Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第8页

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-92033-2_13

Lukas Lanser, Günter Weiss

{"title":"Anemia of Inflammation.","authors":"Lukas Lanser, Günter Weiss","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-92033-2_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92033-2_13","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia of inflammation (AI), also known as anemia of chronic disease, is the most common anemia in hospitalized patients and considered to be the second most common anemia worldwide after iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The hallmark of AI is iron restriction within macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) resulting in hypoferremia and hyperferritinemia together with suppression of erythropoiesis and shortened erythrocyte lifespan. Symptoms are comparable to other anemia entities and often related to the underlying disease. Patients usually present with normocytic, normochromic, hypoproliferative, mild-to-moderate anemia, reduced circulating iron levels (transferrin saturation), and increased stored iron (serum ferritin). However, AI is often associated with true iron deficiency on the basis of inflammatory diseases and blood losses of different reasons, which is why the correct identification of these patients, and their iron needs is a diagnostic challenge. Treatment of the underlying disease that causes immune activation is the primary therapeutic approach for AI which normally results in its resolution over time. Concomitant pathologies and factors contributing to the AI severity should be considered and, when feasible, specifically corrected. Iron supplementation is the first-line therapy for AI+IDA patients, while intravenously applied iron is trapped in macrophages of the MPS during advanced inflammation in patients with solely AI, whereas orally supplemented iron is not properly absorbed. Effectiveness of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents is limited in AI due to inflammation-mediated suppression of erythropoietin (Epo) signaling and impaired erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation, while red blood cell transfusion should primarily be used in life-threatening anemia. Clinical studies on hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors seem promising although concerns about their safety and efficacy in AI arose within recent years. New treatment strategies aim to modify the hepcidin-ferroportin axis, yet clinical trials are still outstanding.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1480 ","pages":"179-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adolescent Alcohol and the Spectrum of Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging. 青少年酒精与老年认知功能障碍谱。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12

Terrence Deak, Hannah E Burzynski, Polliana T Nunes, Stephen M Day, Lisa M Savage

{"title":"Adolescent Alcohol and the Spectrum of Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging.","authors":"Terrence Deak, Hannah E Burzynski, Polliana T Nunes, Stephen M Day, Lisa M Savage","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many changes associated with aging, inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and throughout the body likely contributes to the constellation of health-related maladies associated with aging. Genetics, lifestyle factors, and environmental experiences shape the trajectory of aging-associated inflammation, including the developmental timing, frequency, and intensity of alcohol consumption. This chapter posits that neuroinflammatory processes form a critical link between alcohol exposure and the trajectory of healthy aging, at least in part through direct or indirect interactions with cholinergic circuits that are crucial to cognitive integrity. In this chapter, we begin with a discussion of how inflammation changes from early development through late aging; discuss the role of inflammation and alcohol in the emergence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); elaborate on critical findings on the contribution of alcohol-related thiamine deficiency to the loss of cholinergic function and subsequent development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS); and present emerging findings at the intersection of alcohol and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). In doing so, our analysis points toward inflammation-mediated compromise of basal forebrain cholinergic function as a key culprit in cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic alcohol exposure, effects that may be rescuable through either pharmacological or behavioral approaches. Furthermore, our chapter reveals an interesting dichotomy in the effects of alcohol on neuropathological markers of ADRD that depend upon both biological sex and genetic vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1473 ","pages":"257-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration: Clinical Features and C1QTNF5/CTRP5 Function. 迟发性视网膜变性：临床特征和C1QTNF5/CTRP5功能。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_83

Ana Alonso-Carriazo Fernández, Amanda-Jayne F Carr

引用次数: 0

Calcium-Binding Protein 4 Is Fundamental for Retinal Structure and Function. 钙结合蛋白4是视网膜结构和功能的基础。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_33

Billie Beckwith-Cohen, Simon M Petersen-Jones

引用次数: 0

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: Clinical Applications in Enhancing Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration. 羊膜移植：加强伤口愈合和组织再生的临床应用》。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_834

Mutali Musa, Ekele Chukwuyem, Ehimare Enaholo, Ifeoma Esekea, Eghosasere Iyamu, Fabiana D'Esposito, Daniele Tognetto, Caterina Gagliano, Marco Zeppieri

引用次数: 0

The Microenvironment in DCIS and Its Role in Disease Progression. DCIS的微环境及其在疾病进展中的作用。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_12

Mohammad Reza Roozitalab, Niki Prekete, Michael Allen, Richard P Grose, J Louise Jones

{"title":"The Microenvironment in DCIS and Its Role in Disease Progression.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Roozitalab, Niki Prekete, Michael Allen, Richard P Grose, J Louise Jones","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_12","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_12","url":null,"abstract":"Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for ~20% of all breast cancer diagnoses but whilst known to be a precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC), evidence suggests only one in six patients will ever progress. A key challenge is to distinguish between those lesions that will progress and those that will remain indolent. Molecular analyses of neoplastic epithelial cells have not identified consistent differences between lesions that progressed and those that did not, and this has focused attention on the tumour microenvironment (ME).The DCIS ME is unique, complex and dynamic. Myoepithelial cells form the wall of the ductal-lobular tree and exhibit broad tumour suppressor functions. However, in DCIS they acquire phenotypic changes that bestow them with tumour promoter properties, an important evolution since they act as the primary barrier for invasion. Changes in the peri-ductal stromal environment also arise in DCIS, including transformation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs orchestrate other changes in the stroma, including the physical structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through altered protein synthesis, as well as release of a plethora of factors including proteases, cytokines and chemokines that remodel the ECM. CAFs can also modulate the immune ME as well as impact on tumour cell signalling pathways. The heterogeneity of CAFs, including recognition of anti-tumourigenic populations, is becoming evident, as well as heterogeneity of immune cells and the interplay between these and the adipocyte and vascular compartments. Knowledge of the impact of these changes is more advanced in IBC but evidence is starting to accumulate for a role in DCIS. Detailed in vitro, in vivo and tissue studies focusing on the interplay between DCIS epithelial cells and the ME should help to define features that can better predict DCIS behaviour.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1464 ","pages":"211-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RANK/RANKL Signaling Pathway in Breast Development and Cancer. RANK/RANKL信号通路在乳腺发育和肿瘤中的作用

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_16

Gema Pérez-Chacón, Patricia G Santamaría, Jaime Redondo-Pedraza, Eva González-Suárez

{"title":"RANK/RANKL Signaling Pathway in Breast Development and Cancer.","authors":"Gema Pérez-Chacón, Patricia G Santamaría, Jaime Redondo-Pedraza, Eva González-Suárez","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_16","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_16","url":null,"abstract":"RANK pathway has attracted increasing interest as a promising target in breast cancer, given the availability of denosumab, an anti-RANKL drug. RANK signaling mediates progesterone-driven regulation of mammary gland development and favors breast cancer initiation by controlling mammary cell proliferation and stem cell fate. RANK activation promotes luminal mammary epithelial cell senescence, acting as an initial barrier to tumorigenesis but ultimately facilitating tumor progression and metastasis. Comprehensive analyses have demonstrated that RANK protein expression is an independent biomarker of poor prognosis in postmenopausal and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients. RANK pathway also has multiple roles in immunity and inflammation, regulating innate and adaptive responses. In the tumor microenvironment, RANK and RANKL are expressed by different immune cell populations and contribute to the regulation of tumor immune surveillance, mainly driving immunosuppressive effects.Herein, we discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of targeting RANK signaling in breast cancer given its tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic effects. RANKL inhibition has been shown to induce mammary tumor cell differentiation and an antitumor immune response. Moreover, loss of RANK signaling increases sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy, targeted therapies such as HER2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors, and immunotherapy. Finally, we describe clinical trials of denosumab for breast cancer prevention, such as those ongoing in women with high risk of developing breast cancer, large phase III clinical trials where the impact of adjuvant denosumab on disease-free survival has been assessed, and window trials to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of denosumab in breast cancer and other solid tumors.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1464 ","pages":"309-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Matching of Human Postmortem Donors to Ocular Research Projects. 人工智能辅助匹配人眼研究项目的人类死后供体。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_82

Gregory H Grossman, Thomas Cattell, Alyssa Abbott, Daniel MacIntyre

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Matching of Human Postmortem Donors to Ocular Research Projects.","authors":"Gregory H Grossman, Thomas Cattell, Alyssa Abbott, Daniel MacIntyre","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_82","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_82","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of human ocular samples with short postmortem intervals (PMIs) is a significant issue in ophthalmic research and drug discovery. A contributing factor is that eye banks must manually match donor data to prospective research project criteria, which is time-consuming, inefficient, and error-prone. We have previously reported on the successful use of a semi-automated matching system, ReSync. The barrier to full autonomy is that donor medical data is often provided as unstructured data in free text fields, which prevents interoperability with matching databases. Herein, we report on a small retrospective study, in which artificial intelligence (AI) is incorporated into ReSync (ReSyncAI) to test AI's ability to structure donor data for subsequent matching. From a set of historical cases, medical data was securely sent to a large language model with natural language processing. After structuring and standardizing, data was returned to ReSync for analysis and match testing. A 94.2% success rate in medical terminology keyword extraction in concert with correcting and standardizing medical data was achieved. Structured data was fully interoperable with ReSync. In a subset of cases, ReSyncAI properly matched donors to the standardized term of \"age-related macular degeneration\" from donor data, including instances of abbreviations, misspellings, and incomplete designations.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1468 ","pages":"505-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interplay of Retinal and Choroidal Vasculatures in Ocular Health and Disease. 视网膜和脉络膜血管在眼部健康和疾病中的相互作用。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_75

Albert L Gonzales, Alexa Paikai, David Maeng

引用次数: 0

Ocular Localization of Complement Factor H and Its Association with Diseases in the Eye. 补体因子H的眼部定位及其与眼部疾病的关系。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_71

Rayne R Lim, Jennifer R Chao

引用次数: 0