Vascular adaptation in elite female and male rowers across a competitive season

IF 1.7 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Current research in physiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100164

Sarah R. Henley-Martin , Carly J. Brade , Hugh Riddell , Sophie P. Watts , Andrew J. Maiorana , Louise H. Naylor , Martyn J. Binnie , Angela L. Spence

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Abstract

The ‘athlete's artery’ phenotype describes exercise-induced vascular adaptation whereby athletes have enlarged conduit arteries resulting from chronic endurance exercise. However, studies remain limited to males, with few evaluating changes in response to training. This study aimed to compare upper and lower limb adaptations across a 21-week competitive season between elite female and male rowers. Twenty-one athletes (females n = 10) were assessed at three timepoints across a 21-week season: early- (ES), mid- (MS), and late-season (LS). High-resolution duplex ultrasonography assessed brachial and femoral artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation (FMD%), and ischaemic hand-grip exercise (vasodilatory capacity, VD%). Data was analysed using Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA (training × sex). The time-course for peak brachial diameter differed for sex with largest diameter for females at LS (4.3 ± 0.3 cm) compared to MS for males (5.1 ± 0.3 cm). Similarly, brachial FMD% differed by sex with training where females had largest FMD% at LS and males at MS. However, shear-normalised brachial FMD% showed no effect of training or sex. No changes in VD% were observed. Femoral artery diameter was larger in males, while no sex or training effects were evidence for femoral FMD%. In the upper limb, brachial diameter increased with training which differed by sex, suggesting a sex-specific response. While brachial FMD% also improved with training in each sex, normalising for shear rate removed all apparent differences, suggesting a shear-mediated response. Lower limb vasculature was less impacted by training, with a moderate effect for sex.

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精英女性和男性赛艇运动员在竞争季节中的血管适应

“运动员动脉”表型描述了运动诱导的血管适应，即运动员因慢性耐力运动而导致导管动脉扩大。然而，研究仍然局限于男性，很少评估训练反应的变化。这项研究旨在比较优秀的男女赛艇运动员在21周的比赛期间的上肢和下肢适应性。21名运动员（女性n = 10）在21周的赛季中三个时间点进行评估：早期（ES），中期（MS）和后期（LS）。高分辨率双工超声评估肱动脉和股动脉直径、血流介导的扩张（FMD%）和缺血性手握锻炼（血管扩张能力，VD%）。数据采用贝叶斯重复测量方差分析（训练×性别）。臂膀直径峰值的时间过程因性别而异，女性在LS时最大（4.3±0.3 cm），而男性在MS时最大（5.1±0.3 cm）。同样，在训练中，臂膀FMD百分比因性别而异，其中女性在LS时最大，男性在ms时最大。然而，剪切正常化的臂膀FMD百分比没有显示训练或性别的影响。VD%未见变化。男性股动脉直径较大，而股骨FMD%没有性别或训练的影响。在上肢，臂膀直径随训练而增加，但性别不同，表明存在性别特异性反应。虽然肱FMD%也随着男女的训练而提高，但剪切率的正常化消除了所有明显的差异，表明剪切介导的反应。下肢血管系统受训练的影响较小，对性别的影响中等。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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