Discover nano最新文献

{"title":"Mass and stiffness sensing performance of nanomechanical resonators: viability of infectious virus detection.","authors":"Manuel Gómez-Moreno, Juan Molina, José J Ruz, Óscar Malvar, Javier Tamayo, Montserrat Calleja, Álvaro San Paulo","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04295-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04295-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examine the performance of nanomechanical resonators for mass and stiffness sensing of nanoparticulate analytes with focus on their application for untargeted infectious virus detection. The characteristic narrow mass distributions of viruses, together with the existing correlations between their stiffness and infectivity, point out to nanomechanical sensors as a particularly suited alternative to molecular detection techniques, constrained by limited processing speed, target-specificity, and the inability to directly assess infectivity. We present a theoretical analysis of the response of flexural beam resonators to the adsorption of nanoparticulate analytes, and derive analytical expressions for the mass and stiffness sensing responsivity, resolution and signal to noise ratio as a function of the beam characteristics and analyte adsorption parameters. We demonstrate that both the mass and stiffness of viruses can contribute to resonance frequency shifts that significantly exceed the fundamental detection limits of beams with plausible dimensions and for realistic adsorption parameters. Particularly, stiffness resolution can reach levels well below the stiffness variations observed in some viruses as a consequence of maturation, enabling an integrated approach for infectivity assessment. We conclude that the practical application of nanomechanical spectrometry for infectious virus detection is not limited by the performance of state-of-the-art sensor technology, but by the efficiency of analyte delivery methods, encouraging future research on optimizing their implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered NiO/TiO₂ and CuO/NiO/TiO₂ heterojunctions for sustainable direct photocatalytic epoxidation of propylene using molecular oxygen.","authors":"Nicola Morante, Katia Monzillo, Alessandro Padua, Andrea Muscatello, Diana Sannino, Serena Esposito, Vincenzo Vaiano","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04296-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04296-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The selective photocatalytic epoxidation of propylene using molecular oxygen under UV-A irradiation presents a promising sustainable alternative for propylene oxide (PO) production. In this study, NiO/TiO₂ and CuO/NiO/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized via the thermal annealing of sol-gel-derived TiO₂ and tested in a fluidized bed photoreactor. Structural and optical characterizations confirmed the successful deposition of NiO onto TiO₂ and highlighted the crucial role of NiO content in optimizing charge separation and catalytic efficiency. Among the NiO/TiO₂ series, the NiO(1.1%)/TiO₂ composite exhibited the lowest photoluminescence intensity, indicating reduced electron-hole recombination, while UV-Vis DRS analysis revealed a red shift in the absorption onset and a reduction in the band gap energy. These features resulted in enhanced light absorption and facilitated charge transfer, leading to superior photocatalytic performance compared to lower and higher NiO loadings. Under irradiation, NiO(1.1%)/TiO₂ achieved a propylene conversion of 52.5%, a selectivity to PO of 83.4%, and a PO yield of 43.8%, confirming its effectiveness in promoting selective epoxidation. The introduction of CuO to form the CuO(1.1%)/NiO(1.1%)/TiO₂ heterojunction further enhanced the catalytic performance, reaching 61% propylene conversion, 92% selectivity to PO, and a PO yield of 56%. The improved activity was attributed to the efficient conversion of molecular oxygen into hydrogen peroxide, which acts as a selective oxidant for epoxide formation. Process optimization revealed that water vapor (1000 ppm) significantly enhanced PO selectivity, while incident light intensity played a crucial role in determining conversion rates. The system exhibited excellent stability over 24 h of continuous operation, with no observable deactivation. Furthermore, an energy efficiency analysis demonstrated an exceptionally low energy consumption of 0.019 kWh per mole of propylene converted, significantly outperforming existing photocatalytic systems. These findings highlight the potential of CuO/NiO/TiO₂-based photocatalysts, combined with fluidized bed reactors, as an energy-efficient and scalable approach for sustainable PO production.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancement of fisetin-based nanoformulations in the management of psoriasis.","authors":"Umesh B Telrandhe, Anjum N Hasnain, Sachin N Kothawade, Darshan R Telange","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04298-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04298-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease with enhanced skin cell turnover. Despite the therapies currently available, better and target-oriented therapies are needed. Fisetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. It shows therapeutic potential, but its poor bioavailability and penetration into the skin cannot be used effectively to treat psoriasis. While fisetin-loaded nanoformulations in cancer and other diseases have been explored, their potential as a therapy for psoriasis is unexplored. Most reviews detail the biological activities of fisetin or nanoformulations for psoriasis therapy but not their combination. The review here compiles fisetin's chemical and pharmacological properties along with the problems with conventional drug delivery and fisetin-loaded nanoformulations such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanogels, and micelles. It also discusses their mechanisms, preclinical results, and potential for the clinic. Preclinical studies demonstrate fisetin nanoformulations to enhance penetration into the skin, reduce inflammation, promote skin regeneration in psoriasis models, and alleviate symptoms of redness and scaling. Clinical trials are lacking, and studies are needed to assess safety and efficacy. Fisetin nanoformulations are a potential target-oriented psoriasis therapy with better drug delivery and fewer side effects than conventional therapies. Despite formulation stability, scalability, and regulatory issues, the potential for fisetin-loaded nanoformulations is excellent and needs further exploration for their safety and efficacy in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photothermal therapy for tumor ablation: structural and functional insights into Bi₂Se₃ nanosheets as Light-to-Heat converter.","authors":"Ming-Chung Wu, Yin-Hsuan Chang, Ting-Han Lin, Chun-Yuan Wu, Jia-Mao Chang, Yu-Jen Lu","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04289-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04289-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photothermal therapy (PTT) represents a promising advance in oncological treatments, utilizing light-induced heat mediated by photothermal agents to target and destroy cancer cells with high precision. Despite its potential, the clinical application of PTT is often limited by the efficiency of photothermal agents and their biocompatibility, highlighting a crucial need for novel materials that can safely and effectively convert light into therapeutic heat. This study demonstrates the two-dimensional Bi₂Se₃ nanosheets with tailored nanostructure via a solvothermal process. This study controls over their structural and photothermal properties by accurately optimizing synthesis conditions. In situ experiments provide insights into the crystallographic and phonon characteristics at varying temperatures, underscoring the thermal stability of Bi₂Se₃ nanosheets. Notably, these nanosheets demonstrate a high photothermal conversion efficiency, rapidly raising the tumor site temperature to 53.1 °C within 180 s, resulting in rapid tumor cell ablation. Significant tumor growth suppression is also observed, with the median survival of mice treated with the particle and light combination extending to 34 days. These findings confirm the stable in vivo thermal properties of Bi₂Se₃ nanosheets, establishing them as a potent candidate for future photothermal therapy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial potential of floral extract-decorated nanoparticles against food-borne pathogens.","authors":"Nizar Fathima Mohamed Yunus Saleem, Ranjani Soundhararajan, Hemalatha Srinivasan","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04292-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04292-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green nanoparticles are economically beneficial and do not harm the environment as they are eco-friendly when compared with chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles. Contamination of food and food products with micro-organisms can cause food spoilage and food-borne diseases. This research mainly focuses on United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 3, 6, 9, 12), particularly in the areas of health, food safety, and sustainable innovation. The aim of the study was to synthesize Moringa oleifera flower mediated silver nanoparticles to control the growth and biofilm formation in isolated food - borne pathogens. The fresh extract obtained from the flowers of Moringa oleifera has been utilized for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Mo-AgNPs). The Mo-AgNPs were characterized by using various analytical techniques. In silico analysis has been carried out to know the binding potential of phytocompounds of Moringa oleifera with the virulent proteins of bacterial strains. The toxicity effect of Mo-AgNPs was evaluated by using seed germination studies with the seeds of Vigna radiata and evaluated the toxicity effect in Artemia nauplii based on its mortality rate. The novelty of the work is to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized Mo-AgNPs, antimicrobial assays including agar well diffusion, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Biofilm formation assay were performed in the bacterial strains isolated from spoiled food. Mo-AgNPs confirmed its nanosize by depicting the particle size as 12.73 nm with 0.115 mV. Mo-AgNPs showed potential benefit for plant growth and exhibited toxicity to Artemia nauplii at higher concentration. The maximum concentrations of Mo-AgNPs that inhibit and kill the isolated food - borne pathogens were 3.125 and 50 µg/ml respectively. Mo-AgNPs effectively reduced the biofilm formation in all the tested strains. Molecular docking studies confirmed that the Ellagic acid has the least value of - 8.6 and - 8.9 kcal/mol with beta lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae and beta lactamase OXY1 of Klebsiella oxytoca respectively. Quercetin, Apigenin, Riboflavin and kaempferol have lower values of - 7.7, - 7.6, - 7.8 and - 7 kcal/mol (Enterobacter cloacae) and - 8.3, - 7.8, - 7.9 and - 7.7 kcal/mol (Klebsiella oxytoca), respectively. Through this study it was proven that the synthesized Mo-AgNPs could have the potential to fight against the bacterial pathogens that are responsible for food - borne diseases and food spoilage. In the future, Mo-AgNPs can be utilized to develop food packaging biomaterials that can increase the shelf life and prevent food from spoilage.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sparse coding-based multiframe superresolution for efficient synchrotron radiation microspectroscopy.","authors":"Yasuhiko Igarashi, Naoka Nagamura, Masahiro Sekine, Hirokazu Fukidome, Hideitsu Hino, Masato Okada","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04291-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04291-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In nanostructure extraction, advanced techniques like synchrotron radiation and electron microscopy are often hindered by radiation damage and charging artifacts from long exposure times. This study presents a multiframe superresolution method using sparse coding to enhance synchrotron radiation microspectroscopy images. By reconstructing high-resolution images from multiple low-resolution ones, exposure time is minimized, reducing radiation effects, thermal drift, and sample degradation while preserving spatial resolution. Unlike deep learning-based superresolution methods, which overlook positional misalignment, our approach treats positional shifts as known control parameters, enhancing superresolution accuracy with a small, noisy dataset. Additionally, our sparse coding method learns an optimal dictionary tailored for nanostructure extraction, fine-tuning the SR process to the unique characteristics of the data, even with noise and limited samples. Applied to 3D nanoscale electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (nano-ESCA) data, our method, utilizing a high-resolution dictionary learned from 3D nano-ESCA datasets, significantly improves image quality, preserving structural details. Unlike state-of-the-art deep learning techniques that require large datasets, our method excels with limited data, making it ideal for real-world scenarios with constrained sample sizes. High-resolution quality can be maintained while reducing the measurement time by over [Formula: see text], highlighting the efficiency of our approach. The results underscore the potential of this superresolution technique to not only advance synchrotron radiation microspectroscopy but also to be adapted for other high-resolution imaging modalities, such as electron microscopy. This approach offers enhanced image quality, reduced exposure times, and improved interpretability of scientific data, making it a versatile tool for overcoming the challenges associated with radiation damage and sample degradation in nanoscale imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Energy efficient multi-level memory using paper based second order <ns0:math><ns0:msub><ns0:mtext>MLGraphene/MoO</ns0:mtext> <ns0:mn>3</ns0:mn></ns0:msub> </ns0:math> - Aloe vera/MLGraphene memristor device for emulating synaptic functionalities.","authors":"Meenu Maria Sunny, R Thamankar","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04272-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04272-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromorphic computing is an emerging architype representing a cutting-edge approach to computing that emulates the structure and function of human brain, leveraging neuroscience concepts to develop efficient, adaptive, and power conscious computing system surpassing the von Neumann architecture. Herein, we report artificial synaptic device defined on a paper using <math><msub><mtext>MoO</mtext> <mn>3</mn></msub> </math> embedded Aloe vera matrix as an active material. The multilayer graphene electrode (MLG) is drawn using pencil-on-paper (PoP) method. Devices could be programmed for multi bit-states to avail several conducting states ( <math><msup><mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi></msup> </math> with n = 1,2,3,4). Further, the devices can be operated at low energy consumption ( <math><mo>∼</mo></math> pJ) stable at ambient conditions. Activity dependent measurements show that the synaptic weight update depends on the history of activity. The potentiation and depression can be tuned by properly choosing the prior activity. The threshold frequency at which transition into potentiation occurs is shifted towards lower frequency and depends on the number of prior activities. The potentiation and depression curves indicate that the nonlinearity can be controlled by utilizing non-identical pulse sequences. The pencil-on-paper (PoP) method could represent a new frontier in electronic devices leading to the development of portable, environment friendly, and flexible synaptic devices for versatile synaptic and memory applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hosoya entropy analysis of some fullerene structures.","authors":"Ali N A Koam, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, Ali Ahmad, Abdullah Ali H Ahmadini, Bahreselam Sielu Abraha, Ibtisam Masmali","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04255-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04255-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the structural complexity of fullerene graphs using Hosoya entropy as a measure. The entropy values were calculated for various fullerene structures, including <math> <mrow><msubsup><mi>F</mi> <mrow><mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> <mi>s</mi></msubsup> <mo>,</mo></mrow> </math> <math><msubsup><mi>F</mi> <mrow><mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn></mrow> <mi>s</mi></msubsup> </math> and fullerenes ranging from C20 to C100.The relationship between the size of the fullerenes and the entropy is intuitively clear: the larger the fullerenes, the higher the value of entropy because of increased structural complexity and diversity of equivalence classes. Smaller fullerenes, like C20, have lower entropy, a consequence of their simpler and more symmetrical molecular structure. These findings provide theoretical insights into structural intricacies of fullerenes and their possible applications in material science and nanotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of antibiosis, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, molecular docking and dye degradation potential of green synthesized copper ferrite (CuFe₂O₄) nanoparticles using mushroom Pleurotus florida.","authors":"Beena Cherian, Tijo Cherian, Teena Merlin, Shilpa Jose","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04251-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04251-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study proposes a low-cost, environmentally benign manufacturing approach of copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄ NPs) via mushroom extract of Pleurotus florida (PFE) as the first-time report. Several characterization methods verified the production of PFE-CuFe₂O₄ NPs. The absorption spectrum exhibited the peak at 420 nm; band gap of 1.85 eV. The studies of SEM and TEM confirmed spherical and homogeneously distributed CuFe₂O₄ NPs with an average size of 22.4 ± 1.4 nm. The FTIR reported the presence of bio-essential molecules in PFE can act as a stabilizing and capping agent. The NPs were found to be fairly stable with zeta potential found at 28.9 ± 0.2 mV. Numerous in vitro biological investigations exemplified the applicability and practicality of CuFe₂O₄ NPs and compare them with the standard. The biofunctionalized CuFe₂O₄ NPs demonstrated a potent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Additionally, it was discovered that CuFe₂O₄ NPs have superior antioxidant activity (77-83%) and their scavenging ability is more comparable to ascorbic acid (control). Furthermore, a degradation efficiency of 91-92% was observed in 10-15 min for CuFe₂O₄ NPs in rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) dyes, indicating their remarkable effectiveness in this regard. Future research may focus on applying CuFe₂O₄ NPs to comprehensive wastewater treatment and determining the degradation products and ecological consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12209143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fundamentals of synthesis of the nanomaterials, properties, and emphasis on laser ablation in liquids: a brief review.","authors":"G Krishna Podagatlapalli","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04235-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04235-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Materials whose dimensions are less than 100 nm of diverse sizes and different shapes of the metal/semiconductor/insulator particles are known as nanomaterials. Nanomaterials exhibit very peculiar thermal, mechanical, electrical, optical, and chemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. When a bulk material is chopped to a nano-dimension, electrons are subjected to peculiar boundary conditions, eventually leading to the nanomaterials' special properties. Due to their exceptional properties, nanomaterials have unique applications in all branches of science. Consequently, the researchers explored many methods of synthesis of the nanomaterials. However, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, some methods are flexible in synthesizing nanoparticles with uniform size distribution and some are feasible to produce nanomaterials at higher yields. Different methods follow their own synthesis protocols, time durations, economical feasibility, and reproducibility. Most methods complement one another by producing nanomaterials of evenly distributed sizes, shapes, properties, etc. Amongst, the, laser ablation of metals/semiconductors/insulators immersed in a liquid medium is a well-known method of green synthesis of nanomaterials that utilizes no hazardous chemical precursors. Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) combines top-down and bottom-up approaches that do not require lengthy sample preparations, chemical surfactants, and sophisticated experimental methodologies. The physical processes involved in the LAL of different metals/semiconductors are discussed briefly. Additionally, the applications of nanomaterials in various fields of science are included and the review is concluded with the challenges and the future scope of LAL.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}