An Emerging Role for Gut-Brain Signaling Involving Ghrelin in Chronic Stress.

4区 医学 Q2 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Alexis A Salcido, Neftali F Reyes, Andrea Y Macias, Serina A Batson, Dirk W Beck, Alexander Friedman, Ki A Goosens
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Our internal and external environments are not stable; these ever-changing contexts produce stress on bodily systems. In response, the body recruits numerous peripheral hormones to bring those systems back within a desired homeostatic range. When our environments change in extreme ways and for prolonged periods of time, a different set of hormonal stress responses are recruited. These chronic stress responses produce adaptive changes but can also drive maladaptation. This chapter begins by reviewing the peripheral hormones that are recruited as part of the acute stress response and describing their adaptive impact on brain and peripheral function. We then examine new research describing the role of ghrelin, a hormone produced by the gut, in chronic stress. We review the role of ghrelin in hunger and consider how energy deficiency, a state shared by both hunger and stress, might explain why ghrelin is elevated by both. We consider how the unique recruitment of ghrelin during chronic stress mediates responses in the brain that can help an organism respond to future stressors, but also how chronic elevation of ghrelin can produce additional adaptations that contribute to stress-sensitive psychiatric disorders. Lastly, we identify important future areas for research on the biology of ghrelin.

肠-脑信号在慢性应激中的新作用。
我们的内外环境不稳定;这些不断变化的环境对身体系统产生压力。作为回应,身体会招募大量的外周激素,将这些系统恢复到理想的体内平衡范围内。当我们的环境以极端的方式和长时间的变化时,一组不同的激素应激反应被招募。这些慢性应激反应产生适应性变化,但也会导致不适应。本章首先回顾作为急性应激反应一部分的外周激素,并描述它们对大脑和外周功能的适应性影响。然后,我们检查了描述胃饥饿素(一种由肠道产生的激素)在慢性压力中的作用的新研究。我们回顾了胃饥饿素在饥饿中的作用,并考虑了能量缺乏(饥饿和压力共同存在的一种状态)如何解释胃饥饿素在饥饿和压力共同作用下升高的原因。我们考虑在慢性应激过程中胃饥饿素的独特募集如何介导大脑中的反应,从而帮助生物体对未来的压力源做出反应,以及胃饥饿素的慢性升高如何产生额外的适应,从而导致压力敏感性精神疾病。最后,我们确定了未来胃饥饿素生物学研究的重要领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Advances in experimental medicine and biology
Advances in experimental medicine and biology 医学-医学:研究与实验
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
465
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology provides a platform for scientific contributions in the main disciplines of the biomedicine and the life sciences. This series publishes thematic volumes on contemporary research in the areas of microbiology, immunology, neurosciences, biochemistry, biomedical engineering, genetics, physiology, and cancer research. Covering emerging topics and techniques in basic and clinical science, it brings together clinicians and researchers from various fields.
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