Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第8页

Iron and Liver Disease. 铁和肝脏疾病。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-92033-2_16

Heinz Zoller

引用次数: 0

Iron-Loading Anemias. Iron-Loading贫血。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-92033-2_11

Maayan V Levy, Yelena Z Ginzburg

引用次数: 0

Anemia of Inflammation. 炎症性贫血。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-92033-2_13

Lukas Lanser, Günter Weiss

{"title":"Anemia of Inflammation.","authors":"Lukas Lanser, Günter Weiss","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-92033-2_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92033-2_13","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia of inflammation (AI), also known as anemia of chronic disease, is the most common anemia in hospitalized patients and considered to be the second most common anemia worldwide after iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The hallmark of AI is iron restriction within macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) resulting in hypoferremia and hyperferritinemia together with suppression of erythropoiesis and shortened erythrocyte lifespan. Symptoms are comparable to other anemia entities and often related to the underlying disease. Patients usually present with normocytic, normochromic, hypoproliferative, mild-to-moderate anemia, reduced circulating iron levels (transferrin saturation), and increased stored iron (serum ferritin). However, AI is often associated with true iron deficiency on the basis of inflammatory diseases and blood losses of different reasons, which is why the correct identification of these patients, and their iron needs is a diagnostic challenge. Treatment of the underlying disease that causes immune activation is the primary therapeutic approach for AI which normally results in its resolution over time. Concomitant pathologies and factors contributing to the AI severity should be considered and, when feasible, specifically corrected. Iron supplementation is the first-line therapy for AI+IDA patients, while intravenously applied iron is trapped in macrophages of the MPS during advanced inflammation in patients with solely AI, whereas orally supplemented iron is not properly absorbed. Effectiveness of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents is limited in AI due to inflammation-mediated suppression of erythropoietin (Epo) signaling and impaired erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation, while red blood cell transfusion should primarily be used in life-threatening anemia. Clinical studies on hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors seem promising although concerns about their safety and efficacy in AI arose within recent years. New treatment strategies aim to modify the hepcidin-ferroportin axis, yet clinical trials are still outstanding.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1480 ","pages":"179-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The PRPH2 D2 Loop: Biochemical Insights and Implications in Disease. PRPH2 D2环：在疾病中的生化见解和意义。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_52

Larissa Ikelle, Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi, Muna I Naash

引用次数: 0

The Art of Neuroregeneration De Novo and In Situ. 新生和原位神经再生的技术。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2025_856

Eumorphia Remboutsika

引用次数: 0

Ciliopathy: Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome.

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-72230-1_36

Stephen H Tsang, Alicia R P Aycinena, Tarun Sharma

引用次数: 0

Genetic Testing for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Genetic Reports. 遗传性视网膜营养不良的基因检测：遗传报告。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-72230-1_57

Megan E Soucy

引用次数: 0

The Power of Drosophila in Modeling Cancer Cachexia. 果蝇在模拟癌症恶病质中的作用。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-97035-1_5

Chen Cheng, Ying Liu, Yuchen Chen, Jiaying Li, Weiqi Xu, Norbert Perrimon, Wei Song

{"title":"The Power of Drosophila in Modeling Cancer Cachexia.","authors":"Chen Cheng, Ying Liu, Yuchen Chen, Jiaying Li, Weiqi Xu, Norbert Perrimon, Wei Song","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-97035-1_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97035-1_5","url":null,"abstract":"Late-stage cancer patients often exhibit cachexia, a wasting syndrome characterized by the loss of muscle and adipose tissues. However, the extent to which these wasting effects directly contribute to mortality remains unclear. Drosophila, a well-conserved model organism, has been instrumental in demonstrating systemic energy wasting and mortality in the context of tumors, similar to mice and humans. Research in Drosophila has elucidated the underlying mechanisms by which tumor-associated secreted proteins cause muscle atrophy and lipid loss, ultimately leading to energy wasting. Nevertheless, emerging evidence in both Drosophila and mammals challenges the notion that blocking energy loss in muscle or fat is sufficient to improve tumor-associated mortality, suggesting the existence of additional pathogenic factors in cancer cachexia. This raises two critical questions: how do tumors disrupt the physiological functions of other organs besides muscle and fat, and to what extent do these organ dysfunctions contribute to tumor-induced mortality? In this chapter, we summarize current knowledge regarding how fly tumors interact with host organs or tissues through the production of cachectic secreted proteins, and how they influence disease progression. We also discuss the power of Drosophila models in uncovering the mechanisms and principles of tumor-induced wasting and mortality and exploring therapeutic opportunities using various leading technologies.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1482 ","pages":"83-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adolescent Alcohol and the Spectrum of Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging. 青少年酒精与老年认知功能障碍谱。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12

Terrence Deak, Hannah E Burzynski, Polliana T Nunes, Stephen M Day, Lisa M Savage

{"title":"Adolescent Alcohol and the Spectrum of Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging.","authors":"Terrence Deak, Hannah E Burzynski, Polliana T Nunes, Stephen M Day, Lisa M Savage","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many changes associated with aging, inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and throughout the body likely contributes to the constellation of health-related maladies associated with aging. Genetics, lifestyle factors, and environmental experiences shape the trajectory of aging-associated inflammation, including the developmental timing, frequency, and intensity of alcohol consumption. This chapter posits that neuroinflammatory processes form a critical link between alcohol exposure and the trajectory of healthy aging, at least in part through direct or indirect interactions with cholinergic circuits that are crucial to cognitive integrity. In this chapter, we begin with a discussion of how inflammation changes from early development through late aging; discuss the role of inflammation and alcohol in the emergence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); elaborate on critical findings on the contribution of alcohol-related thiamine deficiency to the loss of cholinergic function and subsequent development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS); and present emerging findings at the intersection of alcohol and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). In doing so, our analysis points toward inflammation-mediated compromise of basal forebrain cholinergic function as a key culprit in cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic alcohol exposure, effects that may be rescuable through either pharmacological or behavioral approaches. Furthermore, our chapter reveals an interesting dichotomy in the effects of alcohol on neuropathological markers of ADRD that depend upon both biological sex and genetic vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1473 ","pages":"257-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Emerging Role for Gut-Brain Signaling Involving Ghrelin in Chronic Stress. 肠-脑信号在慢性应激中的新作用。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-89525-8_7

Alexis A Salcido, Neftali F Reyes, Andrea Y Macias, Serina A Batson, Dirk W Beck, Alexander Friedman, Ki A Goosens

{"title":"An Emerging Role for Gut-Brain Signaling Involving Ghrelin in Chronic Stress.","authors":"Alexis A Salcido, Neftali F Reyes, Andrea Y Macias, Serina A Batson, Dirk W Beck, Alexander Friedman, Ki A Goosens","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-89525-8_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-89525-8_7","url":null,"abstract":"Our internal and external environments are not stable; these ever-changing contexts produce stress on bodily systems. In response, the body recruits numerous peripheral hormones to bring those systems back within a desired homeostatic range. When our environments change in extreme ways and for prolonged periods of time, a different set of hormonal stress responses are recruited. These chronic stress responses produce adaptive changes but can also drive maladaptation. This chapter begins by reviewing the peripheral hormones that are recruited as part of the acute stress response and describing their adaptive impact on brain and peripheral function. We then examine new research describing the role of ghrelin, a hormone produced by the gut, in chronic stress. We review the role of ghrelin in hunger and consider how energy deficiency, a state shared by both hunger and stress, might explain why ghrelin is elevated by both. We consider how the unique recruitment of ghrelin during chronic stress mediates responses in the brain that can help an organism respond to future stressors, but also how chronic elevation of ghrelin can produce additional adaptations that contribute to stress-sensitive psychiatric disorders. Lastly, we identify important future areas for research on the biology of ghrelin.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1477 ","pages":"205-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0