Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第10页

The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Colon Cancer Mitigation: Insights into Mechanisms of Action. 乳酸菌在结肠癌缓解中的作用：对其作用机制的见解。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-24254-9_9

Mduduzi P Mokoena, Paul K Chelule, Ivy Rukasha, Xolani H Makhoba, Zukile Mbita, Ademola O Olaniran

{"title":"The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Colon Cancer Mitigation: Insights into Mechanisms of Action.","authors":"Mduduzi P Mokoena, Paul K Chelule, Ivy Rukasha, Xolani H Makhoba, Zukile Mbita, Ademola O Olaniran","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-24254-9_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-24254-9_9","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have garnered significant attention for their potential role in mitigating cancer through various mechanisms of action, such as immunoregulation. The LAB, primarily from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, contribute to gut health by maintaining microbial balance, enhancing gut barrier function, and producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Colon cancer and colorectal cancer are some of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with their incidence rising in many parts of the world. This review explores the ecology and the contributions of LAB species in maintaining the health of the human gut. We further discuss the specific mechanisms through which gut LAB may reduce the risk of colon cancer and/or colorectal cancer, including the modulation of inflammatory pathways, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, regulation of gut microbiota composition, metabolic activity, and immunomodulation. By understanding these mechanisms, we could better appreciate the potential of LAB as a preventive strategy against cancer and inform future drug strategies and dietary recommendations.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1507 ","pages":"139-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Rural Communities of Vhembe District, South Africa. 南非Vhembe区农村社区耐药结核分枝杆菌流行情况

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-24254-9_6

M S Mashilo, N T Banda, V Mavumengwana, M C Rikhotso, J P Kabue Ngandu, C J Kinnear, N Potgieter, A N Traoré

{"title":"Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Rural Communities of Vhembe District, South Africa.","authors":"M S Mashilo, N T Banda, V Mavumengwana, M C Rikhotso, J P Kabue Ngandu, C J Kinnear, N Potgieter, A N Traoré","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-24254-9_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-24254-9_6","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is still a concern for public health and health security, making TB the world's largest cause of death from a single infectious agent. This Chapter was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of DR-MTB in rural communities of South Africa. A cross-sectional study in rural Vhembe District, South Africa, recruited 175 active TB patients. Data on lifestyle behaviour, socioeconomic, and environmental characteristics were collected via a questionnaire, and samples (blood and sputum) were collected. The U-rapid blood test confirmed HIV status. DNA was extracted from sputum and tested using multiplex real-time PCR assays with Anyplex and Allplex kits to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis/nontuberculous mycobacteria, as well as DR-TB strains, respectively. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 82 years (mean = 44 ± 13.0), with the majority being males (57.1%, 100/175) and unemployed (61.1%, 107/175). The co-infections detected include NTM and HIV. The prevalence of DR-MTB was 2.3% (4/175). A 20.6% (36/175) success rate was achieved in treatment outcomes. DR-TB remains low and is effectively managed, with favourable treatment outcomes reflecting effective clinical and public health interventions. However, the high prevalence of emerging NTM and HIV infections may compromise these gains, posing a potential threat to sustained TB control.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1507 ","pages":"71-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mammalian Respiratory Chain Complex Assemblies and Their Links to Mitochondria Stress-Induced Human Diseases. 哺乳动物呼吸链复合体组装及其与线粒体应激诱导的人类疾病的联系。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-26629-3_11

Runyu Guo, Maojun Yang

引用次数: 0

Insect Lipid Metabolism in the Presence of Symbiotic and Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria. 昆虫在共生和致病病毒和细菌存在下的脂质代谢。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_833

Bertanne Visser, Mathilde Scheifler

引用次数: 0

Endocrine Control of Lipid Metabolism. 脂质代谢的内分泌控制。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_807

Natraj Krishnan

{"title":"Endocrine Control of Lipid Metabolism.","authors":"Natraj Krishnan","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_807","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_807","url":null,"abstract":"Lipids are essential in insects and play pleiotropic roles in energy storage, serving as a fuel for energy-driven processes such as reproduction, growth, development, locomotion, flight, starvation response, and diapause induction, maintenance, and termination. Lipids also play fundamental roles in signal transduction, hormone synthesis, forming components of the cell membrane, and thus are essential for maintenance of normal life functions. In insects, the neuroendocrine system serves as a master regulator of most life activities, including growth and development. It is thus important to pay particular attention to the regulation of lipid metabolism through the endocrine system, especially when considering the involvement of peptide hormones in the processes of lipogenesis and lipolysis. In insects, there are several lipogenic and lipolytic hormones that are involved in lipid metabolism such as insulin-like peptides (ILPs), adipokinetic hormone (AKH), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), juvenile hormone (JH), and serotonin. Other neuropeptides such as diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN), CCHamide-2, short neuropeptideF, and the cytokines Unpaired 1 and 2 may play a role in inducing lipogenesis. On the other hand, neuropeptides such as neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A, corazonin, leukokinin, tachykinins, limostatins, and insulin-like growth factor (ILP6) stimulate lipolysis. This chapter briefly discusses the current knowledge of the endocrine regulation of lipid metabolism in insects that could be utilized to reveal differences between insects and mammalian lipid metabolism which may help understand human diseases associated with dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Physiological similarities of insects to mammals make them valuable model systems for studying human diseases characterized by disrupted lipid metabolism, including conditions like diabetes, obesity, arteriosclerosis, and various metabolic syndromes.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1494 ","pages":"201-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cerebral Edema Depends on the Results of Large Vascular Occlusion Reperfusion Therapy. 脑水肿取决于大血管闭塞再灌注治疗的结果。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_27

Alex O Trofimov, Ekaterina Volkova, Edwin M Nemoto, Olga A Bragina, Denis E Bragin

{"title":"Cerebral Edema Depends on the Results of Large Vascular Occlusion Reperfusion Therapy.","authors":"Alex O Trofimov, Ekaterina Volkova, Edwin M Nemoto, Olga A Bragina, Denis E Bragin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_27","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_27","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to quantify the effect of endovascular therapy (EVT) results of large-vessel occlusion (LVO) on brain tissue hydration, assessed by net water uptake (NWU).Materials and methods: Ninety-three patients with EVT of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to acute LVO (men-44, women-49, median age 68.7) were included in this retrospective, non-randomized, single-center study. EVT was performed under general anesthesia with approved devices, including a stent retriever and aspiration catheters. Net water uptake (NWU) in ischemic zones was evaluated using non-contrasted computed tomography (CT). NWU was calculated using the well-known formula in the symmetrical zone of the brain, in admission and follow-up non-contrasted CT scans, 24 h after EVT.Results: Fifty-seven patients had successful arterial recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale [TICI] 2b-3), while 36 patients had persistent or recurrent acute LVO (TICI 0-2a). The NWU median at admission was 3.4% in patients with successful EVT and 5.1% in patients with unsuccessful EVT (p < 0.05). The follow-up NWU median was 7.2% after successful EVT and 12.8% in patients with persistent/recurrent acute LVO (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Successful arterial recanalization at AIS due to LVO (TICI 2b -3) led to a significant reduction in brain edema progression in cerebral ischemic foci.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1498 ","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Portable Broadband Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Device for In Vivo Oxygenation and Metabolism Measurements. 一种用于体内氧合和代谢测量的便携式宽带近红外光谱装置。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_7

Musa Talati, Frédéric Lange, Dimitrios Airantzis, Danial Chitnis, Temisan Ilukwe, Darshana Gopal, Paola Pinti, Niccole Ranaei-Zamani, Olayinka Kowobari, Sarah Johnson, Olivia Newth, Sara Hillman, Dimitrios Siassakos, Anna L David, Subhabrata Mitra, Ilias Tachtsidis

{"title":"A Portable Broadband Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Device for In Vivo Oxygenation and Metabolism Measurements.","authors":"Musa Talati, Frédéric Lange, Dimitrios Airantzis, Danial Chitnis, Temisan Ilukwe, Darshana Gopal, Paola Pinti, Niccole Ranaei-Zamani, Olayinka Kowobari, Sarah Johnson, Olivia Newth, Sara Hillman, Dimitrios Siassakos, Anna L David, Subhabrata Mitra, Ilias Tachtsidis","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_7","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband NIRS (bNIRS) is an extension of fNIRS that provides the same assessment of oxygenation biomarkers along with a valuable marker for oxygen metabolism at a cellular level, the oxidation state of cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO). bNIRS implements many (100s) wavelengths in the NIR spectrum to address this and provide insight into tissue energetics. To supply these many wavelengths of light, broadband sources are required, and spectrometers are employed to distinguish power per wavelength. Current multi-channel bNIRS instruments are bulky and only semi-portable due to technological limitations. We propose a design for a bNIRS device that has been miniaturised to allow for portable use. This design leverages the innovations in photonic devices that have created a new line of SMD-type micro-spectrometers and broadband NIR high-power LEDs. This first-of-its-kind device, referred to as microCYRIL (after its two predecessors CYRIL and miniCYRIL), has been developed for oxygenation and metabolism measurements with dual channel operation. To validate functionality, concentration changes in oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated (HHb) haemoglobin and oxCCO were successfully tracked during a cuff-induced brachial arterial occlusion.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1498 ","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erythrocytes as Active Regulators of Blood Flow: A Brief Overview. 红细胞作为血流的积极调节剂：简要概述。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_15

Felix Scholkmann, Martin Wolf, Ursula Wolf

引用次数: 0

Unravelling the Connection Between Reduced Mobility and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Pain Patients Through Cluster Analysis. 通过聚类分析揭示慢性疼痛患者活动能力降低与轻度认知障碍之间的联系。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_24

Masamichi Moriya, Masaki Kitahara, Kenji Karako, Kaoru Sakatani

{"title":"Unravelling the Connection Between Reduced Mobility and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Pain Patients Through Cluster Analysis.","authors":"Masamichi Moriya, Masaki Kitahara, Kenji Karako, Kaoru Sakatani","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_24","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-10389-5_24","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive impairment has been closely associated with systemic metabolic disorders, such as oxygen and energy metabolism disorders. We used deep learning to estimate the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in outpatients with pain (pain group) and those without pain (non-pain control group) from general blood test data reflecting systemic metabolic disorders. Univariate analysis was performed on blood test data from both groups to calculate the estimated Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Additionally, principal component analysis was conducted on data obtained from eight assessment batteries, comprising 12 items commonly used by Japanese pain treatment institutions. Cluster analysis was also performed using Ward's method on seven components with cumulative proportions exceeding 90%. Our results showed that patients suffering from pain had significantly lower estimated MMSE scores than controls, despite no significant age differences. Patients suffering from pain had significantly higher white blood cell, triglyceride, glucose, and potassium values and significantly lower red blood cell, hemoglobin (Hgb), and uric acid values. Notably, Hgb values were significantly lower only in men, with no significant differences in women. Cluster analysis of the assessment battery data revealed five distinct clusters (Euclidean distance: 10.14%). The average MMSE score of the cluster with an extremely low value for the first component was 27.1, whereas the scores for the other clusters fell below the MCI cutoff. The first component primarily reflects mobility, suggesting that patients suffering from pain with reduced mobility are at increased risk of mild dementia. This finding indicates that impaired mobility due to pain can promote systemic metabolic disorders, subsequently increasing the risk of MCI.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1498 ","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potential Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Wild Animals' Reproduction. 细胞外囊泡在野生动物生殖中的潜在作用。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87707-0_7

Islam M Saadeldin, Seif Ehab, Abdullah M Assiri

{"title":"The Potential Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Wild Animals' Reproduction.","authors":"Islam M Saadeldin, Seif Ehab, Abdullah M Assiri","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87707-0_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-87707-0_7","url":null,"abstract":"Wild animals exhibit diverse reproductive processes crucial for species survival, and recent research has unveiled the integral role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in orchestrating various aspects of their reproductive survival. This chapter explores the multifaceted involvement of EVs in wild animals' reproduction, encompassing oocyte maturation, spermatogenesis, sperm cryopreservation, preimplantation embryo development, embryo implantation, and the transmission of EVs from male to female. EVs play a pivotal role in oocyte maturation, influencing crucial molecular environments for successful fertilization. Furthermore, the intersection of EVs and spermatogenesis sheds light on how these vesicles contribute to the intricate process of sperm development. Additionally, we explain the impact of EVs on sperm cryopreservation, offering insights into potential advancements in assisted reproductive technologies of wild animal species. Furthermore, the involvement of EVs in preimplantation embryos elucidates their role in shaping the early stages of embryonic development. Notably, the transmission of EVs from male to female is also highlighted, revealing a potential communication channel crucial for successful reproduction. The impact of EVs on improving assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes is also explained, showcasing their potential as a tool for enhancing fertility treatments. Additionally, the role of EVs in infertility is explored, providing valuable insights into potential diagnostic and therapeutic avenues. Overall, this chapter underscores the intricate interplay between EVs and various facets of wild animals' reproductive biology. The future implications of understanding EVs in wild animals' reproduction emphasize the need for continued research and innovation in this field.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"16 ","pages":"209-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0