Current research in physiology最新文献

{"title":"Verifying the physiological significance of the preference for low facial temperature in humans","authors":"Mayumi Matsuda-Nakamura ,&nbsp;Satoshi Wada ,&nbsp;Kei Nagashima","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Regional differences in thermal pleasantness have been reported; local cooling of the head induces pleasantness during mild heat exposure. However, the physiological significance of these effects remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that facial or neck cooling could selectively decrease brain temperature (selective brain cooling; SBC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eight male volunteers participated in normothermic and hyperthermic protocols, comprising a 10-min baseline, 15-min cooling, and 15-min post-cooling period. During cooling, facial fanning (FAN_face), forehead conductive cooling (COND_head), neck conductive cooling (COND_neck), or control without cooling (NO-C) was performed. In the hyperthermic protocol, the participants performed cycling exercises at 60 % heart rate reserve until oesophageal temperature (T_es) rose by 1 °C. The difference between tympanic temperature (T_ty) and T_es was used as an index of brain cooling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under normothermic conditions, no significant difference was observed between T_ty and T_es in any trial. Under hyperthermic conditions, T_ty was significantly lower than T_es after facial fanning, with the largest difference 10 min after the end of facial fanning (T_ty = 37.6 ± 0.3 °C; T_es = 37.7 ± 0.3 °C; <em>P</em> = 0.001, Cohen's <em>d</em> = 2.021); the brain-cooling index (T_es–T_ty) was 0.08 ± 0.04 °C. No significant differences occurred in the NO-C, COND_head, or COND_neck trials. These results suggest that facial fanning should contribute slightly to brain cooling in hyperthermic individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A preference for low facial temperature should help cool the brain. However, this brain cooling effect should be minimal compared with SBC in animals possessing carotid rete. SBC in humans could not be validated by the results in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in brachial and superficial femoral artery occlusion pressure","authors":"Pat R. Vehrs ,&nbsp;Shay Richards ,&nbsp;Joshua Allen ,&nbsp;Tyler Burbank ,&nbsp;Stephanie D. Gardner ,&nbsp;Ryan B. Lacey ,&nbsp;Jessica H. Watkin ,&nbsp;Jackson Passey ,&nbsp;Gregory L. Snow ,&nbsp;Ron L. Hager","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well accepted that arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) of the arm and leg should be measured prior to blood flow restriction (BFR) training. Although limb circumference is a key determinant of AOP, there is mounting evidence suggestive of sex differences in AOP.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To further clarify sex differences and variables predictive of AOP in the arms and legs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using ultrasound, we measured AOP of the brachial artery (80 males; 83 females) and the superficial femoral artery (84 males; 80 females) in the dominant limbs. We also evaluated independent variables predictive of AOP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Independent <em>t</em>-tests revealed sex differences in brachial artery AOP (128 ± 13.1 mmHg; 116 ± 9.9 mmHg; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) but not superficial femoral artery AOP (204.7 ± 31.8 mmHg; 203.9 ± 36.1 mmHg; <em>p</em> = 0.8871) between males and females, respectively. Regression analysis identified systolic blood pressure (SBP) and arm circumference to be predictive of brachial artery AOP (p &lt; 0.0001; R² = 0.6345) while SBP, diastolic blood pressure, limb circumference, skinfold thickness, vessel diameter, and blood flow were predictive of superficial femoral artery AOP (p &lt; 0.0001; R² = 0.6149). Sex was not predictive of AOP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Brachial artery AOP is significantly greater in males than in females. Limb circumference alone was a poor predictor of AOP in the arm and leg. Because there is a diverse set of variables that are predictive of AOP, to ensure its safe and effective use, the AOP of each limb should be measured prior to BFR training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External mechanical efficiency across incremental VO2 max stages and ventilatory efficiency in well-trained and less-trained adults","authors":"Kara C. Hamilton,&nbsp;Joel E. Harden,&nbsp;Karissa P. Rein","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><div>External mechanical efficiency (EME%) and ventilatory efficiency (VEF) reflect endurance performance, yet comparisons between well-trained (WT) and less-trained (LT) runners during incremental exercise are limited. This study examined stage-specific changes in EME% and VEF during a graded treadmill test and evaluated whether individuals can self-select appropriate treadmill speeds for a VO₂ max protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-six runners (19 WT, 17 LT) completed a Modified Astrand VO₂ max Treadmill protocol. EME% was calculated as vertical work rate relative to metabolic rate, and VEF as the lowest VE/VCO₂ value from three consecutive 15-s intervals. A linear mixed-effects model assessed EME% across stages, and a two-way ANCOVA and ANOVA examined effects of sex and training status on VEF and test duration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EME% showed significant effects of stage and group, with a stage × group interaction (p &lt; 0.05). WT runners demonstrated greater EME% than LT runners at higher stages (3–5; all p &lt; 0.05). VEF differed by sex (males: 27.49 ± 4.09; females: 29.96 ± 2.92, p = 0.017) but not by training status (p = 0.48). Although self-selected starting intensities differed from recommended values (55% LT; 77.5% for WT), self-selected treadmill speeds produced group mean test durations consistent with the recommended 8-12 min duration, and all participants achieved valid VO₂ peak values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The EME% advantage of trained runners is stage-dependent, emerging at higher exercise intensities. VEF appears influenced by sex rather than training status. Despite differing from previously recommended starting intensities, self-selected treadmill speeds produced valid VO₂ peak tests across training groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Understanding the physiology of ageing","authors":"Daniel Brayson,&nbsp;Bradley T. Elliott","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotective effects of acetate supplementation against fructose-induced cardiac injury in pregnant Wistar rats","authors":"Adewumi Oluwafemi Oyabambi ,&nbsp;Francis Muyiwa Agbaraolorunpo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Eyitayo Oguntebi ,&nbsp;Bosede Christianah Oyakojo ,&nbsp;Erdoo Abena","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High fructose intake during pregnancy exacerbates cardiometabolic risk through lipid dysregulation and oxidative stress, with limited therapeutic strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of acetate supplementation against fructose-induced cardiac injury in pregnant Wistar rats, focusing on VEGF/PI3K signaling, redox balance, and lipid metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty female Wistar rats with a mean weight of 135 ± 15g were divided into pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (NP) cohorts (n = 15 each). Pregnant and non-pregnant rats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (n = 5/group): control (standard chow and water), fructose (10% w/v fructose in drinking water ad libitum), and fructose + acetate (10% w/v fructose in drinking water + oral sodium acetate 200 mg/kg/day via gavage). Treatments were administered concurrently throughout the 3-week experimental period. After three weeks of treatment, rats were euthanized with ketamine (90 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) intramuscularly in the thigh. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture, and hearts were excised, homogenized, and analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), adeosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XO), uric acid (UA), Reduced Glutathione/Oxidized Glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K.). Data were analyzed using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fructose significantly elevated cardiac FFA, TG, TC, MDA, 4-HNE, ADA, XO, and UA levels, which were more pronounced in the pregnant rats with an accompanying decreased cardiac GSH/GSSG ratio, G6PDH activity, PI3K, and VEGF levels. Acetate co-administration normalised lipid profiles, restored redox homeostasis, and increased VEGF/PI3K levels, with pregnancy amplifying both fructose toxicity and acetate protection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Fructose exacerbates pregnancy-associated cardiac vulnerability via lipid overload and oxidative stress. Acetate confers cardio-protection, which is accompanied by increased VEGF/PI3K and antioxidant levels, positioning it as a promising nutraceutical strategy for gestational cardiometabolic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression of early diagnostic markers for diabetic kidney disease: From single-indicator detection to multi-omics integration modeling","authors":"Jiao Meng,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Hanmin Wang,&nbsp;Zihan He,&nbsp;Zhuxian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but early diagnosis remains challenging. Current reliance on indicators such as urinary albumin and glomerular filtration rate is limited by insufficient sensitivity and susceptibility to interference. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex, involving multiple intersecting pathways and epigenetic modifications in the progression of the disease. Omics biomarkers offer new directions for early risk assessment, while machine learning can integrate multi-omics data to build efficient diagnostic models. This article reviews recent advances in biomarker research, discusses strategies for model construction, and provides theoretical references for early and precise diagnosis and clinical translation of DKD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: A global perspective on current research in physiology education","authors":"Sara Namvar,&nbsp;David Greensmith","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotection by Allium ampeloprasum subsp. Iranicum: attenuation of cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediator","authors":"Fatemeh Abedi,&nbsp;Kobra Shirani,&nbsp;Mahya Motie Nasrabadi,&nbsp;Ameneh Omidi","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent whose routine administration can induce cardiotoxicity, limiting its therapeutic efficacy. <em>Allium ampeloprasum subsp. Iranicum extract</em> (AAE) has been proposed as a natural cardioprotective agent owing to its rich phenolic and flavonoid content. This study investigates the protective potential and underlying mechanisms of AAE against CTX-induced cardiotoxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>NMRI mice were assigned to control, CTX, AAE, and AAE + CTX groups. We assessed: (i) body and heart weight metrics; (ii) histopathology of cardiac tissue; (iii) serum cardiac injury markers (AST, LDH, CK-MB); (iv) myocardial lipid peroxidation (TBARS); (v) antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px); (vi) proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β); and (vii) histological heart status as a cross-tissue readout. Data were analyzed for significance against the CTX-alone and control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CTX induced marked cardiotoxicity, evidenced by weight loss, cardiac histopathology disruptions, elevated TBARS, depleted SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities, and increased serum AST, LDH, CK-MB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Pretreatment with AAE markedly mitigated CTX effects: TBARS were reduced; SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities were restored or enhanced; serum cardiac injury markers declined; and proinflammatory cytokines decreased. Body weight loss associated with CTX was attenuated, with AAE-associated weight gain surpassing controls. Histology showed preservation of myocardial architecture and reduced vacuolization in cardiac tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Collectively, these findings indicate that AAE exerts multi-targeted protection through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective actions, thereby attenuating CTX-induced cardiotoxicity. These findings position the Iranian accession of <em>A. ampeloprasum</em> as a promising nutraceutical adjunct to CTX therapy, with potential to enhance tolerance and preserve cardiac function. Further work should characterize bioactive constituents, assess pharmacokinetics and interactions with CTX, and explore translational applicability in clinical setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13355427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force and resistance in physiology","authors":"Michael A. Model ,&nbsp;Timothy A. Model ,&nbsp;Mary Russell","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physiology is a discipline grounded in fundamental physical principles, and frequent referral to these principles is important for effective teaching. In particular, some concepts related to mechanical aspects of physiological phenomena are easier to grasp if one realizes that the development of any physical force requires resistance. This consideration is illustrated with four examples. (1) Osmotic pressure develops into mechanical pressure (turgor) only when osmotic inflow is resisted by stiff cell walls. (2) Intrapleural pressure has a simple mechanical analogy of two unbalanced weights on a block. (3) Independence of muscle tension of the total length of the fiber (the fact often omitted in standard courses) results from the pulling by neighboring sarcomeres in opposite directions. 4) Arterial pressure and its regulation by various factors is readily visualized by focusing on the mechanical tension within arterial walls. The latter approach has been was compared in class to the more traditional method based on the total peripheral resistance. The results showed that our approach resulted in an improved students’ understanding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the neuroprotective potentials of Aspilia africana and chrysin in phenanthrene exposed rats: in silico and biochemical studies","authors":"O.V. Akinleye,&nbsp;P.T. Akindoye,&nbsp;D.I. Aderonmu,&nbsp;E.T. Adediran,&nbsp;O.S. Osuntokun,&nbsp;K.O. Ajeigbe","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2026.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurotoxicity induced by environmental pollutants such as phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), has been linked to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and cholinergic crisis contributing hugely to neurodegenerative conditions. In this light, this study explored neuroprotective potentials of <em>Aspilia africana</em> (AA) against phenanthrene-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Seven bioactive phytochemicals in AA were evaluated by elucidating their binding dynamics P2X7 and predict their pharmacokinetic properties using molecular docking and ADMET prediction. Neurotoxicity was induced by oral administration of phenanthrene for 26 days, followed by oral treatment with aqueous extract of AA (500 mg/kg or 750 mg/kg) or Chrysin (25 mg/kg) for 18 days. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 (Nrf2), Acetylcholinesterase AChE levels were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. Molecular docking and ADMET prediction were done using CB-Dock, mcule and SwissADME servers. Phenanthrene administration significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and, (p &lt; 0.05), and reduced IL-10. Conversely, antioxidant enzymes activity was markedly reduced, along with decreased AChE activity. AA significantly downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and restored antioxidant levels in a dose-dependent manner. AChE activity was also normalized, and Nrf2 expression was significantly upregulated. The seven identified most bioactive compounds of AA including chrysin docked favourably with P2X7 receptor with binding affinities between −9.9 and −5.6 kcal/mol. The ADMET profiles showed drug ability, GI absorptions, and moderate or no toxicity for all. AA confers neuroprotection against phenanthrene-induced toxicity by attenuating inflammation, enhancing antioxidant responses via Nrf2 pathway activation, and modulating cholinergic imbalance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}