Current research in physiology最新文献

{"title":"Muscle activity of the lower extremities during exergames with varying movement demands in older adults (Registered Report - Stage I).","authors":"Thomas C Kosiolek, Dirk Möller, Eleftheria Giannouli","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines lower-leg muscle activity during four exergames with varying movement demands in older adults. A secondary objective is to compare individual muscle activity across the exergames.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Exergaming, which combines physical exercise with interactive video games, is increasingly used in older adults' rehabilitation, improving balance, strength, and cognitive function. Prior research suggests that different exergames engage specific motor functions. However, the activity of key lower-leg muscles-critical for balance-has not been systematically analyzed across exergames with varying movement demands (e.g., weight shifts, multidirectional steps, stepping in place, and walking).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study investigates muscle activity of the M. tibialis anterior, M. gastrocnemius, and M. soleus during four exergames using surface EMG. Muscle activity is quantified as Root Mean Square (RMS 100) values and normalized to the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Exergames are performed on the Dividat Senso platform, each emphasizing different movement patterns: multidirectional stepping, balance shifting, stepping in place, and whole-platform stepping. Thirty older adults (≥65 years) with no major functional or cognitive impairments (SPPB ≥7, MoCA ≥26) will be recruited. Exclusion criteria include severe motor impairments, mobility restrictions, extreme visual impairments, unstable cardiovascular conditions, or language barriers. Muscle activity will be compared across exergames using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), followed by univariate ANOVAs to identify specific differences.</p><p><strong>Potential significance: </strong>This study will identify muscle-specific activity patterns during exergames, informing targeted rehabilitation and exergame design. Findings may improve training strategies for balance enhancement and fall prevention in older adults, with potential benefits for healthcare cost reduction and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"100158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-generated multiple-choice questions in health science education: Stakeholder perspectives and implementation considerations","authors":"Matthew Reid ,&nbsp;Michelle French ,&nbsp;Stavroula Andreopoulos ,&nbsp;Christine Wong ,&nbsp;Nohjin Kee","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are widely used in health science education because they are an efficient way to evaluate knowledge from simple recall to complex clinical reasoning. The creation of high-quality MCQs, however, can be time-consuming and requires expertise in question composition. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), especially large language models (LLMs), offer the potential to allow for the rapid generation of high-quality, consistent, and course-specific MCQs. Here we discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of the use of this technology in the generation of MCQs, including ensuring the accuracy and fairness of questions, along with technical, ethical, and privacy considerations. We offer practical guiding principles for the implementation of AI-generated MCQs and outline future research areas related to their impact on student learning and educational quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"You don't know what you don't know; using high school outreach to improve awareness of bioscience-based careers and higher education","authors":"Christine Greensmith ,&nbsp;David Greensmith","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When considering the diversity of students in higher education, an important but frequently overlooked characteristic is socioeconomic background. It is well known that those from socially disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to progress to higher education, and accounts for an associated lack of diversity in the STEM workplace. The reasons for this are many and complex, though a lack of awareness of STEM-based education thence career pathways among secondary school learners remains a key contributor. To address this, we designed an adaptable and scalable high school outreach programme that sought to raise STEM (with a focus on bioscience) awareness through events that could be readily adapted to meet high school needs and resource constraints. Learner perceptions were recorded using a pre- and post-event questionnaire. Following the event, awareness of bioscience-based careers and the required prerequisite skills and qualifications were increased by 58 and 53 % respectively. The degree to which learners were considering a bioscience-based career was increased by 43 %. Though interest in attending university to study STEM was unaltered, awareness of the qualifications required to progress to university was increased by 58 %. These findings suggest that outreach events are an effective way to raise general awareness of STEM-based higher education learning thence careers and highlight the importance of tailoring outreach events to meet school and learner needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From molecular to physical function: The aging trajectory","authors":"Tom A.H. Janssen ,&nbsp;Caroline V. Lowisz ,&nbsp;Stuart Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is accompanied by a decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical function, a condition known as sarcopenia. Muscle disuse attributed to decreased physical activity, hospitalization, or illness (e.g. sarcopenia) results in a rapid decline in muscle mass in aging individuals and effectively accelerates sarcopenia. Consuming protein at levels above (at least 50–100% higher) the current recommended intakes of ∼0.8 g protein/kg bodyweight/d, along with participating in both resistance and aerobic exercise, will aid in the preservation of muscle mass. Physiological muscle adaptations often accompany the observable changes in physical independence an older adult undergoes. Muscle fibre adaptations include a reduction in type 2 fibre size and number, a loss of motor units, reduced sensitivity to calcium, reduced elasticity, and weak cross-bridges. Mitochondrial function and structure are impaired in relation to aging and are worsened with inactivity and disease states but could be overcome by engaging in exercise. Intramuscular connective tissue adaptations with age are evident in animal models; however, the adaptations in collagenous tissue within human aging are less clear. We know that the satellite muscle cell pool decreases with age, and there is a reduced capacity for muscle repair/regeneration. Finally, a pro-inflammatory state associated with age has detrimental impacts on the muscle. The purpose of this review is to highlight the physiological adaptations driving muscle aging and their potential mitigation with exercise/physical activity and nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related differences in the acute physiological response to a high-intensity CrossFit® workout","authors":"Manoel Rios ,&nbsp;Ricardo Cardoso ,&nbsp;Victor Machado Reis ,&nbsp;Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves ,&nbsp;David B. Pyne ,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CrossFit® is popular form of fitness training but the cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic and metabolic responses have not been well characterised. We compared responses to a short Fran CrossFit® session (consisting of three rounds of 21, 15 and 9 front squat to press overhead and pull-ups) between sexes to evaluate differences in acute exercise effects. Twenty-five (15 males and 10 females) trained participants performed a prescribed Fran session at maximal exertion. Cardiorespiratory variables were assessed at baseline, during and post-exercise. The rating of perceived exertion, blood pressure, blood lactate and glucose concentrations were measured at baseline and in the recovery period. The males completed Fran session in less time (males 177 ± 15 vs females 206 ± 27 s; mean ± SD), resulting in higher peak oxygen uptake values (50.1 ± 3.3 vs 46.4 ± 2.2 mL kg ⁻¹ min ⁻¹), heart rate (187 ± 6 vs 180 ± 3 b min⁻¹) and percentage heart rate (96 ± 3 vs 93 ± 1 %) compared to females. In addition, elevated systolic blood pressure (male 154 ± 8 vs females 149 ± 10 mmHg), double product (27,050 ± 1504 vs 25,999 ± 2253 mmHg b∙min ⁻¹), blood lactate (15.7 ± 1.7 vs 14.6 ± 2.0 mmol L⁻¹) and glucose (132 ± 15 vs 132 ± 14 mg dL⁻¹) values were observed in both sexes post-exercise. The substantial metabolic demands associated with a Fran session can yield similar elevations in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic responses in both sexes, meeting the criteria for developing cardiorespiratory fitness. Complementarily, these results suggest that researchers and coaches can use the Fran session at maximal effort to assess and monitor crossfitters' training status throughout a CrossFit® season, guiding efforts towards excellence in this demanding sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From acute tubular injury to tubular repair and chronic kidney diseases – KIM-1 as a promising biomarker for predicting renal tubular pathology","authors":"Ping L. Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming-Lin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) has emerged as a significant biomarker and mechanistic player in kidney pathology, particularly in acute kidney injury (AKI). Normally absent in healthy kidney proximal tubules, KIM-1 becomes upregulated specifically along the proximal tubule cells' surface in response to acute injury, reflecting the differential vulnerability of convoluted versus straight proximal tubules. Functionally, KIM-1 aids proximal tubules in clearing apoptotic cells and moderating inflammatory responses, thereby helping to prevent excessive immune activation during the early stages of injury. Clinically, KIM-1 is a sensitive, non-invasive biomarker for detecting proximal tubular injury, allowing for assessment in urine, plasma samples, and tissue biopsies in AKI. However, if tubular injury persists without repair, prolonged KIM-1 expression can drive chronic inflammatory responses and interstitial fibrosis, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, KIM-1's role may extend further into promoting tubular dedifferentiation, potentially contributing to renal cell carcinoma under certain conditions. Over the past two decades, KIM-1 research has reshaped our understanding of kidney pathophysiology and immunology, spanning acute injury responses to chronic disease progression. This review aims to provide an updated synthesis of recent findings, highlighting KIM-1's role across the spectrum of renal injury and repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular adaptation in elite female and male rowers across a competitive season","authors":"Sarah R. Henley-Martin ,&nbsp;Carly J. Brade ,&nbsp;Hugh Riddell ,&nbsp;Sophie P. Watts ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Maiorana ,&nbsp;Louise H. Naylor ,&nbsp;Martyn J. Binnie ,&nbsp;Angela L. Spence","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ‘athlete's artery’ phenotype describes exercise-induced vascular adaptation whereby athletes have enlarged conduit arteries resulting from chronic endurance exercise. However, studies remain limited to males, with few evaluating changes in response to training. This study aimed to compare upper and lower limb adaptations across a 21-week competitive season between elite female and male rowers. Twenty-one athletes (females n = 10) were assessed at three timepoints across a 21-week season: early- (ES), mid- (MS), and late-season (LS). High-resolution duplex ultrasonography assessed brachial and femoral artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation (FMD%), and ischaemic hand-grip exercise (vasodilatory capacity, VD%). Data was analysed using Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA (training × sex). The time-course for peak brachial diameter differed for sex with largest diameter for females at LS (4.3 ± 0.3 cm) compared to MS for males (5.1 ± 0.3 cm). Similarly, brachial FMD% differed by sex with training where females had largest FMD% at LS and males at MS. However, shear-normalised brachial FMD% showed no effect of training or sex. No changes in VD% were observed. Femoral artery diameter was larger in males, while no sex or training effects were evidence for femoral FMD%. In the upper limb, brachial diameter increased with training which differed by sex, suggesting a sex-specific response. While brachial FMD% also improved with training in each sex, normalising for shear rate removed all apparent differences, suggesting a shear-mediated response. Lower limb vasculature was less impacted by training, with a moderate effect for sex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A science communication-focused summer project boosts first year bioscience students’ skill gains and supports placement year uptake","authors":"Vanessa L. Armstrong,&nbsp;Beth M. Lawry,&nbsp;Harley J. Stevenson-Cocks","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Communication skills are an essential transferable skill for graduates and, for bioscience students, science communication skills are fundamental to achieving success. Increasingly, development of enhanced wider transferable skills, often outside of normal bioscience curricula, is required during university study for graduates to achieve positive outcomes amongst an increasingly competitive job market. Innovative approaches to improve student development, confidence and skill gain are therefore required to maintain positive graduate outcomes.</div><div>Using science communication as a focal point, a novel three-week summer project was developed to provide a platform for first year bioscience students’ skill gain, with a view to enhance participants’ employability particularly for attaining competitive industrial placement year positions. The project was delivered entirely remotely via Zoom and Microsoft Teams and required participants to complete three communication-focused assessments centred on recent papers highlighted by the University’s Press Office. The pedagogical impact of this summer project was evaluated through pre- and post-project surveys from four iterations of the project (2021–2024) focusing on participants’ self-evaluation of skills aligned to the University’s Graduate Framework.</div><div>To date, 89 Level 4 bioscience students at a research-intensive UK university (and its Malaysian sister campus, n = 8) have completed the project. Project participants primarily wanted to improve their Academic Writing (93 %), Communication (85 %) and Research (89 %) skills as well as their Critical Thinking (72 %), Teamwork (74 %), Collaboration (59 %) skills and Confidence (68 %). Post-project, significant increases in 16 of 18 skills were reported by participants (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Of 29 participants that wanted to secure a placement year, 21 (72 %) went on to do so and a longitudinal survey of these participants (n = 16 respondents) revealed they evidenced the project in their applications (100 %, n = 16) and 75 % (n = 12) were specifically asked about the project at the interview stage, using the project as evidence of transferable skill development.</div><div>The project has demonstrated strong potential to boost participants’ skill development and employability, while providing a platform for academic improvement and transnational engagement. With a simple focus on communication skills and an accessible, adaptable format, the project provides a framework for other institutions to utilise to enhance student outcomes in the biosciences and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling tonicity: Causes of confusion and pathways to clarity","authors":"Serena Y. Kuang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tonicity is the most confusing concept in teaching about osmosis in physiology, biology, and many clinical disciplines. A total of seven causes (four superficial and three deep) have led to this confusion but have never been thoroughly clarified. In this article, we systematically address and resolve these causes through logical reasoning, which not only thoroughly clarifies what tonicity is, but also leads to an understanding of its physical nature and properties. Several key concepts are introduced in order to resolve the causes of confusion and lay a new theoretical foundation for studying osmosis. This article not only advances the teaching and learning of tonicity and osmosis but also provides new insights into how osmosis across the cell membrane should be studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing career development for biomedical sciences Students: Leveraging simulations to support patient-facing careers","authors":"Komal Amar ,&nbsp;Matthew Jones ,&nbsp;Nathan Connell ,&nbsp;Daniel Mayo ,&nbsp;Lee Forde ,&nbsp;Berna S. Sayan ,&nbsp;Ale Lorente-Pons ,&nbsp;Rachael N. Magwaza ,&nbsp;Andrea Giachino ,&nbsp;Niroshini Nirmalan ,&nbsp;Sara Namvar","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simulations have become integral to medical education for professions such as nursing and medicine but are still a rare opportunity for students undertaking basic science courses including Biomedical Sciences. Many students undertaking Biomedical Sciences have a strong underlying interest in pursuing careers at the patient bedside. In this regard, Biomedical Science students often hope to secure competitive places on postgraduate courses in medicine, or physician associate studies. At the University of Salford, a significant number of students come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. These students may face additional barriers to academic confidence and a sense of belonging, which can affect their ability to competitively pursue postgraduate opportunities in medicine and related fields. Providing immersive learning experiences, such as clinical simulations, can help bridge this gap by fostering essential skills, increasing confidence, and enhancing employability.</div><div>We set out to design clinical scenarios that would develop transferable skills, especially around patient consultation, teamwork and ethical decision making. Four clinical scenarios were designed and delivered in the University of Salford state-of-the-art simulations suite. Scenarios included a lung cancer patient consultation, decision making around a liver transplant dilemma, a difficult conversation with a parent regarding safeguarding concerns, and finally an escape-game style scenario involving a zombie virus infection. These scenarios involved students becoming familiar with the ethical pillars for clinical decision making, frameworks for patient consultations, and the basics of clinical observations. We evaluated the student experience using a Likert survey.</div><div>Over a two-year period, a total of 60 students took part in the extracurricular simulation, of which 31 agreed to take part in the research survey. Results showed that the experience was largely accessed by students from widening participation backgrounds. In total, 97 % had a positive learning experience, and 100 % enjoyed taking part in the clinical simulation. We found that 90 % of students felt the experience supported the development of communication skills and teamwork, whilst 84 % reported improved employability. Furthermore, 90 % of students in this study would like to see simulation experiences embedded into their programme of study, and 91 % thought that simulations were better than traditional dyadic styles.</div><div>Collectively, these results point to the successful design and delivery of an extracurricular simulated experience and provide evidence to support the need to embed immersive simulated experiences into the curriculum of Biomedical Sciences courses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}