Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第7页

Omics to Unveil Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis and Biomarkers: Focus on Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Metabolomics. Omics 揭示糖尿病发病机制和生物标志物：聚焦蛋白质组学、脂质组学和代谢组学。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_11

Nícia Pedreira Soares, Gabriela Castro Magalhaes, Pedro Henrique Mayrink, Thiago Verano-Braga

{"title":"Omics to Unveil Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis and Biomarkers: Focus on Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Metabolomics.","authors":"Nícia Pedreira Soares, Gabriela Castro Magalhaes, Pedro Henrique Mayrink, Thiago Verano-Braga","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_11","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_11","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, resulting from either body's inability to produce or effectively utilize insulin. There are several types of DM, but the most common are type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DM is a complex disease and a global health concern, and the current clinical markers, such as fasting glucose, are helpful in the diagnosis of DM, but are not specific and sensitive, especially when measured on the beginning of the pathogenesis. Therefore, there is a pressing need to discover new early biomarkers that can provide an early diagnosis. Omics is an important field for the discovery of potential new biomarkers, especially proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, where techniques such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance are utilized to identify novel DM biomarkers and their pathways. In this review, we report papers that applied omics in the context of DM to identify new markers and their relationship with this disease, with the aim of elucidating new diagnostic techniques for the main types of DM.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139970641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Treatment for Thymic Involution. 间充质干细胞：胸腺内陷的有望治疗方法。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_780

Zailing Yang, Yunxiao Peng, Jun Yuan, Haixiong Xia, Li Luo, Xijun Wu

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Treatment for Thymic Involution.","authors":"Zailing Yang, Yunxiao Peng, Jun Yuan, Haixiong Xia, Li Luo, Xijun Wu","doi":"10.1007/5584_2023_780","DOIUrl":"10.1007/5584_2023_780","url":null,"abstract":"The thymus is the main immune organ in the body. However, the thymus gradually degenerates in early life, leading to a reduction in T-cell production and a decrease in immune function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising alternative for the treatment of thymus senescence due to their homing ability to the site of inflammation and their paracrine, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the heterogeneity, difficulty of survival in vivo, short residence time, and low homing efficiency of the injected MSCs affect the clinical therapeutic effect. This article reviews strategies to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy, including the selection of appropriate cell doses, transplantation frequency, and interval cycles. The survival rate of MSCs can be improved to some extent by improving the infusion mode of MSCs, such as simulating the in vivo environment, applying the biological technology of hydrogels and microgels, and iron oxide labeling technology, which can improve the curative effect and homing of MSCs, promote the regeneration of thymic epithelial cells, and restore the function of the thymus.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9751974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systemic Inflammation but not Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Physical Performance in Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 全身炎症而非氧化应激与中度慢性阻塞性肺病患者的运动表现有关。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_784

Luis Peñailillo, Claudia Miranda-Fuentes, Sebastián Gutiérrez, Sebastián García-Vicencio, Sebastián Jannas-Vela, Cristian Campos Acevedo, Reyna S Peñailillo

{"title":"Systemic Inflammation but not Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Physical Performance in Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Luis Peñailillo, Claudia Miranda-Fuentes, Sebastián Gutiérrez, Sebastián García-Vicencio, Sebastián Jannas-Vela, Cristian Campos Acevedo, Reyna S Peñailillo","doi":"10.1007/5584_2023_784","DOIUrl":"10.1007/5584_2023_784","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients manifest muscle dysfunction and impaired muscle oxidative capacity, which result in reduced exercise capacity and poor health status. The aim of this study was to compare the physical performance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress of patients with moderate COPD, and to associate physical performance with inflammatory and oxidative stress plasma markers. Twenty CONTROL (n = 10) and moderate COPD (n = 10) patients participated in this study. Systematic inflammation and oxidative stress plasma markers, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak), and maximal isometric strength (MVIC) of the knee extensor (KE) muscles were measured. VO2peak was 31.3% greater in CONTROL compared to COPD (P = 0.006). The MVIC strength of the KE was 43.9% greater in CONTROL compared to COPD (P = 0.002). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was 79.6% greater in COPD compared to CONTROL (P < 0.001). Glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) activity was 27.5% lesser in COPD compared to CONTROL (P = 0.05). TNF-α concentration was correlated with KE MVC strength (R = -0.48; P = 0.045) and VO2peak (R = -0.58; P = 0.01). Meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) and GPx activity were not associated with KE strength or VO2peak (P = 0.74 and P = 0.14, respectively). COPD patients showed lesser muscle strength and aerobic capacity than healthy control individuals. Furthermore, patients with COPD showed greater systemic inflammation and lesser antioxidant capacity than healthy counterparts. A moderate association was evident between levels of systemic inflammation and physical performance variables.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9938424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute Infectious Diarrhea. 急性感染性腹泻

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_9

Marco Poeta, Margherita Del Bene, Andrea Lo Vecchio, Alfredo Guarino

{"title":"Acute Infectious Diarrhea.","authors":"Marco Poeta, Margherita Del Bene, Andrea Lo Vecchio, Alfredo Guarino","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_9","url":null,"abstract":"Acute infectious diarrhea (AID) is one of the most common diseases in pediatric age with relevant burden both in high and in low-income countries. Thanks to their direct action on enterocyte functions and indirect actions on the mucosal and systemic immune system and on intestinal microbiome, probiotics are an ideal intervention to treat AID in childhood. However, their efficacy is strictly related to strains and indications, and practitioners should take this information into account in clinical practice. This chapter summarizes the main mechanisms of action of probiotics in AID, with a focus on proof of efficacy supporting their use in prevention and treatment of childhood AID. The use of selected strains in appropriate doses is strongly recommended by guidelines of AID, based on compelling proofs of efficacy and safety. At present, therapy with probiotics of AID is probably the strongest indication for probiotic use in medicine. Their role in prevention of AID is however questionable in healthy population, whereas it should be considered in at-risk population. Evidence for prevention of diarrhea in day-care centers and communities is lacking, but consistent evidence supports efficacy in prevention of hospital acquired diarrhea. Finally, this chapter presents novelties on this topic, in particular the role of rotavirus immunization on probiotics effectiveness and the effect of probiotics and postbiotics on Covid-associated diarrhea.Overall: AID is the most convincing area for probiotic use in children with gastrointestinal disorders, and effective strains should be used early on after onset of symptoms.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cancer-Derived Immunoglobulin G and Pancreatic Cancer. 癌症衍生免疫球蛋白 G 与胰腺癌

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_10

Ming Cui, Xiaoyan Qiu

{"title":"Cancer-Derived Immunoglobulin G and Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Ming Cui, Xiaoyan Qiu","doi":"10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_10","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin (Ig) is traditionally believed to be produced solely by B cells. Nonetheless, mounting evidence has demonstrated that various types of Igs are extensively expressed in many cell types. Among them, IgG is found to be highly expressed in cancer cells and is thus labeled as cancer-derived IgG. Cancer-derived IgG shares identical fundamental structures with B cell-derived IgG, but displays several unique characteristics, including restricted variable region sequences and unique glycosylation modifications for those expressed by epithelial cancers. Cancer-derived IgG plays multiple crucial roles in carcinogenesis, including facilitating cancer invasion and metastasis, enhancing cancer stemness, contributing to chemoresistance, and remodeling the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have discovered that cancer-derived sialylated IgG (SIA-IgG) is extensively expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane. Cancer-derived IgG expressed by pancreatic cancer presents a restrictive variable region sequence and contains a unique sialylation site of the Fab region. Functionally, cancer-derived IgG participates in pancreatic cancer progression via different mechanisms, such as promoting proliferation, facilitating migration and invasion, resisting apoptosis, inducing inflammation, and modulating the tumour microenvironment. SIA-IgG has shown potential as a clinical biomarker. The expression of SIA-IgG is associated with poor tumour differentiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. High expression of SIA-IgG can serve as an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, SIA-IgG expression elevated with malignant progression for the precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer. These findings present a prospect of applying cancer-derived IgG as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in the management of pancreatic cancer, and aiding in overcoming the challenge in the treatment of this stubborn malignancy.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of the Cardiac Conduction System. 心脏传导系统的发展

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_10

Lieve E van der Maarel, Vincent M Christoffels

引用次数: 0

Cardiac Development at a Single-Cell Resolution. 单细胞分辨率下的心脏发育

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_14

Nicholas Wei, Carissa Lee, Lauren Duan, Francisco X Galdos, Tahmina Samad, Alireza Raissadati, William R Goodyer, Sean M Wu

{"title":"Cardiac Development at a Single-Cell Resolution.","authors":"Nicholas Wei, Carissa Lee, Lauren Duan, Francisco X Galdos, Tahmina Samad, Alireza Raissadati, William R Goodyer, Sean M Wu","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_14","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_14","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian cardiac development is a complex, multistage process. Though traditional lineage tracing studies have characterized the broad trajectories of cardiac progenitors, the advent and rapid optimization of single-cell RNA sequencing methods have yielded an ever-expanding toolkit for characterizing heterogeneous cell populations in the developing heart. Importantly, they have allowed for a robust profiling of the spatiotemporal transcriptomic landscape of the human and mouse heart, revealing the diversity of cardiac cells-myocyte and non-myocyte-over the course of development. These studies have yielded insights into novel cardiac progenitor populations, chamber-specific developmental signatures, the gene regulatory networks governing cardiac development, and, thus, the etiologies of congenital heart diseases. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing has allowed for the exquisite characterization of distinct cardiac populations such as the hard-to-capture cardiac conduction system and the intracardiac immune population. Therefore, single-cell profiling has also resulted in new insights into the regulation of cardiac regeneration and injury repair. Single-cell multiomics approaches combining transcriptomics, genomics, and epigenomics may uncover an even more comprehensive atlas of human cardiac biology. Single-cell analyses of the developing and adult mammalian heart offer an unprecedented look into the fundamental mechanisms of cardiac development and the complex diseases that may arise from it.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inflow Tract Development. 流入地开发。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_7

Andy Wessels

引用次数: 0

Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Atrioventricular Septal Defect. 房室隔缺损的分子途径和动物模型

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_31

Andy Wessels

{"title":"Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Atrioventricular Septal Defect.","authors":"Andy Wessels","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_31","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_31","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a fully functional four-chambered heart is critically dependent on the correct formation of the structures that separate the atrial and ventricular chambers. Perturbation of this process typically results in defects that allow mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) form a class of congenital heart malformations that are characterized by the presence of a primary atrial septal defect (pASD), a common atrioventricular valve (cAVV), and frequently also a ventricular septal defect (VSD). While AVSD were historically considered to result from failure of the endocardial atrioventricular cushions to properly develop and fuse, more recent studies have determined that inhibition of the development of other components of the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex can lead to AVSDs as well. The role of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion (DMP) in AVSD pathogenesis has been well-documented in studies using animal models for AVSDs, and in addition, preliminary data suggest that the mesenchymal cap situated on the leading edge of the primary atrial septum may be involved in certain situations as well. In this chapter, we review what is currently known about the molecular mechanisms and animal models that are associated with the pathogenesis of AVSD.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Stress and Nuclear Transport. 热应力与核传输

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4584-5_5

Shingo Kose, Yutaka Ogawa, Naoko Imamoto

{"title":"Thermal Stress and Nuclear Transport.","authors":"Shingo Kose, Yutaka Ogawa, Naoko Imamoto","doi":"10.1007/978-981-97-4584-5_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4584-5_5","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear transport is the basis for the biological reaction of eukaryotic cells, as it is essential to coordinate nuclear and cytoplasmic events separated by nuclear envelope. Although we currently understand the basic molecular mechanisms of nuclear transport in detail, many unexplored areas remain. For example, it is believed that the regulations and biological functions of the nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) highlights the significance of the transport pathways in physiological contexts. However, physiological significance of multiple parallel transport pathways consisting of more than 20 NTRs is still poorly understood, because our knowledge of each pathway, regarding their substrate information or how they are differently regulated, is still limited. In this report, we describe studies showing how nuclear transport systems in general are affected by temperature rises, namely, thermal stress or heat stress. We will then focus on Importin α family members and unique transport factor Hikeshi, because these two NTRs are affected in heat stress. Our present review will provide an additional view to point out the importance of diversity of the nuclear transport pathways in eukaryotic cells.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0