European burn journal最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Parental Stress and Child Quality of Life after Pediatric Burn 小儿烧伤后父母的压力与儿童的生活质量
European burn journal Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5020007
Dinithi Atapattu, Victoria M. Shoesmith, Fiona M. Wood, Lisa Martin
{"title":"Parental Stress and Child Quality of Life after Pediatric Burn","authors":"Dinithi Atapattu, Victoria M. Shoesmith, Fiona M. Wood, Lisa Martin","doi":"10.3390/ebj5020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5020007","url":null,"abstract":"Parents’ emotions after their child’s burn might be influenced by the injury circumstances or demographic characteristics of the patient and family. Parents’ post-traumatic stress symptoms and their child’s distress may interact and affect emotional states. The psychosocial outcomes of parents were measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the CARe Burn Scale, and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-Brief. The psychosocial quality of life outcomes of the pediatric burn patients were measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between patient psychosocial quality of life and the related parent scores. A total of 48 patients and parents participated, with 36 giving full data at 12 months. Parental post-traumatic stress symptoms were initially high, settling by six months, although outliers remained. Parents reported higher IESR scores if their child was female, if they felt helpless at the time of the incident, and if a language other than English was spoken in the home. Parents’ scores of their child’s psychosocial function were similar to their child’s self-scores. Parents who perceived poorer emotional functioning in their child reported higher IESR scores.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extracorporeal Organ Support for Burn-Injured Patients 为烧伤患者提供体外器官支持
European burn journal Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5020006
Garrett W. Britton, Amanda R. Keith, Barret J. Halgas, Joshua M. Boster, Nicholas S. Niazi, Kevin K. Chung, L. Cancio
{"title":"Extracorporeal Organ Support for Burn-Injured Patients","authors":"Garrett W. Britton, Amanda R. Keith, Barret J. Halgas, Joshua M. Boster, Nicholas S. Niazi, Kevin K. Chung, L. Cancio","doi":"10.3390/ebj5020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5020006","url":null,"abstract":"As mortality relating to severe acute burn injury improves, patients are surviving longer into the critical care phase, which is commonly complicated by multisystem organ failure. Extracorporeal organ support (ECOS) represents a set of potential therapeutic technologies for managing patients with organ-specific complications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature, focusing on the use of continuous kidney replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal, and extracorporeal blood purification. Though promising, many of these technologies are in the early phases of implementation and are restricted to well-resourced medical systems, limiting their use in large scale casualty and austere scenarios.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Burn Wound Care Strategies for the Battlefield and Austere Settings 战场和恶劣环境下的烧伤伤口护理策略
European burn journal Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5010005
Sarah Shingleton, Jared Folwell, Ian F. Jones, Michael Gleason, Alicia Williams
{"title":"Burn Wound Care Strategies for the Battlefield and Austere Settings","authors":"Sarah Shingleton, Jared Folwell, Ian F. Jones, Michael Gleason, Alicia Williams","doi":"10.3390/ebj5010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5010005","url":null,"abstract":"Burns are commonly encountered in the battlefield environment; however, the availability of burn expertise and specialized supplies is variable. Initial burn care should remain focused on cooling the burn, preventing hypothermia, basic wound cleansing, and evacuation. Key ongoing burn wound management principles include wound debridement, accurate burn size and depth estimation, wound care, ongoing wound evaluation, and treatment of suspected Gram-negative wound infection. Operative management should be limited to urgent procedures, and definitive burn management should be performed only after evacuation to a higher level of care. Flexibility, creativity, and the ability to adapt care to the tactical environment are key to the successful management of burn injuries in battlefield and austere settings.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of Clinical Estimation and Stereophotogrammic Instrumented Imaging of Burn Scar Height and Volume 烧伤疤痕高度和体积的临床估算与立体摄影仪器成像的比较
European burn journal Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5010004
S. Bharadia, Vincent Gabriel
{"title":"Comparison of Clinical Estimation and Stereophotogrammic Instrumented Imaging of Burn Scar Height and Volume","authors":"S. Bharadia, Vincent Gabriel","doi":"10.3390/ebj5010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5010004","url":null,"abstract":"Descriptive clinical tools for characterizing burn scars are limited by between-user variability and unknown sensitivity to change over time. We previously described preclinical assessment of stereophotogrammetry as a valid measure of burn-related scars. Here, we compared the estimated vs. instrumented measurements of maximum height and total positive volume of 26 burn scars. The burn scars were imaged with the QuantifiCare LifeViz Micro 3D camera. Three experienced wound care therapists first estimated, then measured using 3D Track software, the imaged scars’ height and volume. Two-factor analysis without replication was performed to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between assessors’ estimated scar height and volume, and measured height and volume. Two-sided Wilcoxon tests were performed comparing the mean estimated height and volume with the estimated and measured outputs. The estimated scar height’s ICC was 0.595, and for volume, it was 0.531. The measured scar height’s ICC was 0.933 and for volume, it was 0.890. The estimated and measured volume were significantly different (z = −2.87, p = 0.041), while the estimated and measured height were not (z = −1.39, p = 0.161). Stereophotogrammic measurement of scar height and volume is more reliable than clinical photograph assessment. Stereophotogrammetry should be utilized when assessing burn scar height and volume, rather than subjective estimates from clinical scar tools.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of Clinical Estimation and Stereophotogrammic Instrumented Imaging of Burn Scar Height and Volume 烧伤疤痕高度和体积的临床估算与立体摄影仪器成像的比较
European burn journal Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5010004
S. Bharadia, Vincent Gabriel
{"title":"Comparison of Clinical Estimation and Stereophotogrammic Instrumented Imaging of Burn Scar Height and Volume","authors":"S. Bharadia, Vincent Gabriel","doi":"10.3390/ebj5010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5010004","url":null,"abstract":"Descriptive clinical tools for characterizing burn scars are limited by between-user variability and unknown sensitivity to change over time. We previously described preclinical assessment of stereophotogrammetry as a valid measure of burn-related scars. Here, we compared the estimated vs. instrumented measurements of maximum height and total positive volume of 26 burn scars. The burn scars were imaged with the QuantifiCare LifeViz Micro 3D camera. Three experienced wound care therapists first estimated, then measured using 3D Track software, the imaged scars’ height and volume. Two-factor analysis without replication was performed to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between assessors’ estimated scar height and volume, and measured height and volume. Two-sided Wilcoxon tests were performed comparing the mean estimated height and volume with the estimated and measured outputs. The estimated scar height’s ICC was 0.595, and for volume, it was 0.531. The measured scar height’s ICC was 0.933 and for volume, it was 0.890. The estimated and measured volume were significantly different (z = −2.87, p = 0.041), while the estimated and measured height were not (z = −1.39, p = 0.161). Stereophotogrammic measurement of scar height and volume is more reliable than clinical photograph assessment. Stereophotogrammetry should be utilized when assessing burn scar height and volume, rather than subjective estimates from clinical scar tools.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enteral Resuscitation: A Field-Expedient Treatment Strategy for Burn Shock during Wartime and in Other Austere Settings 肠内复苏:战时和其他恶劣环境下烧伤休克的现场快速治疗策略
European burn journal Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5010003
Ian F. Jones, K. Nakarmi, Hannah B. Wild, K. Nsaful, Kajal Mehta, Raslina Shrestha, Daniel Roubik, Barclay T. Stewart
{"title":"Enteral Resuscitation: A Field-Expedient Treatment Strategy for Burn Shock during Wartime and in Other Austere Settings","authors":"Ian F. Jones, K. Nakarmi, Hannah B. Wild, K. Nsaful, Kajal Mehta, Raslina Shrestha, Daniel Roubik, Barclay T. Stewart","doi":"10.3390/ebj5010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5010003","url":null,"abstract":"Burn injuries are a constant threat in war. Aspects of the modern battlefield increase the risk of burn injuries and pose challenges for early treatment. The initial resuscitation of a severely burn-injured patient often exceeds the resources available in front-line medical facilities. This stems mostly from the weight and volume of the intravenous fluids required. One promising solution to this problem is enteral resuscitation with an oral rehydration solution. In addition to being logistically easier to manage, enteral resuscitation may be able to mitigate secondary injuries to the gut related to burn shock and systemic immunoinflammatory activation. This has been previously studied in burn patients, primarily using electrolyte solutions, with promising results. Modern ORS containing sodium, potassium, and glucose in ratios that maximize gut absorption may provide additional benefits as a resuscitation strategy, both in terms of plasma volume expansion and protection of the barrier and immune functions of the gut mucosa. While enteral resuscitation is promising and should be used when other options are not available, further research is needed to refine an optimal implementation strategy.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors Associated with Self-Reported Voice Change in the Hospitalized Burn Population: A Burn Model System National Database Study. 烧伤住院病人自述嗓音变化的相关因素:烧伤模型系统国家数据库研究》。
IF 1
European burn journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5020010
Kaitlyn L Chacon, Edward Santos, Kara McMullen, Lauren J Shepler, Carla Tierney-Hendricks, Audra T Clark, Chiaka Akarichi, Haig A Yenikomshian, Caitlin M Orton, Colleen M Ryan, Jeffrey C Schneider
{"title":"Factors Associated with Self-Reported Voice Change in the Hospitalized Burn Population: A Burn Model System National Database Study.","authors":"Kaitlyn L Chacon, Edward Santos, Kara McMullen, Lauren J Shepler, Carla Tierney-Hendricks, Audra T Clark, Chiaka Akarichi, Haig A Yenikomshian, Caitlin M Orton, Colleen M Ryan, Jeffrey C Schneider","doi":"10.3390/ebj5020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5020010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voice plays a prominent role in verbal communication and social interactions. Acute burn care often includes intubation, mechanical ventilation, and tracheostomy, which could potentially impact voice quality. However, the issue of long-term dysphonia remains underexplored. This study investigates long-term self-reported voice changes in individuals with burn injuries, focusing on the impact of acute burn care interventions. Analyzing data from a multicenter longitudinal database (2015-2023), self-reported vocal changes were examined at discharge and 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after injury. Out of 582 participants, 65 reported voice changes at 12 months. Changes were prevalent at discharge (16.4%) and persisted over 60 months (11.6-12.7%). Factors associated with voice changes included flame burn, inhalation injury, tracheostomy, outpatient speech-language pathology, head/neck burn, larger burn size, mechanical ventilation, and more ventilator days (<i>p</i> < 0.001). For those on a ventilator more than 21 days, 48.7% experience voice changes at 12 months and 83.3% had received a tracheostomy. The regression analysis demonstrates that individuals that were placed on a ventilator and received a tracheostomy were more likely to report a voice change at 12 months. This study emphasizes the need to understand the long-term voice effects of intubation and tracheostomy in burn care.</p>","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combat and Operational Stress Control: Application in a Burn Center 战斗和行动压力控制:在烧伤中心的应用
European burn journal Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5010002
Jill M. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Cancio
{"title":"Combat and Operational Stress Control: Application in a Burn Center","authors":"Jill M. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Cancio","doi":"10.3390/ebj5010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5010002","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational therapy has been integral to the holistic recovery of soldiers since its origin. The positive psychosocial and physiological effects of occupation-based interventions, fundamental to the profession, have long justified its relevance to the military. As such, occupational therapy has been written into US Army doctrine as an integral component of the Combat and Operational Stress Control (COSC) program. The focus of a COSC unit is to prevent, identify, reduce, and manage combat and operational stress reactions resulting from physical and mental stressors in a combat environment. COSC centers around the recognition and resolution of functional problems and the development of enhanced coping skills. Recognizing that burn patients are, like combatants, also at high risk of stress-related illness, we applied COSC concepts to peacetime burn care. In this paper we describe the theoretical basis for COSC in a burn center. The COSC model supports holistic, functional recovery of the burn casualty and can augment psychosocial recovery, particularly in times of limited resources.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pain Management during Bromelain-Based Enzymatic Debridement (NexoBrid®) in a USA Adult Burn Center 美国一家成人烧伤中心在菠萝蛋白酶酶解清创术(NexoBrid®)期间的疼痛管理
European burn journal Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/ebj5010001
Martin R. Buta, Domenic Annand, Sarah Findeisen, Sean A. Hickey, Robert L. Sheridan, Jonathan S. Friedstat, John T. Schulz, Branko Bojovic, Edward A. Bittner, Jeremy Goverman
{"title":"Pain Management during Bromelain-Based Enzymatic Debridement (NexoBrid®) in a USA Adult Burn Center","authors":"Martin R. Buta, Domenic Annand, Sarah Findeisen, Sean A. Hickey, Robert L. Sheridan, Jonathan S. Friedstat, John T. Schulz, Branko Bojovic, Edward A. Bittner, Jeremy Goverman","doi":"10.3390/ebj5010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj5010001","url":null,"abstract":"Outside the United States, bromelain-based enzymatic debridement (BBED) has become an effective tool for the removal of burn eschar. A primary concern with BBED is that it is a painful procedure requiring appropriate analgesia. The purpose of this study was to describe our experience using NexoBrid® (NXB), with a particular focus on pain management. We performed a retrospective review on all 32 adult burn patients enrolled at our institution as part of a multicenter phase 3 clinical trial (DETECT) or the expanded access treatment protocol (NEXT). All patients underwent BBED with NXB of acute deep partial- and full-thickness thermal burn wounds at a major burn center between November 2016 and February 2023. Thirty-two patients with an average age of 42.1 years (SD = 17.4, range 18–72) and an average TBSA of 6.3% (SD = 5.9, range 1–24.5) underwent a total of 33 BBED procedures. Only one patient required an additional NXB treatment, and all patients achieved >95% eschar removal. For pain control during debridement, seven patients required a local block (LB), nine a regional block (RB), and thirteen conscious sedation (CS). Three patients were intubated (INTB) for their burn injury prior to the procedure. There was no statistical difference in Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores during vs. before treatment or after vs. before treatment for all patients or when subdivided by BMI, race, TBSA, total area treated, and anesthetic type (LB, RB, and CS). With appropriate analgesia, the pain associated with BBED of acute deep partial- and full-thickness thermal burns is well tolerated.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
War at Sea: Burn Care Challenges—Past, Present and Future 海上战争烧伤护理的挑战--过去、现在和未来
European burn journal Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.3390/ebj4040041
Matthew D. Tadlock, Theodore D. Edson, Jill M. Cancio, Dana M. Flieger, Aaron Wickard, Bailey Grimsley, Corey G. Gustafson, Jay A. Yelon, James C. Jeng, Jennifer M. Gurney
{"title":"War at Sea: Burn Care Challenges—Past, Present and Future","authors":"Matthew D. Tadlock, Theodore D. Edson, Jill M. Cancio, Dana M. Flieger, Aaron Wickard, Bailey Grimsley, Corey G. Gustafson, Jay A. Yelon, James C. Jeng, Jennifer M. Gurney","doi":"10.3390/ebj4040041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj4040041","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, seafarers have been exposed to potential thermal injuries during naval warfare; however, injury prevention, including advances in personal protective equipment, has saved lives. Thankfully, burn injuries have decreased over time, which has resulted in a significant clinical skills gap. Ships with only Role 1 (no surgical capability) assets have worse outcomes after burn injury compared to those with Role 2 (surgical capability) assets. To prepare for future burn care challenges during a war at sea, Military Medicine must re-learn the lessons of World War I and World War II. Burn injuries do not occur in isolation during war and are associated with concomitant traumatic injuries. To care for burn casualties at sea, there is an urgent need to increase the availability of whole blood and dried plasma, resuscitation fluids that were ubiquitous throughout the naval force during World War II for both hemorrhagic and burn shock resuscitation. Furthermore, those providing trauma care at sea require formal burn care training and skills sustainment experiences in the clinical management of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care patients. While burn education, training, and experience must be improved, modern high-energy weapons systems and anti-ship ballistic missiles necessitate concurrent investments in prevention, countermeasures, and personal protective equipment to decrease the likelihood of burn injury and damage resulting from these attacks.","PeriodicalId":72961,"journal":{"name":"European burn journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信