Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第9页

Crossmodal Associations and Working Memory in the Brain. 大脑中的跨模态联想和工作记忆

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_6

Yixuan Ku, Yongdi Zhou

{"title":"Crossmodal Associations and Working Memory in the Brain.","authors":"Yixuan Ku, Yongdi Zhou","doi":"10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_6","url":null,"abstract":"Crossmodal associations between stimuli from different sensory modalities could emerge in non-synesthetic people and be stored in working memory to guide goal-directed behaviors. This chapter reviews a plethora of studies in this field to summarize where, when, and how crossmodal associations and working memory are processed. It has been found that in those brain regions that are traditionally considered as unimodal primary sensory areas, neural activity could be influenced by crossmodal sensory signals at temporally very early stage of information processing. This phenomenon could not be due to feedback projections from higher level associative areas. Sequentially, neural processes would then occur in associative cortical areas including the posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex. Neural oscillations in multiple frequency bands may reflect brain activity in crossmodal associations, and it is likely that neural synchrony is related to potential neural mechanisms underlying these processes. Primary sensory areas and associative areas coordinate together through neural synchrony to fulfil crossmodal associations and to guide working memory performance.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1437 ","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decentralized Neural Circuits of Multisensory Information Integration in the Brain. 大脑多感官信息整合的分散神经回路

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_1

Wen-Hao Zhang

{"title":"Decentralized Neural Circuits of Multisensory Information Integration in the Brain.","authors":"Wen-Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_1","url":null,"abstract":"The brain combines multisensory inputs together to obtain a complete and reliable description of the world. Recent experiments suggest that several interconnected multisensory brain areas are simultaneously involved to integrate multisensory information. It was unknown how these mutually connected multisensory areas achieve multisensory integration. To answer this question, using biologically plausible neural circuit models we developed a decentralized system for information integration that comprises multiple interconnected multisensory brain areas. Through studying an example of integrating visual and vestibular cues to infer heading direction, we show that such a decentralized system is well consistent with experimental observations. In particular, we demonstrate that this decentralized system can optimally integrate information by implementing sampling-based Bayesian inference. The Poisson variability of spike generation provides appropriate variability to drive sampling, and the interconnections between multisensory areas store the correlation prior between multisensory stimuli. The decentralized system predicts that optimally integrated information emerges locally from the dynamics of the communication between brain areas and sheds new light on the interpretation of the connectivity between multisensory brain areas.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1437 ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Multisensory Integration to Multisensory Decision-Making. 从多感官整合到多感官决策。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_2

Qihao Zheng, Yong Gu

引用次数: 0

Proteomic-Based Studies on Memory Formation in Normal and Neurodegenerative Disease-Affected Brains. 基于蛋白质组学的正常大脑和受神经退行性疾病影响的大脑记忆形成研究

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_7

Ikaro Jesus da Silva Beraldo, Mateus Prates Rodrigues, Rafaela Schuttenberg Polanczyk, Thiago Verano-Braga, Cleiton Lopes-Aguiar

{"title":"Proteomic-Based Studies on Memory Formation in Normal and Neurodegenerative Disease-Affected Brains.","authors":"Ikaro Jesus da Silva Beraldo, Mateus Prates Rodrigues, Rafaela Schuttenberg Polanczyk, Thiago Verano-Braga, Cleiton Lopes-Aguiar","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_7","url":null,"abstract":"A critical aspect of cognition is the ability to acquire, consolidate, and evoke memories, which is considerably impaired by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. These mnemonic processes are dependent on signaling cascades, which involve protein expression and degradation. Recent mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has opened a range of possibilities for the study of memory formation and impairment, making it possible to research protein systems not studied before. However, in the context of synaptic proteome related to learning processes and memory formation, a deeper understanding of the synaptic proteome temporal dynamics after induction of synaptic plasticity and the molecular changes underlying the cognitive deficits seen in neurodegenerative diseases is needed. This review analyzes the applications of proteomics for understanding memory processes in both normal and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the most critical experimental studies have been summarized using the PANTHER overrepresentation test. Finally, limitations associated with investigations of memory studies in physiological and neurodegenerative disorders have also been discussed.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1443 ","pages":"129-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139970580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Omics to Unveil Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis and Biomarkers: Focus on Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Metabolomics. Omics 揭示糖尿病发病机制和生物标志物：聚焦蛋白质组学、脂质组学和代谢组学。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_11

Nícia Pedreira Soares, Gabriela Castro Magalhaes, Pedro Henrique Mayrink, Thiago Verano-Braga

{"title":"Omics to Unveil Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis and Biomarkers: Focus on Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Metabolomics.","authors":"Nícia Pedreira Soares, Gabriela Castro Magalhaes, Pedro Henrique Mayrink, Thiago Verano-Braga","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_11","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_11","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, resulting from either body's inability to produce or effectively utilize insulin. There are several types of DM, but the most common are type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DM is a complex disease and a global health concern, and the current clinical markers, such as fasting glucose, are helpful in the diagnosis of DM, but are not specific and sensitive, especially when measured on the beginning of the pathogenesis. Therefore, there is a pressing need to discover new early biomarkers that can provide an early diagnosis. Omics is an important field for the discovery of potential new biomarkers, especially proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, where techniques such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance are utilized to identify novel DM biomarkers and their pathways. In this review, we report papers that applied omics in the context of DM to identify new markers and their relationship with this disease, with the aim of elucidating new diagnostic techniques for the main types of DM.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1443 ","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139970641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Treatment for Thymic Involution. 间充质干细胞：胸腺内陷的有望治疗方法。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_780

Zailing Yang, Yunxiao Peng, Jun Yuan, Haixiong Xia, Li Luo, Xijun Wu

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Treatment for Thymic Involution.","authors":"Zailing Yang, Yunxiao Peng, Jun Yuan, Haixiong Xia, Li Luo, Xijun Wu","doi":"10.1007/5584_2023_780","DOIUrl":"10.1007/5584_2023_780","url":null,"abstract":"The thymus is the main immune organ in the body. However, the thymus gradually degenerates in early life, leading to a reduction in T-cell production and a decrease in immune function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising alternative for the treatment of thymus senescence due to their homing ability to the site of inflammation and their paracrine, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the heterogeneity, difficulty of survival in vivo, short residence time, and low homing efficiency of the injected MSCs affect the clinical therapeutic effect. This article reviews strategies to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy, including the selection of appropriate cell doses, transplantation frequency, and interval cycles. The survival rate of MSCs can be improved to some extent by improving the infusion mode of MSCs, such as simulating the in vivo environment, applying the biological technology of hydrogels and microgels, and iron oxide labeling technology, which can improve the curative effect and homing of MSCs, promote the regeneration of thymic epithelial cells, and restore the function of the thymus.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9751974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systemic Inflammation but not Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Physical Performance in Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 全身炎症而非氧化应激与中度慢性阻塞性肺病患者的运动表现有关。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_784

Luis Peñailillo, Claudia Miranda-Fuentes, Sebastián Gutiérrez, Sebastián García-Vicencio, Sebastián Jannas-Vela, Cristian Campos Acevedo, Reyna S Peñailillo

{"title":"Systemic Inflammation but not Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Physical Performance in Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Luis Peñailillo, Claudia Miranda-Fuentes, Sebastián Gutiérrez, Sebastián García-Vicencio, Sebastián Jannas-Vela, Cristian Campos Acevedo, Reyna S Peñailillo","doi":"10.1007/5584_2023_784","DOIUrl":"10.1007/5584_2023_784","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients manifest muscle dysfunction and impaired muscle oxidative capacity, which result in reduced exercise capacity and poor health status. The aim of this study was to compare the physical performance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress of patients with moderate COPD, and to associate physical performance with inflammatory and oxidative stress plasma markers. Twenty CONTROL (n = 10) and moderate COPD (n = 10) patients participated in this study. Systematic inflammation and oxidative stress plasma markers, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak), and maximal isometric strength (MVIC) of the knee extensor (KE) muscles were measured. VO2peak was 31.3% greater in CONTROL compared to COPD (P = 0.006). The MVIC strength of the KE was 43.9% greater in CONTROL compared to COPD (P = 0.002). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was 79.6% greater in COPD compared to CONTROL (P < 0.001). Glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) activity was 27.5% lesser in COPD compared to CONTROL (P = 0.05). TNF-α concentration was correlated with KE MVC strength (R = -0.48; P = 0.045) and VO2peak (R = -0.58; P = 0.01). Meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) and GPx activity were not associated with KE strength or VO2peak (P = 0.74 and P = 0.14, respectively). COPD patients showed lesser muscle strength and aerobic capacity than healthy control individuals. Furthermore, patients with COPD showed greater systemic inflammation and lesser antioxidant capacity than healthy counterparts. A moderate association was evident between levels of systemic inflammation and physical performance variables.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":"121-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9938424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cancer-Derived Immunoglobulin G and Pancreatic Cancer. 癌症衍生免疫球蛋白 G 与胰腺癌

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_10

Ming Cui, Xiaoyan Qiu

{"title":"Cancer-Derived Immunoglobulin G and Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Ming Cui, Xiaoyan Qiu","doi":"10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_10","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin (Ig) is traditionally believed to be produced solely by B cells. Nonetheless, mounting evidence has demonstrated that various types of Igs are extensively expressed in many cell types. Among them, IgG is found to be highly expressed in cancer cells and is thus labeled as cancer-derived IgG. Cancer-derived IgG shares identical fundamental structures with B cell-derived IgG, but displays several unique characteristics, including restricted variable region sequences and unique glycosylation modifications for those expressed by epithelial cancers. Cancer-derived IgG plays multiple crucial roles in carcinogenesis, including facilitating cancer invasion and metastasis, enhancing cancer stemness, contributing to chemoresistance, and remodeling the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have discovered that cancer-derived sialylated IgG (SIA-IgG) is extensively expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane. Cancer-derived IgG expressed by pancreatic cancer presents a restrictive variable region sequence and contains a unique sialylation site of the Fab region. Functionally, cancer-derived IgG participates in pancreatic cancer progression via different mechanisms, such as promoting proliferation, facilitating migration and invasion, resisting apoptosis, inducing inflammation, and modulating the tumour microenvironment. SIA-IgG has shown potential as a clinical biomarker. The expression of SIA-IgG is associated with poor tumour differentiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. High expression of SIA-IgG can serve as an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, SIA-IgG expression elevated with malignant progression for the precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer. These findings present a prospect of applying cancer-derived IgG as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in the management of pancreatic cancer, and aiding in overcoming the challenge in the treatment of this stubborn malignancy.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1445 ","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of the Cardiac Conduction System. 心脏传导系统的发展

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_10

Lieve E van der Maarel, Vincent M Christoffels

引用次数: 0

Cardiac Development at a Single-Cell Resolution. 单细胞分辨率下的心脏发育

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_14

Nicholas Wei, Carissa Lee, Lauren Duan, Francisco X Galdos, Tahmina Samad, Alireza Raissadati, William R Goodyer, Sean M Wu

{"title":"Cardiac Development at a Single-Cell Resolution.","authors":"Nicholas Wei, Carissa Lee, Lauren Duan, Francisco X Galdos, Tahmina Samad, Alireza Raissadati, William R Goodyer, Sean M Wu","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_14","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_14","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian cardiac development is a complex, multistage process. Though traditional lineage tracing studies have characterized the broad trajectories of cardiac progenitors, the advent and rapid optimization of single-cell RNA sequencing methods have yielded an ever-expanding toolkit for characterizing heterogeneous cell populations in the developing heart. Importantly, they have allowed for a robust profiling of the spatiotemporal transcriptomic landscape of the human and mouse heart, revealing the diversity of cardiac cells-myocyte and non-myocyte-over the course of development. These studies have yielded insights into novel cardiac progenitor populations, chamber-specific developmental signatures, the gene regulatory networks governing cardiac development, and, thus, the etiologies of congenital heart diseases. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing has allowed for the exquisite characterization of distinct cardiac populations such as the hard-to-capture cardiac conduction system and the intracardiac immune population. Therefore, single-cell profiling has also resulted in new insights into the regulation of cardiac regeneration and injury repair. Single-cell multiomics approaches combining transcriptomics, genomics, and epigenomics may uncover an even more comprehensive atlas of human cardiac biology. Single-cell analyses of the developing and adult mammalian heart offer an unprecedented look into the fundamental mechanisms of cardiac development and the complex diseases that may arise from it.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1441 ","pages":"253-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0