Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第8页

Addressing Chronic Conditions and Social Determinants of Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间应对慢性疾病和健康的社会决定因素。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61943-4_22

Hani Serag, Lima Ghulmi, Hanaa S Sallam, Monique Ferguson, Bushra Manakatt

{"title":"Addressing Chronic Conditions and Social Determinants of Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Hani Serag, Lima Ghulmi, Hanaa S Sallam, Monique Ferguson, Bushra Manakatt","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61943-4_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61943-4_22","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic conditions or diseases are defined as persistent conditions lasting ≥ 1 year requiring either ongoing medical attention or limiting daily living or both (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in Programs: SHARE approach workshop, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (2016) Programs: SHARE approach workshop 2016. https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/education/curriculum-tools/shareddecisionmaking/workshop/index.html . Accessed 20 Jan 2017). Physical chronic conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, and stroke, are prevalent, especially in the older population. Over 90% of older adults have at least 1 and 77% have ≥ 2 chronic conditions (American Diabetes Association (ADA) in Statistics about diabetes, American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2023) Statistics about diabetes. https://diabetes.org/about-us/statistics/about-diabetes . Accessed 20 Apr 2023). Chronic conditions account for $4.1 trillion of the nation's annual healthcare expenditure (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in Health and economic costs of chronic conditions, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Health and Economic Costs of Chronic Conditions (2022). https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/costs/index.htm . Accessed 7 Jan 2023). There are marked disparities based on age, color, and income, with older people, people of color, and lower-income people having higher treatment costs or even lost wages in response to having chronic conditions. Chronic conditions are the on-the-top leading causes for death with diabetes being the top 7th in the USA in 2019 (Ferguson in Metabolic Syndrome Related Dis, Ferguson et al., Metab Syndr Relat Disord 21:177-187, 2023).","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1458 ","pages":"335-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Ebstein Anomaly. 爱博斯坦畸形的临床表现和治疗。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_56

Nikolaus A Haas, David J Driscoll, Silke Rickert-Sperling

引用次数: 0

Current Status of Vaccine Development for Monkeypox Virus. 猴痘病毒疫苗研发现状。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_18

Amber Rastogi, Manoj Kumar

{"title":"Current Status of Vaccine Development for Monkeypox Virus.","authors":"Amber Rastogi, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_18","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_18","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox virus (MPXV) of poxviridae family causes a zoonotic disease called monkeypox (Mpox). MPXV cases have a fatality ratio ranging from 0 to 11% globally and have been more prevalent in children. There are three generations of smallpox vaccines that protect against MPXV. First and second generation of the vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccine protects MPXV. However, various adverse side effects were associated with the first and second generations of vaccines. In contrast, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) replication-incompetent vaccine shows fewer adverse effects and a significant amount of neutralizing antibodies in mammalian cells. A third-generation Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) was approved to prevent Mpox in 2019. Recently, MVA-BN-based Imvanex, Imvamune, and JYNNEOS vaccines have also been administered against MPXV. Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency in May 2022 due to increased MPXV cases. Various computational studies have also designed a multi-epitope-based vaccine against the MPXV. In the multi-epitope-based vaccine, different epitopes like B-cell, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL), CD8+, and CD4+ epitopes were derived from MPXV proteins. Further, these epitopes were linked with the help of various linkers to design a multi-epitope vaccine against MPXV. In summary, we have provided an overview of the current status of the vaccine against MPXV.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1451 ","pages":"289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Multi-pronged Approach to Addressing Global Poxviruses Vaccine Inequity: A Case of Monkeypox. 多管齐下解决全球痘病毒疫苗不公平问题：猴痘案例。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_20

Barbara W K Son, Otioli W Wambalaba, Wamukota Francis Wambalaba

{"title":"A Multi-pronged Approach to Addressing Global Poxviruses Vaccine Inequity: A Case of Monkeypox.","authors":"Barbara W K Son, Otioli W Wambalaba, Wamukota Francis Wambalaba","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_20","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_20","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox has been endemic in Congo and Nigeria for at least five decades. Since early May 2022, there have been numerous unprecedented outbreaks throughout the world in places without any previously reported cases. While a majority of the diagnosed cases have been within Europe and the Americas, several cases have occurred in non-endemic African countries. As of December 2022, 82,999 cases had been reported globally, prompting concern among the World Health Organization (WHO) members. While the WHO has not labeled this epidemic a Global Health Emergency, member states have begun to put forward plans to consolidate their emergency vaccine stockpiles and share the limited number of vaccines made by the single FDA-approved manufacturer, Bavarian Nordic. Many countries are concerned about how vaccines will be shared. Some of the larger donor States are positioned to be the biggest beneficiaries of vaccine sharing, while States from areas that have been suffering from the virus since the 1970s have not been allocated any. This pattern of vaccine distribution echoes that seen during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the similarities between Monkeypox and Smallpox, contact precautions and vaccination seem to be effective strategies to combat its rapid spread. We aim to evaluate how an eradication program model similar to that used for Smallpox can be applied to Monkeypox, and whether it can address vaccine inequity. To do this, we use a multi-pronged approach targeting disease surveillance, vaccine awareness, manufacturing, cost, and distribution strategies.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1451 ","pages":"317-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Biology and Immune Response. 传染性软疣病毒：生物学和免疫反应。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_10

Luigi Santacroce, Thea Magrone

引用次数: 0

Poxviridae Pneumonia. 痘病毒科肺炎。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12

Francesco Nucera, Letterio Bonina, Antonino Cipolla, Pietro Pirina, Philip M Hansbro, Ian M Adcock, Gaetano Caramori

{"title":"Poxviridae Pneumonia.","authors":"Francesco Nucera, Letterio Bonina, Antonino Cipolla, Pietro Pirina, Philip M Hansbro, Ian M Adcock, Gaetano Caramori","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12","url":null,"abstract":"Poxviridae family includes several viruses that infecting humans usually causes skin lesions only, but in some cases their clinical course is complicated by viral pneumonia (with or without bacterial superinfections). Historically variola virus has been the poxviridae most frequently associated with the development of pneumonia with many large outbreaks worldwide before its eradication in 1980. It is still considered a biological threat for its potential in biological warfare and bioterrorism. Smallpox pneumonia can be severe with the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Vaccinia virus, used for vaccination against smallpox exceptionally, in immunocompromised patients, can induce generalized (with also lung involvement) severe disease after vaccination. MPXV virus occasionally can cause pneumonia particularly in immunocompromised patients. The pathophysiology of poxviridae pneumonia is still an area of active research; however, in animal models these viruses can cause both direct damage to the lower airways epithelium and a hyperinflammatory syndrome, like a cytokine storm. Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion have also been described. The treatment of poxviridae pneumonia is mainly based on careful supportive care. Despite the absence of randomized clinical trials in patients with poxviridae pneumonia there are antiviral drugs, such as tecovirimat, cidofovir and brincidofovir, FDA-approved for use in smallpox and also available under an expanded access protocol for treatment of MPXV. There are 2 (replication-deficient modified vaccinia Ankara and replication-competent vaccinia virus) smallpox vaccines FDA-approved with the first one also approved for prevention of MPXV in adults that are at high risk of infection.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1451 ","pages":"183-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Overview of Potential Antiviral Bioactive Compounds in Poxviruses. 痘病毒中潜在的抗病毒生物活性化合物概述。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_21

Sunil Kumar

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Immunization Strategies Against Clostridioides difficile. 艰难梭菌的免疫策略

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_7

Camille Campidelli, Jean-François Bruxelle, Anne Collignon, Severine Péchiné

{"title":"Immunization Strategies Against Clostridioides difficile.","authors":"Camille Campidelli, Jean-François Bruxelle, Anne Collignon, Severine Péchiné","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_7","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is an important healthcare but also a community-associated disease. CDI is considered a public health threat and an economic burden. A major problem is the high rate of recurrences. Besides classical antibiotic treatments, new therapeutic strategies are needed to prevent infection, to treat patients, and to prevent recurrences. If fecal transplantation has been recommended to treat recurrences, another key approach is to elicit immunity against C. difficile and its virulence factors. Here, after a summary concerning the virulence factors, the host immune response against C. difficile, and its role in the outcome of disease, we review the different approaches of passive immunotherapies and vaccines developed against CDI. Passive immunization strategies are designed in function of the target antigen, the antibody-based product, and its administration route. Similarly, for active immunization strategies, vaccine antigens can target toxins or surface proteins, and immunization can be performed by parenteral or mucosal routes. For passive immunization and vaccination as well, we first present immunization assays performed in animal models and second in humans and associated clinical trials. The different studies are presented according to the mode of administration either parenteral or mucosal and the target antigens and either toxins or colonization factors.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1435 ","pages":"117-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139085473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural Oscillations and Multisensory Processing. 神经振荡与多感官处理

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_8

Yanfang Zuo, Zuoren Wang

{"title":"Neural Oscillations and Multisensory Processing.","authors":"Yanfang Zuo, Zuoren Wang","doi":"10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_8","url":null,"abstract":"Neural oscillations play a role in sensory processing by coordinating synchronized neuronal activity. Synchronization of gamma oscillations is engaged in local computation of feedforward signals and synchronization of alpha-beta oscillations is engaged in feedback processing over long-range areas. These spatially and spectrally segregated bi-directional signals may be integrated by a mechanism of cross-frequency coupling. Synchronization of neural oscillations has also been proposed as a mechanism for information integration across multiple sensory modalities. A transient stimulus or rhythmic stimulus from one modality may lead to phase alignment of ongoing neural oscillations in multiple sensory cortices, through a mechanism of cross-modal phase reset or cross-modal neural entrainment. Synchronized activities in multiple sensory cortices are more likely to boost stronger activities in downstream areas. Compared to synchronized oscillations, asynchronized oscillations may impede signal processing, and may contribute to sensory selection by setting the oscillations in the target-related cortex and the oscillations in the distractor-related cortex to opposite phases.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1437 ","pages":"121-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synesthetic Correspondence: An Overview. 联想对应：综述。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_7

Lihan Chen

{"title":"Synesthetic Correspondence: An Overview.","authors":"Lihan Chen","doi":"10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_7","url":null,"abstract":"Intramodal and cross-modal perceptual grouping based on the spatial proximity and temporal closeness between multiple sensory stimuli, as an operational principle has built a coherent and meaningful representation of the multisensory event/object. To implement and investigate the cross-modal perceptual grouping, researchers have employed excellent paradigms of spatial/temporal ventriloquism and cross-modal dynamic capture and have revealed the conditional constraints as well as the functional facilitations among various correspondence of sensory properties, with featured behavioral evidence, computational framework as well as brain oscillation patterns. Typically, synesthetic correspondence as a special type of cross-modal correspondence can shape the efficiency and effect-size of cross-modal interaction. For example, factors such as pitch/loudness in the auditory dimension with size/brightness in the visual dimension could modulate the strength of the cross-modal temporal capture. The empirical behavioral findings, as well as psychophysical and neurophysiological evidence to address the cross-modal perceptual grouping and synesthetic correspondence, were summarized in this review. Finally, the potential applications (such as artificial synesthesia device) and how synesthetic correspondence interface with semantics (sensory linguistics), as well as the promising research questions in this field have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1437 ","pages":"101-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0