Discover nano最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Novel dual mitochondrial and CD44 receptor targeting nanoparticles for redox stimuli-triggered release.","authors":"Kaili Wang, Mengjiao Qi, Chunjing Guo, Yueming Yu, Bingjie Wang, Lei Fang, Mengna Liu, Zhen Wang, Xinxin Fan, Daquan Chen","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04294-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04294-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12314302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of honey bee venom-loaded calcium oxide nanocomposites and evaluation of their cytotoxic (MCF-7) and antifungal activity.","authors":"Vikram Jadhav, Arun Bhagare, Revannath Gurgude, Dnyaneshwar Lokhande, Shaktising Pardeshi, Jayraj Aher","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04322-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04322-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we studied a sonication-assisted method to synthesize Apis mellifera honey bee venom-loaded calcium oxide nanocomposites (BVNPs@CaO NCs). It effectively maintains the bioactivity and stability of the BV bioactive components on the surface of the CaO nanomaterials, showing potential bio-medicinal applications. The crude BV was purified and homogenized, and BVNPs were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis. At the same time, CaO nanomaterials were synthesized using an extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and combined with a sonication-assisted method to produce BVNPs@CaONCs. Using several characterizations, their irregular shape morphology was confirmed through TEM, revealing an interplanar spacing of 0.24 nm. The SAED pattern exhibited high crystallinity, as indicated by distinct diffraction rings and values of 7.26 (1/nm) and 6.38 (1/nm), corresponding to specific interplanar spacings within the crystal lattice/planes. The XRD analysis provided the crystal structure and revealed an average crystallite size of 31.47 nm. FTIR analysis shows O-H (3557 cm^-1), N-H (3233 cm^-1), C = N (202 cm^-1), and Ca-O (620, 475 cm^-1) stretching vibrations. UV-Vis spectroscopy shows maximum absorbance at 303 nm. Cytotoxicity was tested against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with a calculated IC₅₀ value for the NCs of 78.72 ± 0.13 µg/mL, demonstrating significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity compared to BVNPS and prominent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12314279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized from Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) root extract as nanocatalysts and in vitro antibacterial activity of Au-Ag alloy.","authors":"Gayeon Lee, Youmie Park","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04313-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04313-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were green-synthesized using Korean red ginseng root extract as a reducing agent, and both types of nanoparticles were used as seeds for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs). Five types of BNPs were synthesized by adding gold ions, platinum ions, and palladium ions to the seed colloidal solution. The synthesized BNPs were thoroughly characterized via UV‒visible spectrophotometry, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy with elemental mapping, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering. The average sizes of the gold-silver BNPs (Au-Ag) (16.59 ± 5.14 nm), palladium-silver BNPs (Pd-Ag) (45.34 ± 15.14 nm), platinum-silver BNPs (Pt-Ag) (39.95 ± 9.59 nm), palladium-gold BNPs (Pd-Au) (11.09 ± 2.17 nm) and platinum-gold BNPs (Pt-Au) (12.14 ± 3.39 nm) were measured from FE-TEM images. Five types of BNPs had an alloy structure with a face-centered cubic crystallinity. In addition, Au-Ag, Pt-Au and Pd-Au were spherical, whereas Pt-Ag and Pd-Ag had sea urchin-like shapes. The atomic percentages of Pd-Ag and Pt-Ag demonstrated approximately the same ratio (50:50) of bimetals. Moreover, the spherical BNPs were composed of approximately 70% Au, and the remaining 30% consisted of Ag, Pd or Pt. Catalytic applications demonstrated that Pd-Au, with the smallest average size, had the highest catalytic activity for methyl orange (22.29 × 10^-3/sec) and Congo red degradation (12.08 × 10^-3/sec) reactions. Specifically, the highest antibacterial activity of Au-Ag at the minimum inhibitory concentration was observed against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Van-A-type Enterococcus faecium with 9.8 μg/mL Ag and 17.3 μg/mL Au. The newly-synthesized BNPs provide nanoplatforms to explore their catalytic properties and antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the green synthesis strategy avoids the use of noxious chemicals and increases the value of Korean red ginseng root for future nanotechnology applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of nanoparticles in cocos nucifera pollen extract using aluminium nitrate nanohydrate with biomedical application and food preservative container.","authors":"Yuvaraj Tamilselvi, Moorthy Muruganandham, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Dhakshan Prakash Vijayalakshmi, Tamilselvan Amirthalingam, Daram Sairam Reddy, Avula Madhav, Jeyanthi Rebecca, Poorni Santhana Krishnan, Sivanraju Rajkumar, Palanivel Velmurugan","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04318-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04318-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green nanoparticle synthesis, which avoids the use of hazardous chemicals, offers a sustainable alternative to traditional techniques. The purpose of this study was to create aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ NPs) by utilizing pollen extract from Cocos nucifera and aluminium nitrate nanohydrate. The spherical shape of the nanoparticles, which ranged in size from 10 to 100 nm and had a prominent absorption peak at 281 nm, was shown by characterization using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The existence of biomolecules that served as capping and reducing agents was verified by FTIR. An IC₅₀ of 43.17% indicated that the produced Al₂O₃ NPs had considerable antioxidant activity. MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) values of 0.625 mg/mL were found in antibacterial experiments, which demonstrated considerable inhibition zones against E. coli (up to 21 mm) and S. aureus (up to 16 mm). E coli and S. aureus biofilm formation was reduced by 72.46% and 48.55%, respectively, by the nanoparticles. The food-grade covered containers maintained their antibacterial properties even after being cleaned, suggesting that they could be used as environmentally beneficial food preservatives. This work emphasizes how green-synthesised Al₂O₃ NPs can be used in environmentally friendly food packaging. The long-term performance and safety under actual storage circumstances should be the main topics of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphophysiological attributes of AMF inoculated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ameliorated by resorcinol, biochar and nanobiochar.","authors":"Sakina Bibi, Rehman Ullah, Tanvir Burni, Zakir Ullah, Jamal Uddin, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Mohsin Kazi","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04307-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04307-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food consumption will rise rapidly as the global population grows over the next several decades. The current agricultural production system cannot solve this challenge, forcing crop growth to experience more adverse conditions. To promote the long-term sustainability of crop production and reduce reliance on excessive agrochemical use, the implementation of integrated nutrient management systems that involve the combination of chemical and biological fertilizers represents an enormous challenge. The experiment aimed to improve tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) germination, agronomic, and physiological characteristics through seed priming and foliar spraying with resorcinol (0.1 µM/L), biochar (30 mg/L), and nanobiochar (30 mg/L) and inoculation with or without a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Physico-chemical characterization of nano-biochar revealed the presence of elements like carbon, oxygen, calcium, and silicon. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the presence of functional groups and a mix of crystalline and amorphous structures. The surface showed a moderate negative zeta potential with particles averaging hydrodynamic size of around 77 nm.Notably, either alone or in combination with nanobiochar, resorcinol-primed seeds significantly improved tomato seed germination parameters, such as the germination rate index (GRI), emergence energy (EE), coefficient velocity of germination (CVG), final germination percentage (FGP), and seed vigor index (SVI), resulting in a decrease in the mean germination time (MGT) in both the Saaho and Lerica varieties. AMF inoculation and foliar application of biochar and nanobiochar considerably improved shoot (109.57 ± 0.88, 103.00 ± 0.93 cm), and root length (21.89 ± 0.21, 21.40 ± 0.20cm) and leaf area. Furthermore, increases in the biomass of shoots and fruits under fresh and dry conditions were also investigated. Treatment T13 notably boosted the levels of flavonoids (3.54 ± 0.01, 3.36 ± 0.01 mg/g), total phenol (21.23 ± 0.08, 20.31 ± 0.06 mg/g), total protein contents (44.97 ± 0.45, 42.55 ± 0.41 µg/g), total soluble sugar contents (47.97 ± 0.49, 44.88 ± 0.31 µg/g), and anthocyanin contents (0.70 ± 0.00, 0.68 ± 0.00 mg/g) in both Saaho and Lerica tomato varieties compared to the control. The activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited significant increases in response to treatment T13, showing enhancements of (6.93 ± 0.02, 6.84 ± 0.01 units/g) for CAT, and (6.14 ± 0.02, 5.87 ± 0.04 units/g) for APX, respectively. In contrast, proline levels (3.55 ± 0.02, 3.02 ± 0.00 mg/g) declined in both tomato varieties. The present research showed that resorcinol-functionalized nanobiochar has a beneficial influence on germination parameters and that nanobiofertilizer has a synergistic influence on the morphophysiological properties of tomato plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient encapsulation of CRISPR-Cas9 RNP in bioreducible nanogels and release in a cytosol-mimicking environment.","authors":"Peter Westarp, Thorsten Keller, Jessica Brand, Sonja Horvat, Krystyna Albrecht, Chase Beisel, Juergen Groll","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04316-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04316-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CRISPR/Cas9-mediated programmable gene editing has disrupted the biotechnology industry since it was first described in 2012. Safe in vivo delivery is a key bottleneck for its therapeutic use. Viral vector-mediated delivery raises concerns due to immunogenicity, long-term expression, and genomic disruption. Delivery of pre-complexed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) reduces off-target effects, and recombinant Cas9 production is more cost-effective than viral vector synthesis. CRISPR-Cas RNPs do not possess intrinsic cell entry mechanisms, and physical delivery methods are confined to ex vivo editing, necessitating non-viral delivery approaches. Nanogels (NG) are biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles capable of entrapping proteins. Here, we report the first proof of principle that NGs from thiol-functionalized polyglycidol can entrap active RNPs with high efficiency (60 ± 2%). We call these particles CRISPR-Gels. A commercially available E. coli lysate for cell-free transcription and translation (TXTL) was used to mimic the intracellular reductive degradation of NGs while providing a real-time fluorescence readout of RNP activity. Degradation and RNP activity were observed within 30-90 min. The described TXTL assay can be utilized to evaluate the release of RNP in a cytosol-mimicking environment from redox-sensitive nanoparticles in a high-throughput and cost-effective way. Further studies are needed to assess the in vitro and in vivo performance of CRISPR-Gels.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of silver silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) nanoparticles using macadamia nutshell xylan extract, characterization and evaluation of its antibacterial activity.","authors":"Andrew K Yegon, Joshua Akinropo Oyetade, Stanslaus G Mtavangu, Mwemezi J Rwiza, Revocatus L Machunda","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04192-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04192-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is unprecedented emergence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria which demand urgent development of novel strategies to combat bacterial infections in humans. In this study, we report on a facile and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver-silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) using macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) nutshell (MNS) agro-waste. The effects of physicochemical parameters including pH, Ag ion precursor concentration, time, and temperature were investigated. The biosynthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs sample was characterized using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, field emission scanning spectroscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). UV-Vis spectroscopy exhibited surface plasmon resonance (SPR) between 420 and 446 nm typical for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). FT-IR spectroscopy provided an insight of the phytochemicals responsible for the reduction of Ag⁺ into Ag^o and capping/stabilizing the formed Ag/AgCl-NPs. XRD spectroscopy revealed the formation of crystalline Ag/AgCl-NPs with characteristic peaks at around 38.3°, 44.1°, 64.6°, and 77.5° for AgNPs, and 28.9°, 31.9°, 45.4°, 56.3°, and 66.1° for AgCl NPs. FE-SEM spectroscopy exhibited spherical and block like morphologies of agglomerated Ag/AgCl-NPs. TEM illustrated polydisperse spherical shapes of Ag/AgCl-NPs with average particle sizes of 31.11 nm. EDX confirmed the presence of Ag and Cl elements confirming the formation of Ag/AgCl-NPs. The antibacterial activity of the green synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs was performed using disc diffusion method and the zone inhibition (ZOI) evaluation showed their effectiveness against Gram negative (E. coli) and Gram positive (S. aureus).</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformative bioprinting: 4D printing and its role in the evolution of engineering and personalized medicine.","authors":"Vidhi Mathur, Prachi Agarwal, Meghana Kasturi, S Varadharajan, Elsa Sanatombi Devi, Kirthanashri S Vasanthan","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04230-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04230-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transformative bioprinting, particularly 4D printing, is revolutionizing the field of biofabrication, offering dynamic solutions that respond to external stimuli. This paper explores the underlying mechanisms, materials, and stimuli that enable 4D printing to fabricate responsive and adaptive constructs. Section 1 delves into the foundational aspects of 4D bioprinting, detailing the stimuli-responsive materials, such as hydrogels and shape-memory polymers, and the mechanisms that drive their transformation. Additionally, the role of external factors, including temperature, pH, and magnetic or light-based stimuli, is analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of this evolving technology. Section 2 focuses on the diverse applications of 4D bioprinting, particularly in biomedical sciences. Key use cases include tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and the creation of adaptive implants. Beyond healthcare, the potential for smart structures in fields like robotics and aerospace is highlighted, showcasing the technology's ability to deliver tailored, dynamic solutions across various domains. Section 3 categorizes additive manufacturing techniques relevant to 4D printing, offering an in-depth classification and comparison. This includes extrusion-based, vat polymerization, and inkjet printing technologies, emphasizing their compatibility with stimuli-responsive materials. Section 4 shifts focus to commercial advancements, presenting a classification of 4D bioprinters available in the market. The economic barriers, challenges in scalability, and ease of application for these printers are critically examined. Proposed solutions, such as innovative material sourcing, streamlined design strategies, and integration with AI for optimized performance, are presented to address these issues. This work provides a roadmap for integrating 4D bioprinting into scalable and cost-effective production, pushing the boundaries of biofabrication. It serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and industries aiming to harness the transformative potential of 4D printing for adaptive and functional applications across various domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleation in microemulsions: a case study of Ir-Pd nanoparticles.","authors":"Concha Tojo","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04315-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04315-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface segregation of components is a key factor in determining the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of bimetallic nanoparticles. In this study, computer simulations are used to analyze the metal distribution of Ir-Pd nanoparticles synthesized via microemulsions. Based on the high difference between the reduction potentials, an Ir-core/Pd-shell structure is expected. However, experimental results have shown a higher Ir fraction at the surface (15-23%). The hypothesis is that this unexpected results may be due to differences in nucleation rates. To investigate this, we performed a systematic study on the influence of critical nucleus size on the final nanostructure when the two metals have very different reduction rates. Our aim was to determine the conditions under which Ir can reach the nanoparticle surface. The results confirm that the large difference in reduction rates mainly governs metal segregation, leading to core-shell structures. However, when the concentration is close to the critical nucleus value, a slower nucleation rate results in higher Ir enrichment at the surface. It can be attributed to both a slow homoatomic nucleation rate and to a slow heteroatomic nucleation rate of Ir-Pd. At higher concentrations, this effect disappears as the higher reactant availability facilitates nucleation, resulting in similar metal segregation regardless of the critical nucleus size. Good agreement between experimental and simulation results supports the conclusions of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-nanoscale laser subsurface vertical modification of 4H-SiC semiconductor materials: mechanisms, processes, and challenges.","authors":"Hongmei Li, Hongwei Wang, Yuxin Li, Xiwen Lu, Lin Li, Yinzhou Yan, Wei Guo","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04309-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04309-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wide-bandgap semiconductor materials, exemplified by silicon carbide (SiC), have emerged as pivotal materials in semiconductor devices due to their exceptional chemical stability, high electron mobility, and thermal stability. With the rapid development of microelectronic devices and integrated optical circuits, the demand for high-yield and high-quality processing of SiC wafer has intensified. Traditional SiC wafer processing technologies suffer from low efficiency and high material loss, making it difficult to meet industrial demands. Therefore, the development of efficient, low-damage processing techniques has become a pressing issue in the SiC wafer processing field. Ultrashort pulsed laser processing, with its advantages of contact free processing, no mechanical stress, and small heat-affected zones, has garnered significant attention in SiC wafer processing in recent years. By generating a modified layer within the material, laser processing plays a crucial role in wafer fabrication. However, the key challenge lies in precisely controlling the thickness of the modified layer down to the micro-nano scale to minimize material loss. This review systematically discusses the interaction mechanisms and modification processes of laser with wide-bandgap semiconductor SiC materials. It focuses on the core issue in laser modification technology, where nonlinear effects make it difficult to precisely control the modification layer depth, thereby affecting both modification quality and processing efficiency. To address this, the paper summarizes the differences in modification mechanisms with lasers of varying pulse durations and proposes a multi-strategy solution to improve modification quality and processing efficiency through pulse control and synergistic optimization of process parameters. Additionally, this review provides a comprehensive overview of advanced SiC wafer detachment processes, including cold cracking stripping, chemically assisted stripping, ultrasonic stripping, and multi-laser composite stripping, and identifies the primary challenges and future directions in the field of SiC wafer processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"20 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}