabolites in ruminant milk for medicinal purposes","authors":"Qingan Jia, Tongling Yang, Fan Chang, Qinglin Zhang, Junrong Liang, Xia Liao, Huaiping Shi","doi":"10.1002/fft2.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Milk, as a dietary supplement, is crucial for maintaining health and potentially preventing disease throughout life. Both traditional Chinese medicine and modern nutritional science have revealed that milk from different mammals can benefit humans, exhibiting distinct medicinal functions. It can be inferred that milk contains not only multiple nutrients but also an abundance of bioactive components that have health benefits for milk consumers. However, limited studies have focused on the differences in bioactive metabolites in milk derived from various ruminants and their distinct medical functions. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the diversity of microbial metabolites and their associated health benefits, which are primarily shaped by the rumen-mammary gland axis. Our findings reveal the pivotal role played by microbial metabolites in facilitating the microbiome's influence on human physiology. Finally, we conclude that ruminant milk may offer a path to harness these metabolites’ therapeutic benefits. To increase these metabolites in milk, there is need to design dietary supplements for dairy ruminants, which could enhance milk's medicinal value and aroma, revolutionizing ruminant husbandry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2467-2482"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food frontiersPub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1002/fft2.433
Sioi Chan, Ping Xiong, Min Zhao, Siyuan Zhang, Rongbo Zheng, Jizeng Ye, Ka Iong Chan, Chuyuan Li, Zhangfeng Zhong
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of natural products from vitamin C-rich fruits","authors":"Sioi Chan, Ping Xiong, Min Zhao, Siyuan Zhang, Rongbo Zheng, Jizeng Ye, Ka Iong Chan, Chuyuan Li, Zhangfeng Zhong","doi":"10.1002/fft2.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inflammation is a crucial target for therapeutic interventions in many life-threatening diseases, which sustains ongoing interest in the field of inflammation biology. Plant-derived natural products, rich in phytochemicals, have been used as healing agents in several diseases since antiquity. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, as well as gut microbiota modulation. They hold substantial potential as promising candidates for the development of novel strategies in the management of inflammation-associated diseases. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits given from administrating natural products (e.g., phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, and saccharides), with a particular emphasis on vitamin C-rich fruits based on the high content of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Apart from natural products, the gut microbiota acts a significant role in modulating the activation of inflammatory reaction. Deviations in its composition have been associated with various diseases. Furthermore, advancements in machine learning contribute to enhancing clinical outcomes in disease treatment. Therefore, this work provided some valuable insights in elaborating the therapeutic potential of vitamin C-rich fruits, the role of probiotics as anti-inflammatory agents, and the utilization of computer-aided drug design techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2383-2422"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food frontiersPub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1002/fft2.466
Tiago Azevedo, Tiago Ferreira, Sheila I. Peña-Corona, Hernán Cortes, Rita Silva-Reis, Rui M. Gil da Costa, Ana I. Faustino-Rocha, Paula A. Oliveira, Daniela Calina, Susana M. Cardoso, Dietrich Büsselberg, Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, Javad Sharifi-Rad, William C. Cho
{"title":"Natural products-based antiangiogenic agents: New frontiers in cancer therapy","authors":"Tiago Azevedo, Tiago Ferreira, Sheila I. Peña-Corona, Hernán Cortes, Rita Silva-Reis, Rui M. Gil da Costa, Ana I. Faustino-Rocha, Paula A. Oliveira, Daniela Calina, Susana M. Cardoso, Dietrich Büsselberg, Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, Javad Sharifi-Rad, William C. Cho","doi":"10.1002/fft2.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Angiogenesis, vital for tumor growth and metastasis, is a promising target in cancer therapy. Natural compounds offer potential as antiangiogenic agents with reduced toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural product-based antiangiogenic therapies, focusing on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. A systematic search identified relevant articles from 2019 to 2023. Various natural compounds, including polyphenols, terpenes, alkaloids, cannabinoids, omega-3 fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and carotenoids, were investigated for their antiangiogenic properties. Challenges such as dose standardization, routes of administration, and potential side effects remain. Further studies, including in-depth animal models and human epidemiological studies, must elucidate clinical efficacy and safety. Synergistic effects with current antiangiogenic therapies, such as bevacizumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, should be explored. Additionally, the potential hormone-dependent effects of compounds like genistein highlight the need for safety evaluation. In conclusion, natural products hold promise as adjunctive therapies to conventional antineoplastic drugs in modulating angiogenesis in cancer. However, robust clinical trials are needed to validate preclinical findings and ensure safety and efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2423-2466"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hyperspectral guidance for summer tea processing: Enhancing taste and aroma through short-term cycled heaping","authors":"Hujing Cao, Jingjing Tian, Jiarui Zeng, Yujing Wu, Shuofei Xu, Yu Duan, Tingting Shen, Leiqing Pan, Zhihong Xin, Wanping Fang, Xujun Zhu","doi":"10.1002/fft2.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To reduce the unpleasant flavor in tea infusion made from summer fresh leaves and lessen tea resource wastage, a short-term cycled heaping method, addressing the temperature/moisture variations during prolonged heaping, was introduced to produce high-quality yellow tea with significantly enhanced taste and aroma. Furthermore, a hyperspectral approach was developed to anticipate such improvements. Specifically, short-term cycled heaping reduced summer tea's astringency and bitterness while increasing sweetness. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC)–support vector machine (SVM) model predicted tea umami with 66.25% precision and richness with 77.64% accuracy via standard normal variate (SNV)–SVM, based on epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), and gallocatechin gallate (GCG) variations. Aroma enhancement was forecasted by a hyperspectral–electronic nose regression model, achieving over 81.50% prediction accuracy for summer tea aromas in the visible spectrum and surpassing 73.45% in the near-infrared domain, primarily attributed to pentanal, propanal, toluene, ethyl propionate, and 2,3-pentanedione variations. Overall, hyperspectral-guided summer tea processing, particularly for summer-harvested leaves, shows potential in offering a valuable screening tool, enhancing quality, and efficiency in the tea industry and promoting sustainable development.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2796-2807"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two protein-derived peptides from Bombyx mori attenuate colitis by enhancing intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota ecology","authors":"Yaxi Zhou, Diandian Wang, Jinhong Guo, Yue Zheng, Hao Duan, Wenjie Yan","doi":"10.1002/fft2.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.469","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food-sourced proteins have been shown to have ameliorative effects on ulcerative colitis (UC), and studies have identified potential anti-inflammatory activity of silkworm pupa proteins. Here, we identified and screened two novel protein-derived peptides, PDLGLF (PD-6) and GTEGGFPF (GT-8), from <i>Bombyx mori</i> using UPLC–MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis. These peptides can serve as effective experimental drugs for colitis by modulating the gut microbiota. Treatment with peptides PD-6 and GT-8 inhibited colitis inflammation in UC mice, improved oxidative stress levels, and maintained intestinal epithelial barrier function. Peptides PD-6 and GT-8 also altered the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in UC mice and increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, these findings reveal the potential of the naturally derived bioactive peptides PD-6 and GT-8 in controlling intestinal inflammation and underscore the potential of PD-6 and GT-8 as promising candidates for the prevention and improvement of UC-related inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2652-2671"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of synergistic action of courgette polysaccharide and coumalic acid on pasting, rheological, and thermal properties of potato starch","authors":"Yu Zhang, Xunze Han, Shengtong Zhou, Pengxinyi Xiao, Yiming Wang, Yuanxue Jiang, Bingjie Yang, Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1002/fft2.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.419","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of courgette polysaccharides (CP) and coumalic acid (COA) on gelatinization, rheology, thermodynamics, microstructure, freeze–thaw stability, and in vitro digestibility of potato starch (PS) were studied. The synergistic effect of CP and COA on PS was further analyzed. The results showed that peak viscosity (PV) decreased from 6649.00 to 3462.50 mPa s and 3825.00 mPa s, respectively, after CP and COA were added. Under the combined effect of the two, it will be as low as 3225.50 mPa s. Besides, trough viscosity (TV), breakdown viscosity (BV), and final viscosity (FV) had the same trend. The presence of CP and COA can significantly delay the short-term retrogradation of PS, especially in the case of high dose of CP and low dose of COA. Rheological tests showed that all sample gels belonged to the weak gel system (tan <i>δ</i> < 1) and pseudoplastic fluids. Meanwhile, the results of thermodynamic, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy exhibited that the presence of CP and COA significantly retarded the retrogradation of PS, especially at higher levels. In addition, the presence of CP and COA significantly reduced the formation of PS gel structures, especially when acting together. Furthermore, CP and COA reduced the content of rapidly digestible starch in PS and increased the content of resistant starch. Differently, CP can increase the slowly digestible starch content, whereas COA did the opposite. In the ternary composite system, CP and COA will also interact and restrict each other. Hence, the characteristics of PS can be better improved by adjusting the ratio of CP and COA. Meanwhile, the results of the study can provide potential possibilities for the application of CP and COA in food and improve the quality of PS-related products.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 6","pages":"2605-2622"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food frontiersPub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1002/fft2.458
Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón, Carlos Alonso-Calleja, Rosa Capita
{"title":"The One Health approach in food safety: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón, Carlos Alonso-Calleja, Rosa Capita","doi":"10.1002/fft2.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to the World Health Organization, contaminated food causes approximately 600 million cases of illness and 420,000 associated deaths worldwide each year. In this scenario, food safety is a crucial task, which is based in the application of correct hygiene practices throughout the entire food production chain: from farm to table. Ensuring food safety requires the implementation of practical, comprehensive, affordable, and effective approaches such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, Good Agricultural Practices, Good Manufacturing Practices, use of low cost technologies for traceability, regular inspection and auditing, as well as education and training, among other factors. In addition, it is essential to establish more comprehensive strategies based on the One Health approach. Since human health and animal health are interdependent and linked to the health of the ecosystems in which they coexist, collaboration between multiple disciplines is necessary to achieve optimal health for people, animals, and the environment. Within the food system, the One Health approach can be useful, for example, in the fight against zoonoses or antibiotic resistance. This paper describes various aspects related to the main biotic food-borne diseases, the problem of biofilms and the impact of different antimicrobials (whether biocides or antibiotics) on antibiotic resistance, listing a range of alternatives to the use of classic sanitizing compounds. All of this has the aim of giving an overview of the different factors, including those connected to the environment or animal health, which can influence food safety and thus public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"5 5","pages":"1837-1865"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}