Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第6页

The Oral Microbiome and Us.

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-79146-8_1

Naile Dame-Teixeira, Thuy Do, Dongmei Deng

{"title":"The Oral Microbiome and Us.","authors":"Naile Dame-Teixeira, Thuy Do, Dongmei Deng","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-79146-8_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79146-8_1","url":null,"abstract":"Oral and systemic human health depend on the symbiotic relationship between the human host and its microbiome. As the second most diverse site of the human microbiome, the oral cavity is instrumental in symbiotic relationships, transforming nutrients and acting as the human body's initial barrier against pathogens. However, under certain conditions, the typically beneficial oral microbiome can become harmful. Systemic inflammatory diseases can send signals through the oral-gut axis, such as cytokines and host defensins, altering gene expression and, consequently, the composition of the oral microbiome. These changes can be responsible for causing oral diseases, such as periodontitis and candidiasis. Evidence of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, exacerbates oral microbiome dysbiosis. On the other hand, the oral microbiota can also influence systemic health. Inflammatory processes in the gingival structures caused by a dysbiotic oral microbiome are linked to worsen glycemic levels in diabetics, premature birth, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. The idea for this book emerged from the need to explore the multifaceted nature of this relationship in its various dimensions. We discuss multispecies characteristics from an ecological perspective, focusing on how the host affects the microbiome and vice versa. Understanding how the oral microbiome influences human health will guide tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment, which is discussed in the last section of the book. Looking ahead, predictive health and disease models will enable personalized therapies centered on restoring the healthy human microbiome.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1472 ","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ocular Tissue-Specific Amino Acid Metabolism in Gyrate Atrophy.

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_46

Artjola Puja, Jinyu Lu, Jianhai Du

引用次数: 0

Adolescent Alcohol and the Spectrum of Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging.

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12

Terrence Deak, Hannah E Burzynski, Polliana T Nunes, Stephen M Day, Lisa M Savage

{"title":"Adolescent Alcohol and the Spectrum of Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging.","authors":"Terrence Deak, Hannah E Burzynski, Polliana T Nunes, Stephen M Day, Lisa M Savage","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_12","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many changes associated with aging, inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and throughout the body likely contributes to the constellation of health-related maladies associated with aging. Genetics, lifestyle factors, and environmental experiences shape the trajectory of aging-associated inflammation, including the developmental timing, frequency, and intensity of alcohol consumption. This chapter posits that neuroinflammatory processes form a critical link between alcohol exposure and the trajectory of healthy aging, at least in part through direct or indirect interactions with cholinergic circuits that are crucial to cognitive integrity. In this chapter, we begin with a discussion of how inflammation changes from early development through late aging; discuss the role of inflammation and alcohol in the emergence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); elaborate on critical findings on the contribution of alcohol-related thiamine deficiency to the loss of cholinergic function and subsequent development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS); and present emerging findings at the intersection of alcohol and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). In doing so, our analysis points toward inflammation-mediated compromise of basal forebrain cholinergic function as a key culprit in cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic alcohol exposure, effects that may be rescuable through either pharmacological or behavioral approaches. Furthermore, our chapter reveals an interesting dichotomy in the effects of alcohol on neuropathological markers of ADRD that depend upon both biological sex and genetic vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1473 ","pages":"257-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hormone Signaling in Breast Development and Cancer. 乳腺发育和癌症中的激素信号。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_15

Andrea Agnoletto, Cathrin Brisken

{"title":"Hormone Signaling in Breast Development and Cancer.","authors":"Andrea Agnoletto, Cathrin Brisken","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_15","url":null,"abstract":"Hormones control normal breast development and function. They also impinge on breast cancer (BC) development and disease progression in direct and indirect ways. The major ovarian hormones, estrogens and progesterone, have long been established as key regulators of mammary gland development in rodents and linked to human disease. However, their roles have been difficult to disentangle because they act on multiple tissues and can act directly and indirectly on different cell types in the breast, and their receptors interact at different levels within the target cell. Estrogens are well-recognized drivers of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers, and the ER is successfully targeted in ER+ disease. The role of progesterone receptor (PR) as a potential target to be activated or inhibited is debated, and androgen receptor (AR) signaling has emerged as a potentially interesting pathway to target on the stage.In this chapter, we discuss hormone signaling in normal breast development and in cancer, with a specific focus on the key sex hormones: estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. We will highlight the complexities of endocrine control mechanisms at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. As we delve into the mechanisms of action of hormone receptors, their interplay and their context-dependent roles in breast cancer will be discussed. Drawing insights from new preclinical models, we will describe the lessons learned and the current challenges in understanding hormone action in breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1464 ","pages":"279-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Microenvironment in DCIS and Its Role in Disease Progression. DCIS的微环境及其在疾病进展中的作用。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_12

Mohammad Reza Roozitalab, Niki Prekete, Michael Allen, Richard P Grose, J Louise Jones

{"title":"The Microenvironment in DCIS and Its Role in Disease Progression.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Roozitalab, Niki Prekete, Michael Allen, Richard P Grose, J Louise Jones","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_12","url":null,"abstract":"Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for ~20% of all breast cancer diagnoses but whilst known to be a precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC), evidence suggests only one in six patients will ever progress. A key challenge is to distinguish between those lesions that will progress and those that will remain indolent. Molecular analyses of neoplastic epithelial cells have not identified consistent differences between lesions that progressed and those that did not, and this has focused attention on the tumour microenvironment (ME).The DCIS ME is unique, complex and dynamic. Myoepithelial cells form the wall of the ductal-lobular tree and exhibit broad tumour suppressor functions. However, in DCIS they acquire phenotypic changes that bestow them with tumour promoter properties, an important evolution since they act as the primary barrier for invasion. Changes in the peri-ductal stromal environment also arise in DCIS, including transformation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs orchestrate other changes in the stroma, including the physical structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through altered protein synthesis, as well as release of a plethora of factors including proteases, cytokines and chemokines that remodel the ECM. CAFs can also modulate the immune ME as well as impact on tumour cell signalling pathways. The heterogeneity of CAFs, including recognition of anti-tumourigenic populations, is becoming evident, as well as heterogeneity of immune cells and the interplay between these and the adipocyte and vascular compartments. Knowledge of the impact of these changes is more advanced in IBC but evidence is starting to accumulate for a role in DCIS. Detailed in vitro, in vivo and tissue studies focusing on the interplay between DCIS epithelial cells and the ME should help to define features that can better predict DCIS behaviour.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1464 ","pages":"211-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RANK/RANKL Signaling Pathway in Breast Development and Cancer. RANK/RANKL信号通路在乳腺发育和肿瘤中的作用

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_16

Gema Pérez-Chacón, Patricia G Santamaría, Jaime Redondo-Pedraza, Eva González-Suárez

{"title":"RANK/RANKL Signaling Pathway in Breast Development and Cancer.","authors":"Gema Pérez-Chacón, Patricia G Santamaría, Jaime Redondo-Pedraza, Eva González-Suárez","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_16","url":null,"abstract":"RANK pathway has attracted increasing interest as a promising target in breast cancer, given the availability of denosumab, an anti-RANKL drug. RANK signaling mediates progesterone-driven regulation of mammary gland development and favors breast cancer initiation by controlling mammary cell proliferation and stem cell fate. RANK activation promotes luminal mammary epithelial cell senescence, acting as an initial barrier to tumorigenesis but ultimately facilitating tumor progression and metastasis. Comprehensive analyses have demonstrated that RANK protein expression is an independent biomarker of poor prognosis in postmenopausal and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients. RANK pathway also has multiple roles in immunity and inflammation, regulating innate and adaptive responses. In the tumor microenvironment, RANK and RANKL are expressed by different immune cell populations and contribute to the regulation of tumor immune surveillance, mainly driving immunosuppressive effects.Herein, we discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of targeting RANK signaling in breast cancer given its tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic effects. RANKL inhibition has been shown to induce mammary tumor cell differentiation and an antitumor immune response. Moreover, loss of RANK signaling increases sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy, targeted therapies such as HER2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors, and immunotherapy. Finally, we describe clinical trials of denosumab for breast cancer prevention, such as those ongoing in women with high risk of developing breast cancer, large phase III clinical trials where the impact of adjuvant denosumab on disease-free survival has been assessed, and window trials to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of denosumab in breast cancer and other solid tumors.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1464 ","pages":"309-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classifying Mouse RPE Morphometric Heterogeneity Using REShAPE: An AI-Based Image Analysis Tool. 使用 REShAPE 对小鼠 RPE 形态异质性进行分类：基于人工智能的图像分析工具

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_65

Davide Ortolan, Dominik Reichert, Huirong Li, Dylan Walmsley, Ruchi Sharma, Kapil Bharti

引用次数: 0

The Power of Zebrafish in Disease Modeling and Therapy Discovery for Inherited Retinal Degeneration. 斑马鱼在遗传性视网膜变性的疾病建模和疗法探索中的作用。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_38

Huanhuan Xiao, Randi Marshall, Meera T Saxena, Liyun Zhang

引用次数: 0

Loss of Usher II Proteins in Mice Does Not Affect Photoreceptor Ultrastructure.

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_29

Tylor R Lewis, Sebastien Phan, Carson M Castillo, Keun-Young Kim, Mark H Ellisman, Vadim Y Arshavsky

{"title":"Loss of Usher II Proteins in Mice Does Not Affect Photoreceptor Ultrastructure.","authors":"Tylor R Lewis, Sebastien Phan, Carson M Castillo, Keun-Young Kim, Mark H Ellisman, Vadim Y Arshavsky","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_29","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_29","url":null,"abstract":"Usher syndrome is characterized by both vision and hearing loss. Mutations in three genes, USH2A, ADGRV1, and WHRN, lead to Usher syndrome Type II, in which the onset of vision loss usually takes place after puberty. Mouse models of Usher syndrome Type II have an incredibly mild retinal phenotype that typically begins after ~1-2 years of age and, therefore, do not fully represent the pathology in human patients. Both USH2A (also known as Usherin) and ADGRV1 (also known as USH2C or GPR98) are transmembrane proteins containing large extracellular domains. In this study, we questioned whether the relatively mild phenotype of USH2A and ADGRV1 mutant mouse models may arise from a functional redundancy between these two proteins. We generated a double knockout (Ush2a-/-; Adgrv1-/-) mouse and analyzed its retinal ultrastructure. We found no notable morphological defects in photoreceptor inner segments, connecting the cilia and outer segments of these mice at 1 month of age. These data indicate that functional redundancy between USH2A and ADGRV1 does not underlie the mild and late-onset retinal pathology observed in mice as compared to the aggressive nature of vision loss observed in corresponding human patients.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1468 ","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interplay of Retinal and Choroidal Vasculatures in Ocular Health and Disease. 视网膜和脉络膜血管在眼部健康和疾病中的相互作用。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_75

Albert L Gonzales, Alexa Paikai, David Maeng

引用次数: 0