Current research in physiology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water on physiological responses during exercise under heat stress in physically active men","authors":"Shohei Dobashi ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Tanaka ,&nbsp;Yudai Shibayama ,&nbsp;Katsuhiro Koyama","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study investigated the effects of 1400 mL intake of alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) or purified water (PW) into which carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) was dissolved on improving physiological responses during exercise under heat stress.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This double-blinded, crossover randomized controlled trial included 10 male participants who completed two exercise trials in a hot environment (35 °C, ambient temperature, and 50% relative humidity) after consuming CE-dissolved PW (P-CE) or CE-dissolved AEW (A-CE). The exercise trial consisted of running for 30 min on a treadmill (at an intensity corresponding to 65% of heart rate reserve adjusted for heat stress conditions) and repeated sprint cycling (10 × 7-s maximal sprint cycling), with a 35-min rest interval between the two exercises, followed by a 30-min post-exercise recovery period. Before and after running, and after cycling, the participants drank P-CE (hydrogen concentration of 0 ppm, pH 3.8) or A-CE (0.3 ppm, pH 4.1). Blood samples were obtained before, during (rest interval between running and cycling), and post-exercise.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Repeated sprint performance and oxidative stress response did not differ between the P-CE and A-CE trials. A-CE consumption significantly attenuated the increase in blood lactate concentration during the running exercise but not during repeated sprint cycling under heat stress conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings suggested that A-CE did not significantly affect repeated sprint performance; however, the attenuated elevation in blood lactate by A-CE ingestion implies a partial enhancement of endurance performance during submaximal exercise under heat stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 389-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/b2/main.PMC9525732.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33487209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sudden change of heart: Warm acclimation can produce a rapid adjustment of maximum heart rate and cardiac thermal sensitivity in rainbow trout","authors":"Matthew J.H. Gilbert ,&nbsp;Olivia A. Adams ,&nbsp;Anthony P. Farrell","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Warm acclimation in fish is often characterized by an increase in heat tolerance and a reduction in physiological rates to improve the scope to respond to additional challenges including further warming. The speed of these responses can determine their effectiveness. However, acclimation rates vary across levels of biological organization and are poorly understood in part because most research is conducted after an acclimation period of &gt;3 weeks, when acclimation is presumed to be complete. Here we show that when rainbow trout were transferred from 10 to 18 °C, over 50% of the total reduction of maximum heart rate (ƒ_Hmax) (i.e. the thermal compensation at moderate temperatures) occurred within 72 h, with further compensation occurring more gradually over the following 25 days. Also, the ability to increase ƒ_Hmax with acute warming improved within 24 h resulting in a 30% rise in peak ƒ_Hmax, but this ultimately declined again with prolonged (28 days) exposure to 18 °C. In contrast with some previous studies, upper critical temperatures for ƒ_Hmax did not increase. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that rapid cardiac plasticity is possible in rainbow trout and likely blunts the impacts of thermal variation over relatively short timescales, such as that associated with heat waves and migration between water bodies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 179-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944122000153/pdfft?md5=ab7e1bbd47e781464a2696304389478b&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944122000153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41900514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the cardiac response to hypoxia: NO and its partners in teleost fish","authors":"Sandra Imbrogno ,&nbsp;Tiziano Verri ,&nbsp;Mariacristina Filice ,&nbsp;Amilcare Barca ,&nbsp;Roberta Schiavone ,&nbsp;Alfonsina Gattuso ,&nbsp;Maria Carmela Cerra","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reduced availability of dissolved oxygen is a common stressor in aquatic habitats that affects the ability of the heart to ensure tissue oxygen supply. Among key signalling molecules activated during cardiac hypoxic stress, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a central player involved in the related adaptive responses. Here, we outline the role of the nitrergic control in modulating tolerance and adaptation of teleost heart to hypoxia, as well as major molecular players that participate in the complex NO network. The purpose is to provide a framework in which to depict how the heart deals with limitations in oxygen supply. In this perspective, defining the relational interplay between the multiple (sets of) proteins that, due to the gene duplication events that occurred during the teleost fish evolutive radiation, do operate in parallel with similar functions in the (different) heart (districts) and other body districts under low levels of oxygen supply, represents a next goal of the comparative research in teleost fish cardiac physiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 193-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944122000189/pdfft?md5=e85c0654a32aada6bde0c0b1ef544f60&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944122000189-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44451941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical properties of H+-Ca2+-exchanger in the myometrium mitochondria","authors":"Yurii V. Danylovych,&nbsp;Hanna V. Danylovych,&nbsp;Oksana V. Kolomiets,&nbsp;Marina D. Sviatnenko,&nbsp;Sergiy O. Kosterin","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some biochemical properties of the H⁺-Ca²⁺-exchanger in uterine smooth muscle mitochondria have been described. The experiments were performed on a suspension of isolated mitochondria from the myometrium of rats. Methods of confocal microscopy, spectrofluorimetry and photon correlation spectroscopy were used. Fluo-4 probe was used to record changes in ionized Ca²⁺ in the matrix and cytosol; pH changes in the matrix were evaluated with BCECF. It was experimentally proved that in the myometrium instead of Na⁺-Ca²⁺-exchanger the H⁺-Ca²⁺-exchanger functions. It was activated at a physiological pH value, was carried out in stoichiometry 1: 1 and was electrogenic. The transport system was modulated by magnesium ions and the diuretic amiloride, but was not sensitive to changes in the concentration of extra-mitochondrial potassium ions. H⁺-Ca²⁺-exchanger was suppressed by antibodies against the LETM1 protein. Calmodulin may act as a regulator of H⁺-Ca²⁺-exchanger by inhibiting it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 369-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/cd/main.PMC9513619.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40385187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Region-specific effects of antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism on endothelial NO-pathway activity in systemic circulation","authors":"Dina K. Gaynullina ,&nbsp;Svetlana I. Sofronova ,&nbsp;Ekaterina K. Selivanova ,&nbsp;Anastasia A. Shvetsova ,&nbsp;Anna A. Borzykh ,&nbsp;Olga S. Tarasova","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2021.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2021.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism weakens NO-mediated anticontractile influence of endothelium in coronary arteries of adult rats, but it remains unclear whether this occurs in other vascular regions. We hypothesized that developmental thyroid deficiency is followed by region-specific changes in the endothelial NO-pathway activity in systemic vasculature. To explore this, we estimated the effects of antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism on NO-pathway activity and its potential local control mechanisms in rat mesenteric and skeletal muscle (sural) arteries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Dams were treated with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in drinking water (0.0007%) during pregnancy and 2 weeks postpartum; control (CON) females received PTU-free water. Adult offspring (10–12-weeks) arteries were studied by wire myography, qPCR, and Western blotting.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Endothelium removal or inhibition of NO-synthase with L-NNA augmented contractile responses to α₁-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine. In PTU compared to CON group, these effects were stronger in sural arteries, but did not differ in mesenteric arteries. The responses of both arteries to NO-donor DEA/NO were similar in CON and PTU rats. mRNA contents of deiodinase 2 and thyroid hormone receptor α were similar in mesenteric arteries of two groups but were elevated in sural arteries of PTU group compared to CON. The abundance of eNOS protein was higher in sural arteries of PTU compared to CON rats.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism is followed by an increase in NO-mediated anticontractile influence in sural, but not in mesenteric arteries of adult animals. The diversity of hypothyroidism effects may be due to different alterations of local T3 synthesis/reception in different vascular beds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/65/main.PMC8692882.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39785631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory and thoracoabdominal motion pattern at rest and after sub-maximum effort in children with asthma","authors":"Carla L.F. Cavassini ,&nbsp;Evelim L.F.D. Gomes ,&nbsp;Josiane G. Luiz ,&nbsp;Maisi C.M. David ,&nbsp;Dirceu Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Asthma involves an increase in airway resistance even in periods between attacks, which generates changes in thoracoabdominal kinematics. The aim of the present study was to detect these adaptations at rest and after physical effort. Evaluations were performed using optoelectronic plethysmography at rest and immediately after physical effort of moderate intensity. Thirty-two children and adolescents participated in the present study (16 asthma- AG and 16 health controls-CG). After exercise, the AG exhibited a less variability of respiratory variables. The kinematic behavior of thoracoabdominal motion was the inverse of that found in healthy controls. These findings suggest mechanical and physiological adaptations to minimize the possible turbulence of the airflow and reduce the impact of airway resistance during physical exertion. Moreover, these changes are found even at rest and in patients whose asthma is clinically controlled.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 287-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/9a/main.PMC9254261.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chest mobilization on intercostal muscle stiffness","authors":"Yu Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Taiki Kodesho ,&nbsp;Takuya Kato ,&nbsp;Gakuto Nakao ,&nbsp;Yuhei Saito ,&nbsp;Keigo Taniguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the effect of chest mobilization on intercostal (IC) muscle stiffness using the IC muscle shear modulus. Sixteen healthy young men participated on two days with a minimum of 24 h between the stretching and control conditions (SC and CC). The tasks were resting breathing and deep breathing. The IC muscle shear modulus and muscle activity and rib cage circumference were measured before and after each condition. In the SC, IC stretching was performed for 1 min x 5 sets. In the CC, resting breathing, in a sitting position, was performed for 5 min. In the SC, the IC muscle shear modulus decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) at maximum inspiration in the deep breathing task, but there was no significant difference in the CC pre- and post-intervention. The results suggest that IC muscle stretching decreases IC muscle stiffness and improves muscle flexibility and that the IC muscle shear modulus may measure the effectiveness of chest mobilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 429-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/0d/main.PMC9713255.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35254875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the ventricle limit cardiac contraction rate in the anoxic turtle (Trachemys scripta)? I. Comparison of the intrinsic contractile responses of cardiac chambers to the extracellular changes that accompany prolonged anoxia exposure","authors":"Molly Garner,&nbsp;Jonathan A.W. Stecyk","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiple lines of evidence suggest that an inability of the ventricle to contract in coordination with the pacemaker during anoxia exposure may suppress cardiac pumping rate in anoxia-tolerant turtles. To determine under what extracellular conditions the ventricle could be the weak link that limits cardiac pumping, we compared, under various extracellular conditions, the intrinsic contractile properties of isometrically-contracting ventricular and atrial strips obtained from 21 °C- to 5 °C- acclimated turtles (<em>Trachemys scripta</em>) that had been exposed to either normoxia or anoxia (16 h at 21 °C; 12 days at 5 °C). We found that combined extracellular anoxia, acidosis, and hyperkalemia (AAK), severely disrupted ventricular, but not right or left atrial, excitability and contractibility of 5 °C anoxic turtles. However, combined hypercalcemia and heightened adrenergic stimulation counteracted the negative effects of AAK. We also report that the turtle heart is resilient to prolonged diastolic intervals, which would ensure that contractile force is maintained if arrhythmia were to occur during anoxia exposure. Finally, our findings reinforce that prior temperature and anoxia experiences are central to the intrinsic contractile response of the turtle myocardium to altered extracellular conditions. At 21 °C, prior anoxia exposure preconditioned the ventricle for anoxic and acidosis exposure. At 5 °C, prior anoxia exposure evoked heightened sensitivity of the ventricle to hyperkalemia, as well as all chambers to combined hypercalcemia and increased adrenergic stimulation. Overall, our findings show that the ventricle could limit cardiac pumping rate during prolonged anoxic submergence in cold-acclimated turtles if hypercalcemia and heightened adrenergic stimulation are insufficient to counteract the negative effects of combined extracellular anoxia, acidosis, and hyperkalemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 312-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b5/8a/main.PMC9301509.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40643054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid artery vasoreactivity correlates with abdominal aortic vasoreactivity in young healthy individuals but not in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm","authors":"Jenske J.M. Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Anne-Jet S. Jansen ,&nbsp;Sam van de Sande ,&nbsp;Yvonne A.W. Hartman ,&nbsp;Suzanne Holewijn ,&nbsp;Michel M.P.J. Reijnen ,&nbsp;Dick H.J. Thijssen","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sympathetic stimulation of central arteries, such as coronary and carotid arteries, cause vasodilation in healthy subjects, but vasoconstriction in those with increased cardiovascular risk. This study compared vasoreactivity to sympathetic stimulation between abdominal aorta and carotid artery in healthy young individuals (young group, n = 20), in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA group, n = 20) and in a healthy older group, age- and gender matched with AAA group (matched group, n = 18).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>All subjects underwent cold pressor test, while performing concomitantly duplex ultrasound of abdominal aorta and carotid artery vasoreactivity. Observer-independent software was used to analyze and calculate magnitude and timing of maximum vasodilation or vasoconstriction. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate vasoreactivity between arteries.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Carotid artery reactivity [Interquartile range 25%, Interquartile range 75%] did not significantly differ between the young, matched and AAA group (3.5% [1.4, 4.7], 2.6% [2.0, 4.1] and 2.2% [-1.9, 3.7], respectively, p = 0.301). Abdominal aortic responsiveness demonstrated larger differences between young (4.9% [-0.2, 8.4]), matched (3.3% [-2.5, 4.4]) and individuals with AAA (0.5% [-3.9, 4.1], p = 0.059). Pooled analysis showed a significant correlation between carotid and abdominal aortic vasoreactivity (r = 0.444, p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant correlation between both arteries in young (r = 0.636, p = 0.003), but not matched (r = −0.040, p = 0.866) or AAA group (r = 0.410, p = 0.129).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Sympathetic stimulation induces powerful vasodilation of the carotid artery and abdominal aorta, which is significantly correlated in healthy individuals. No such correlation is present in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients. This suggests the aneurysm alters local abdominal aorta vasoreactivity, but not the carotid artery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 224-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944122000232/pdfft?md5=4b4cc91a7f8a95a7064b8ad238e2f79e&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944122000232-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48211955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhythmicity in heart rate and its surges usher a special period of sleep, a likely home for PGO waves","authors":"Andreas A. Ioannides ,&nbsp;Gregoris A. Orphanides ,&nbsp;Lichan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2022.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High amplitude electroencephalogram (EEG) events, like unitary K-complex (KC), are used to partition sleep into stages and hence define the hypnogram, a key instrument of sleep medicine. Throughout sleep the heart rate (HR) changes, often as a steady HR increase leading to a peak, what is known as a heart rate surge (HRS). The hypnogram is often unavailable when most needed, when sleep is disturbed and the graphoelements lose their identity. The hypnogram is also difficult to define during normal sleep, particularly at the start of sleep and the periods that precede and follow rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Here, we use objective quantitative criteria that group together periods that cannot be assigned to a conventional sleep stage into what we call REM0 periods, with the presence of a HRS one of their defining properties. Extended REM0 periods are characterized by highly regular sequences of HRS that generate an infra-low oscillation around 0.05 Hz. During these regular sequence of HRS, and just before each HRS event, we find avalanches of high amplitude events for each one of the mass electrophysiological signals, i.e. related to eye movement, the motor system and the general neural activity. The most prominent features of long REM0 periods are sequences of three to five KCs which we label multiple K-complexes (KCm). Regarding HRS, a clear dissociation is demonstrated between the presence or absence of high gamma band spectral power (55–95 Hz) of the two types of KCm events: KCm events with strong high frequencies (KCmWSHF) cluster just before the peak of HRS, while KCm between HRS show no increase in high gamma band (KCmNOHF). Tomographic estimates of activity from magnetoencephalography (MEG) in pre-KC periods (single and multiple) showed common increases in the cholinergic Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in the alpha band. The direct contrast of KCmWSHF with KCmNOHF showed increases in all subjects in the high sigma band in the base of the pons and in three subjects in both the delta and high gamma bands in the medial Pontine Reticular Formation (mPRF), the putative Long Lead Initial pulse (LLIP) for Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) waves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 118-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8867048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45045190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}