Discover nano最新文献

{"title":"Green synthesis and characterization of Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles using Cuminum cyminum seed for antimicrobial and cytotoxic evaluation.","authors":"Muhammad Gohar, Atika Mumtaz, Umar Asim, Kanwal Shahzadi, Sidra Majeed, Muhammad Ismail, Elias Assayahegn, Shabnam Javed","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05046-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05046-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green synthesis provides an alternative to traditional chemical processes of nanomaterials preparation, which is cost-effective and environmentally benign. This paper has demonstrated synthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi₂O₃ NPs) using Cuminum cyminum seed extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent of bismuth nitrate precursor. The formation of nanoparticles was first signaled by a change of color of reaction mixture to be visible and subsequent analysis by physicochemical characterization. The UV-Visible spectroscopy displayed absorbance at 300 nm, and FTIR gave results that showed Bi-O-related absorption and phytochemical functional groups, which indicated the formation of bismuth oxide nanoparticles stabilized by plant-derived biomolecules. The crystalline character of the nanoparticles produced was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis with estimated crystallite size of approximately 136.9 nm. SEM analysis revealed irregular and strongly agglomerated structures. Image analysis of clearly distinguishable agglomerates indicated apparent dimensions of approximately 0.20-2.00 μm, with highest frequency in the 0.60-0.80 μm interval; however, individual primary particles could not be resolved reliably. The Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles biosynthesized had antimicrobial and antifungal effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger with Candida albicans being the most sensitive. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies revealed that HeLa and MCF-7 cell proliferation were greatly inhibited by synthesized nanoparticles, which indicates the possibility of biomedical applications of the synthesized nanoparticles. All in all, this work shows an easy and environmentally friendly path to green synthesis of Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles using Cuminum cyminum seed extract and reflects on their potential to have antimicrobial and cytotoxic capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and neural-network analysis of Casson hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a sinusoidally stenosed artery.","authors":"Muhammad Zeshan, Kashif Ali, Shahzad Ahmad, Huma Gull, Muhammad Jawad, Qasem M Al-Mdallal","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04991-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-04991-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigate unsteady flow and heat transfer in a blood-based Casson hybrid nanofluid containing Al₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as it passes through a rigid artery with a mild sinusoidal stenosis. The formulation includes a transverse magnetic field, Hall-current effects, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating. Under the long-wavelength approximation, the governing equations reduce to local radial initial-boundary-value problems. These problems are mapped onto a fixed domain and solved with a forward-time central-space (FTCS) scheme that uses a separate stencil at the centreline. Particular attention is given to the effects of the Casson, magnetic, Hall, Reynolds, Prandtl, and Eckert parameters, as well as the two nanoparticle volume fractions, on the velocity, temperature, wall shear stress, and local Nusselt number. We interpret the observed trends through the balance among viscous resistance, Lorentz damping, radial diffusion, internal heating, and the effective properties of the suspension. Parameter-specific Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural networks are also trained to interpolate the FTCS data. In most of the sampled cases, the network follows the numerical profiles closely. However, a small number of negative centreline-temperature predictions make clear that a low overall error does not always imply physically acceptable behaviour at every point. The neural-network results should therefore be viewed as interpolation within the sampled ranges, while the physical conclusions remain tied to the assumptions of the idealized single-phase arterial model. Clinical trial registration: Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomedicines based on renewable materials for sustainable drug delivery and biomedical imaging applications.","authors":"Vishal Kumar, Md Maruf Uz Zaman, Carl-Eric Wilén, Jessica M Rosenholm, Kuldeep K Bansal","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04996-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-04996-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the application of nanoscale materials, nanomedicine is redefining and improving the delivery of pharmaceuticals and molecular bioimaging probes, providing novel approaches to disease diagnosis, management, and treatment. As in many other fields, renewable materials are becoming increasingly important in nanomedicine because they offer sustainable alternatives to fossil-based resources and are often biodegradable and biocompatible. Additionally, these materials are replenishable in nature, and some can be derived or recovered from industrial and agro-industrial waste streams. In this review, we critically evaluate nanomedicines fabricated from renewable polymers, polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids for drug delivery and biomedical imaging, together with their physicochemical and biological characterization. Particular emphasis is placed on how material origin and physicochemical properties influence formulation performance and clinical readiness. Rather than considering renewable origin alone as an indicator of translational suitability, the major material classes are compared in terms of source consistency, biodegradability, imaging functionality, and regulatory maturity. Recent developments reported during 2020-2026 are discussed, with particular attention to the objectives and key findings of the developed nanomedicines. Additionally, their applications in the treatment of various diseases and in biomedical imaging are reviewed. The review also highlights key translational barriers, and evidence gaps that must be addressed to advance renewable material-based nanomedicines from proof-of-concept systems toward reproducible, scalable, and clinically relevant products.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding and future scope of nanotechnology enabled epidermal care using cosmetics and cosmeceuticals.","authors":"Vishesh Kumar Gangwar, Sanjesh Singh, Anuj Rana, Sarita Dhaka, Rahul Kumar Dhaka, S K Panday, Krishna Pal Singh","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04945-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-04945-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology has a significant role in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals for epidermal care. In this review, mechanisms of nanomaterial penetration into the skin and penetration pathways, key physicochemical factors, as well as the various models, namely in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, used to investigate nanoparticle behavior with the epidermis, have been discussed. The roles of nanocarriers and active ingredients have been discussed in the design and development of nanoformulations to address limitations of conventional topical formulations, including poor solubility, instability, and limited skin penetration of active ingredients. Furthermore, they improve skin hydration, promote skin repair, and support anti-aging and antioxidant functions, influencing their effectiveness, along with safety, environmental sustainability, and global regulatory frameworks for nanomaterials in skin care products. Future research should focus on sustainable nanomaterials and advanced toxicological assessment methods to ensure consumer safety without compromising product efficacy. The details of analysis and characterization of active ingredients and nanomaterials-based formulations in epidermal care have been provided. Furthermore, the guidelines from India, the EU, and the USA are briefly provided to support stakeholders. Finally, future research directions are highlighted, with particular emphasis on integrative design strategies that combine experimental evaluation with theoretical and in silico toxicity prediction models to ensure consumer safety while maintaining product efficacy.Clinical trial number: Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering metal-organic frameworks as precision nanomedicines for myocardial infarction therapy.","authors":"Kaijing Liu, Yuguang Liu, Aiai Zhang, Xiaolei Han","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05038-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05038-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. However, current therapeutic paradigms are limited in their ability to modulate the post-infarction pathological microenvironment with spatiotemporal precision. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of crystalline porous coordination polymers, offer exceptional structural programmability through their ultra-high specific surface areas, tunable pore architectures, and customizable surface chemistries. These properties have positioned MOFs as promising platforms for targeted MI therapy. In this review, the molecular design principles for constructing MOFs as precise nanomedicines for myocardial infarction are examined. Structural strategies-including stimulus-responsive drug delivery, biomimetic nanoplatforms, theranostic systems, and biohybrid constructs-are systematically analyzed with respect to their capacity to modulate the post-infarction microenvironment. The mechanisms underlying MOF-mediated cardiac repair are critically evaluated, with emphasis on oxidative stress regulation, inflammatory microenvironment reprogramming, and angiogenesis promotion. Key translational barriers, including biosafety assessment, scalable manufacturing, delivery-route optimization, and validation in large-animal models, are also discussed. Finally, future directions involving multi-omics-guided architectural design, organ-on-chip technology, 3D-printed cardiac patches, regulatory science, and a testable research agenda are proposed. Although MOF-based MI therapies remain at the preclinical stage, these convergent efforts may accelerate the bench-to-bedside translation of MOF-based precision nanomedicines for cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHD Natural convection and entropy generation of Fe₃O₄-MgO/water hybrid nanofluid in an inclined enclosure with flower-shaped heated fins.","authors":"Basma Souayeh, Najib Hdhiri","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05000-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05000-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlling both the heat removal and the associated irreversibility is a central requirement in compact energy-storage and electronic-cooling systems containing multiple localized heat sources. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection and entropy generation in an inclined enclosure filled with a binary hybrid nanofluid composed of magnetite (Fe₃O₄)) and magnesium oxide (MgO) dispersed in water. The dimensionless governing equations for continuity, momentum, and energy are solved using the finite volume method (FVM) implemented in a FORTRAN-based computational code. The simulation is conducted for a wide range of controlling parameters, including Rayleigh number (Ra=10³-10⁶), Hartmann number (Ha=0-75), enclosure inclination angle (γ = 0°-120°), and nanoparticle volume fraction (φ = 0-4%). In addition to the governing parameters, four geometric configurations (C1-C4) of heated flower-shaped internal fins are examined to assess the impact of heat source placement on flow circulation. The results show that increasing Ra and φ intensifies buoyancy-driven circulation and enhances the average Nusselt number, while higher Ha values suppress convection due to the Lorentz force. At Ra=10⁶ and φ = 0.04, raising Ha from 0 to 75 reduces the Nusselt number by 21.9% at γ = 0° but only 12.7% at γ = 60°, so tilting lowers the sensitivity to the field. Without a field the vertical enclosure performs best, whereas under a field the tilted one becomes superior by 5-7.2%. Further noteworthy findings and comprehensive discussions are provided throughout the remainder of this study. These findings provide important guidance for the optimal design of MHD thermal systems incorporating complex internal heat sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting ubiquitin-dependent mitochondrial autophagy and apoptosis in sarcopenia: the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals.","authors":"Yan Zeng, Ping Wang","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05041-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05041-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia is a progressive degenerative disease of skeletal muscle closely associated with aging, disuse, and chronic diseases, affecting approximately 10-16% of the global older adult population. Its core pathological basis lies in the disruption of skeletal muscle cell proteostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. At the molecular level, excessive degradation of structural proteins mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system forms an intertwined vicious cycle with the inability of ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy to clear damaged organelles, ultimately triggering irreversible cell death programmes within an oxidative stress and inflammatory microenvironment. Due to the high complexity and molecular crosstalk within this cell fate-determining network, traditional single-target interventions often yield limited therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, phytochemicals (such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins) have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in the field of sarcopenia due to their unique multi-target, multi-pathway synergistic regulatory advantages. This article reviews the dual-faceted regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitination in skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality control, protein hydrolysis, and apoptosis escape and provides an analysis of how phytochemicals achieve autophagy-promoting, anti-apoptotic, and anti-degradative skeletal muscle protection. However, oral bioavailability is often below 1%, microbiota-dependent metabolism, and the absence of phase III clinical trials have hindered the translational application of phytochemicals. This paper explores the use of nano-delivery systems to overcome the bioavailability bottleneck of phytochemicals, as well as translational application strategies based on the gut-muscle axis to reshape the in vivo metabolism of natural products. This review aims to provide a solid theoretical foundation for the development of novel phytochemical-derived drugs targeting ubiquitination and apoptosis networks and to chart a course for reversing skeletal muscle ageing and enhancing human healthspan.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligent computing of hybrid nano suspension for enhanced thermal mechanism in Jeffery Hamel configuration.","authors":"Adnan, Ali Khwaldeh, Mohamed Arbi Khlifi, Ahmed Najat Ahmed, Ayele Tulu, Taoufik Saidani, Muhammad Nasir Bashir, Sana Ullah Saqib","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04980-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-04980-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanofluids have potential role in the heat transfer enhancement for engineering applications. These fluids together with physical controls change the dynamics of flow inside oblique channel. Thus, this work focuses on the organization of hybrid model using dissipation function and enhanced properties nanoparticles (NiZnFe₂O₄, and MnZnFe₂O₄). The similarity transforms used in the governing model and obtain a new model for hybrid nanofluids. The output estimated in the form of graphical results using Levenberg Marquardt Back Propagation scheme under multiple variations. It is noticed that the velocity is maximum towards the middle line of the channel and backflow observed in the surrounding of walls. Higher concentration declines the velocity due to improved density while Reynolds number enhances it. Further, the temperature is also scrutinized optimum about [Formula: see text] for Eckert and Reynolds number, which represents the central part of the physical domain. The skin friction improves from 3.87182 to 3.88703, 0.76311 to 0.77658 against [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The significant increase (7.63195 to 8.09306, and 4.68020 to 4.96782) in the heat transfer gradient is observed for 1.0% to 4.0% concentration factor. The convergence of the model achieved excellently in the form of error histogram ([Formula: see text]), MSE from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], best validation performance from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] (velocity case), [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] (temperature case) at epochs 1000. The heat transport through such configuration has potential relevance to the thermal transport in cooling of drilling, mining machinery, and mines equipment. Such problems can also be useful for heat transport systems associated with deep mine energy and waste heat recovery which required effective heat removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel phase-controlled Al_2.66O_3.99/iron oxide nanocomposites for rapid Cu(II) removal from acidic water.","authors":"Zahra Gholizadeh, Mohammed J Al-Awady, Maryam Aliannezhadi","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04999-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-04999-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, alumina/iron oxide nanocomposites are synthesized via a simple, cost-effective co-precipitation method and investigated for the removal of copper ions from acidic aqueous media. Five samples with varying iron oxide phase contents are prepared by varying the precursor molar ratios. Structural analysis confirms the coexistence of Al₂.₆₆O₃.₉₉ and iron oxide phases, while Rietveld refinement reveals that the iron oxide phase fraction increases from 0.2% to 67.2% across the synthesized samples. The nanocomposites are characterized in detail using a range of analytical methods, including structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and elemental analyses. Magnetic measurements indicate soft-magnetic behavior, with an enhanced response observed in the sample with the highest iron oxide content. The experimental results demonstrate rapid uptake of Cu(II), with significant removal occurring within the first few minutes and removal efficiencies exceeding 90% after 90 min for most samples. Nonlinear kinetic analysis indicates that the pseudo-second-order model provides a good description of Cu(II) adsorption behavior, while complementary characterization elucidates the underlying adsorption interactions. Owing to their tunable phase composition and effective Cu(II) adsorption performance, these alumina/iron oxide nanocomposites show potential for wastewater treatment in mildly acidic aqueous media.Clinical trial number: Not Applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-coated anodized titanium surfaces for enhanced in vitro cytocompatibility and early osteogenic activity.","authors":"Nandita Suresh, Nebu G Thomas, Matti Mauramo, Tuomas Waltimo, Timo Sorsa, Sukumaran Anil","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05032-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05032-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize a carrier-free curcumin coating applied by dip-coating to acid-etched and anodized Ti-6Al-4 V (Cur-Ti) and to compare its in vitro cytocompatibility and early osteogenic activity, measured as total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, with those of a sol-gel hydroxyapatite coating (HA-Ti) prepared on the same substrate and of uncoated anodized titanium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Grade 5 titanium discs were acid-etched, anodized to form a TiO₂ nanotube layer, and coated with curcumin by dip-coating from a dimethyl sulfoxide solution or with HA by a sol-gel process. Coatings were characterized by FESEM, XRD, FTIR, confocal Raman, and UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy. Cytocompatibility was assessed by the MTT assay in L929 fibroblasts and MG-63 osteoblast-like cells at 24 and 48 h according to ISO 10993-5, and total ALP activity was measured in MG-63 cells cultured on uncoated Ti, HA-Ti, and Cur-Ti for 7 and 14 days (n = 6 discs per group per time point). Coating thickness, curcumin loading and release, and ALP normalized to protein or DNA were not measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Characterization confirmed a continuous, conformal, amorphous curcumin layer with intact functional groups on the anodized substrate. Relative to HA-Ti, MTT viability on Cur-Ti was higher by 13.1% and 10.6% in L929 cells and by 13.4% and 11.9% in MG-63 cells at 24 and 48 h, respectively (all p ≤ 0.003; Cohen's d 2.2 to 6.2), and both coatings exceeded the 70% viability threshold of ISO 10993-5. Total ALP activity on Cur-Ti was 164.62 ± 3.71 U/L at day 7 and 229.82 ± 2.51 U/L at day 14, which was 70.2% and 114.9% above uncoated Ti and 24.1% and 28.8% above HA-Ti (Tukey HSD, p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A carrier-free curcumin coating on anodized Ti-6Al-4 V supported higher cytocompatibility and higher total early osteogenic (ALP) activity than a conventional sol-gel HA coating on the same substrate. Because ALP was not normalized per cell and cell-free MTT controls were not included, these findings indicate an early osteogenic signal at the well level rather than enhanced differentiation per cell. Curcumin loading and release, antibacterial activity, wettability, coating adhesion, and corrosion behavior were not evaluated and are identified as priorities for future work before any multifunctional claim can be made.</p>","PeriodicalId":72828,"journal":{"name":"Discover nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}