Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第9页

Chromatin-Based Control of Mammalian Sex Determination: Integrating Epigenetic and Metabolic Mechanisms. 基于染色质的哺乳动物性别决定控制：整合表观遗传和代谢机制。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-92-1439-6_3

Naoki Okashita, Makoto Tachibana

引用次数: 0

Elucidation of the Roles of CD22 Cis-Ligands in B Lymphocyte Development and Signaling Using Genetic and Chemical Tools. 利用遗传和化学工具阐明CD22顺式配体在B淋巴细胞发育和信号传导中的作用。

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Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_9

Takeshi Tsubata

{"title":"Elucidation of the Roles of CD22 Cis-Ligands in B Lymphocyte Development and Signaling Using Genetic and Chemical Tools.","authors":"Takeshi Tsubata","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_9","url":null,"abstract":"CD22 (also known as Siglec-2) is a member of the Siglec family preferentially expressed in B cells. CD22 specifically recognizes α2,6 sialic acid by the extracellular lectin domain and recruits the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 at the cytoplasmic tail, thereby negatively regulating signaling through the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). CD22 constitutively interacts with multiple different sialylated endogenous ligands, mostly those expressed on the same cell (cis-ligands). Analysis using mice deficient in α2.6 sialic acid, and synthetic sialosides that inhibit ligand binding of CD22 revealed that ligand interaction of CD22 differentially regulates BCR ligation-induced signaling and tonic signaling, the low-level signaling generated by the BCR in the absence of ligation, probably because CD22 is regulated by different cis-ligands depending on the level of CD22 phosphorylation. This differential regulation is involved in quality control of signaling-competent B cells. Interaction of CD22 with ligands, especially BCR, lowers tonic signaling required for B cell survival, thereby removing signaling-incompetent cells during B cell development. In contrast, recognition of other CD22 molecules as a cis-ligand enhances signaling upon BCR ligation. Interaction of CD22 with multiple different sialylated ligands therefore plays a crucial role in the maintenance of efficient B cell responses to antigens.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1491 ","pages":"131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Definitions, Criteria, and Health Implications. 青少年代谢综合征：定义、标准和健康影响

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Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_9

Sampath Kumar Amaravadi

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Definitions, Criteria, and Health Implications.","authors":"Sampath Kumar Amaravadi","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_9","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial cluster of cardiometabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension, that significantly elevate the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although traditionally associated with adults, MetS is increasingly prevalent in the adolescent population, paralleling the global surge in childhood obesity. Early onset of MetS carries substantial implications for long-term health, as the condition often tracks into adulthood and is associated with early vascular changes and subclinical organ damage.Understanding MetS in adolescents presents unique challenges. The lack of consensus definitions, physiological changes during puberty, and the need for age, sex, and ethnicity-specific criteria have limited the uniform application of diagnostic thresholds. Furthermore, the syndrome's pathophysiology involves complex interactions between adipose tissue dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors.This chapter provides a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on MetS in adolescents. It explores the historical evolution of the syndrome's concept, outlines major diagnostic definitions, and highlights epidemiological trends across populations. The chapter delves into pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and associated comorbidities such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), NAFLD, and sleep-disordered breathing. Special attention is given to inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers, as well as at-risk subpopulations, including ethnic minorities and youth with adverse intrauterine exposures.The aim of this chapter is to inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers on the urgent need for early recognition, stratified risk assessment, and targeted intervention strategies in adolescents with MetS, thereby improving lifelong cardiometabolic outcomes and reducing global health burden.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1505 ","pages":"165-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiopulmonary Benefits of Exercise in Adolescents. 青少年运动对心肺的益处。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_14

Tingting Yang, Meiyu Hu, Yuxin Hu, Guoping Li, Juan Gao, Junjie Xiao

引用次数: 0

Outline: The Long-Term Impact of Exercise on Adolescent Growth and Development. 运动对青少年生长发育的长期影响。

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Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_16

Fernando Millan-Domingo, Adrián De la Rosa González, María Alejandra Camacho-Villa

{"title":"Outline: The Long-Term Impact of Exercise on Adolescent Growth and Development.","authors":"Fernando Millan-Domingo, Adrián De la Rosa González, María Alejandra Camacho-Villa","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_16","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_16","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence represents a critical developmental window during which lifestyle habits profoundly influence long-term health trajectories. This chapter examines the enduring effects of physical activity (PA) initiated during adolescence on musculoskeletal, cardiometabolic, cognitive, and mental health outcomes. Evidence from longitudinal and epidemiological studies consistently demonstrates that regular PA during this period is associated with reduced risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia in adulthood. Mechanistic insights highlight the role of PA in enhancing bone mineral development, muscle hypertrophy, metabolic regulation, and neuroplasticity, partially mediated by factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The chapter further addresses the influence of mediating and moderating variables, including genetic predisposition, biological sex, maturational timing, and sociocultural determinants, in shaping individual responses to exercise. Finally, it underscores the necessity of integrated, multilevel public health strategies and school-based interventions tailored to adolescent needs, aimed at promoting equitable, sustainable engagement in PA. By synthesizing current evidence, this chapter emphasizes the lifelong preventive and therapeutic potential of adolescent PA for reducing the global burden of noncommunicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1505 ","pages":"307-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proteomic Analysis of Histone Sequence Variants and Post-translationally Modified Forms. 组蛋白序列变异和翻译后修饰形式的蛋白质组学分析。

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Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-21638-0_4

Palina Ryzhaya, Pavlína Pírek, Radomír Pech, Karolína Kryštofová, Zbyněk Zdráhal, Gabriela Lochmanová

{"title":"Proteomic Analysis of Histone Sequence Variants and Post-translationally Modified Forms.","authors":"Palina Ryzhaya, Pavlína Pírek, Radomír Pech, Karolína Kryštofová, Zbyněk Zdráhal, Gabriela Lochmanová","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-21638-0_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-21638-0_4","url":null,"abstract":"Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone variants are the key mechanisms driving epigenetic regulation. They play a crucial role in modulating chromatin structure and gene activity. As epigenetics has become a foundational aspect of molecular biology, the precise characterization of histones is essential for understanding gene regulation, cellular plasticity, and the molecular basis of diseases.Mass spectrometry in combination with liquid chromatography has emerged as the leading technology for mapping and quantification of histone peptidoforms. It offers exceptional sensitivity and resolution to unravel the complexity of the epigenetic landscape. Despite its advantages, the inherent diversity of histone isoforms and PTMs presents analytical challenges, and no universal workflow currently enables comprehensive and unbiased profiling of the overall state of histone modifications.This chapter presents key methodologies for histone analysis using bottom-up proteomics, including protocols for histone extraction, enzymatic digestion, and chemical derivatization prior to LC-MS/MS. It also provides details of specific aspects of LC-MS/MS analysis and outlines strategies for data evaluation and interpretation. The clinical potential of histone proteomics is illustrated through a case study focusing on the characterization of histones in human sperm in the context of male infertility.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1510 ","pages":"75-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vascular Mechanobiology: From Membrane to Nucleus. 血管力学生物学：从膜到核。

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Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-22285-5_4

Qing-Ping Yao, Zhong-Qian Liu, Meng-Xiao Li, Kun-Peng Wu, Ying-Xin Qi

{"title":"Vascular Mechanobiology: From Membrane to Nucleus.","authors":"Qing-Ping Yao, Zhong-Qian Liu, Meng-Xiao Li, Kun-Peng Wu, Ying-Xin Qi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-22285-5_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-22285-5_4","url":null,"abstract":"The vascular wall is continuously exposed to complex hemodynamic forces in vivo due to blood flow. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) experience distinct mechanical stresses, primarily shear stress and cyclic stretch, which are determined by their spatial organization within the vessel wall. Numerous studies indicate that abnormal (pathological) mechanical forces play crucial roles in EC and VSMC dysfunction during various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vein graft disease. This mechanical dysfunction represents a fundamental driver from vascular homeostasis to pathological remodeling. Hemodynamic forces activate membrane-associated mechanosensors, triggering a cascade of reactions through intricate intracellular signaling networks. Emerging evidence suggests that nuclear components, especially nuclear envelope proteins, nuclear pore complex, and chromatin, serve as important mechanosensitive elements that modulate chromatin dynamics, gene transcription, and ultimately cellular functions. However, research on the role of the nucleus in mechanotransduction remains in its early stages. Here, we briefly summarize the mechanosensors on the vascular cell membrane and particularly focus on the emerging roles of nuclear envelope proteins, nuclear pore complex, and chromatin in hemodynamic force-mediated vascular remodeling. These insights may advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying both vascular physiological homeostasis and pathophysiological remodeling, potentially leading to novel hemodynamic-based strategies for preventing and treating vascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1512 ","pages":"85-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inflammasomes in Oral Pathologies: From Periodontal Disease to Oral Cancer. 口腔病理中的炎性体：从牙周病到口腔癌。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_16

Gaetano Isola, Alessandro Polizzi

{"title":"Inflammasomes in Oral Pathologies: From Periodontal Disease to Oral Cancer.","authors":"Gaetano Isola, Alessandro Polizzi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_16","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_16","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play a crucial role in the innate immune system, particularly in the regulation of inflammatory responses, and play a critical role in different oral pathologies, influencing the development and progression of conditions like periodontal disease and oral cancer by regulating inflammatory responses that contribute to tissue damage and tumorigenesis. The multiprotein inflammasome complexes have a role in the body's innate immune response by detecting pathogens, tissue damage, and other stress signals, leading to the activation of inflammatory cytokines, primarily interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. In the context of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the tissues supporting the teeth, inflammasomes are integral in mediating the inflammatory response that drives the disease progression. Their activation is pivotal in oral health and the progression of various oral diseases, ranging from periodontal diseases to oral cancer. This review explores the involvement of inflammasomes in oral pathologies, with a focus on their role in periodontal diseases, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and oral cancer. Specifically, we examine how dysregulation of inflammasome activity contributes to inflammatory conditions like gingivitis and periodontitis, and how this can transition into more severe oral diseases, such as OPMDs and cancer. This chapter will also highlight the role of epigenetic changes in inflammasome regulation, providing insight into potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for oral health management. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of inflammasome research in improving our understanding and treatment of oral pathologies, pointing to future directions for clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1492 ","pages":"317-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145501536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Racism in Healthcare: The Impact of Demographic Factors on Greek Nurses' Discrimination Attitudes and Beliefs. 探讨医疗保健中的种族主义：人口因素对希腊护士歧视态度和信念的影响。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_33

Maria Daratsianou, Evangelos C Fradelos, Manos Spyridakis, Panagiotis Prezerakos, Foteini Tzavella

{"title":"Exploring Racism in Healthcare: The Impact of Demographic Factors on Greek Nurses' Discrimination Attitudes and Beliefs.","authors":"Maria Daratsianou, Evangelos C Fradelos, Manos Spyridakis, Panagiotis Prezerakos, Foteini Tzavella","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_33","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_33","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In multicultural societies, nurses, like the rest of the population, carry prejudices toward the immigrant population. These biases determine their practice and the treatment of these patients, leading to inequalities in healthcare. Aim of the present study is to investigate the discriminatory behaviors of the nursing staff toward people of different ethnic origins as well as the factors that affect and are related to these behaviors.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study design was applied in this study. Data were collected with a two-part self-reported questionnaire, the first part contained social, professional, and demographic information, and the second part was a validated instrument that measures nursing staff's attitudes and views against discrimination. Data were analyzed with SPSS v.22.Results: From the total of 2034 nurses and nursing assistants, 85.4% were female, 32.8% 40-49 years old, and 99% of them were of Greek nationality. Age, gender, educational and marital status among other factors found to be associated with nurses' attitudes and beliefs toward discrimination.Conclusion: Various social, professional, and demographic factors are associated with nurses' attitudes and discrimination beliefs. Attitudes of health professionals, especially nurses, toward people of different ethnic origins, as well as the predictors of these attitudes of these factors should be assessed because they can contribute to the quality of the provided nursing care.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1487 ","pages":"337-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145581518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of a Schroth Method-Based Exercise Program, on Enhancing the In-Brace Correction on Individuals with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. 一项基于Schroth方法的锻炼计划对特发性脊柱侧凸患者加强支具内矫正的影响：一项回顾性队列研究。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_18

Alexandros Kastrinis, Konstantina Kompogianni, Evangelia Skaftourou, Evangelos Theodosopoulos, Eleni Nomikou, Maria Tsekoura, Zacharias Dimitriadis, George Paras

{"title":"The Effect of a Schroth Method-Based Exercise Program, on Enhancing the In-Brace Correction on Individuals with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Alexandros Kastrinis, Konstantina Kompogianni, Evangelia Skaftourou, Evangelos Theodosopoulos, Eleni Nomikou, Maria Tsekoura, Zacharias Dimitriadis, George Paras","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_18","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_18","url":null,"abstract":"Conservative treatment with a brace has shown significant improvement in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Initial in-brace correction can serve as a predictive factor for the treatment outcome. Additionally, significant data highlight the effectiveness of Schroth exercises. There is also evidence that the combination of Schroth and Bracing can provide a better treatment outcome. The study aimed to investigate the effect of a Schroth exercise program on the initial in-brace correction and in a 6-month follow-up in-brace radiological evaluation. Fifty children aged 10-17 years, diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis were divided into two groups: a treatment group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). The treatment group used a brace combined with a specialized Schroth exercise program. The control group used only bracing. Schroth-compatible braces were used by all the participants and bracing was prescribed for 18-22 hours daily. Schroth exercise was performed twice a week under supervision and 4 times at home. For the statistical analysis, 2-way ANOVA and paired t-test were used. The statistical analysis has shown a statistically significant group * time interaction (p = 0.015). According to the findings, a significant improvement was demonstrated in in-brace correction in the intervention group over a 6-month period. This indicates the effect of Schroth exercises in enhancing in-brace correction values over time.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1487 ","pages":"163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145581595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0