Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第2页

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_823

René Lafont, Laurence Dinan

{"title":"Insect Sterols and Steroids.","authors":"René Lafont, Laurence Dinan","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_823","url":null,"abstract":"Insects are incapable of biosynthesising sterols de novo so they need to obtain them from their diets or, in certain cases, from symbiotic microorganisms. Sterols serve a structural role in cellular membranes and act as precursors for signalling molecules and defence compounds. Many phytophagous insects dealkylate phytosterols to yield primarily cholesterol, which is also the main sterol that carnivorous and omnivorous insects obtain in their diets. Some phytophagous species have secondarily lost the capacity to dealkylate and consequently use phytosterols for structural and functional roles. The polyhydroxylated steroid hormones of insects, the ecdysteroids, are derived from cholesterol (or phytosterols in non-dealkylating phytophagous species) and regulate many crucial aspects of insect development and reproduction by means of precisely regulated titres resulting from controlled synthesis, storage and further metabolism/excretion. Ecdysteroids differ significantly from vertebrate steroid hormones in their chemical, biochemical and biological properties. Defensive steroids (cardenolides, bufadienolides, cucurbitacins and ecdysteroids) can be accumulated from host plants or biosynthesised within the insect, depending on species, stored in significant amounts in the insect and released when it is attacked. Other allelochemical steroids serve as pheromones. Vertebrate-type steroids have also been conclusively identified from insect sources, but debate continues about their significance. Side chain dealkylation of phytosterols, ecdysteroid metabolism and ecdysteroid mode of action are targets of potential insect control strategies.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of RNA Methylation on Cancerous Cells: A Prospective Approach for Alteration of In Vivo Cellular Composition. RNA 甲基化对癌细胞的影响：改变体内细胞组成的前瞻性方法

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_820

Manali Rupareliya, Pravin Shende

{"title":"Influence of RNA Methylation on Cancerous Cells: A Prospective Approach for Alteration of In Vivo Cellular Composition.","authors":"Manali Rupareliya, Pravin Shende","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_820","url":null,"abstract":"RNA methylation is a dynamic and ubiquitous post-transcriptional modification that plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression in various conditions like cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. RNA methylation manifests across diverse RNA species including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA), exerting pivotal roles in gene expression regulation and various biological phenomena. Aberrant activity of writer, eraser, and reader proteins enables dysregulated methylation landscape across diverse malignancy transcriptomes, frequently promoting cancer pathogenesis. Numerous oncogenic drivers, tumour suppressors, invasion/metastasis factors, and signalling cascade components undergo methylation changes that modulate respective mRNA stability, translation, splicing, transport, and protein-RNA interactions accordingly. Functional studies confirm methylation-dependent alterations drive proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, stemness, metabolism, and therapeutic evasion programs systemically. Methyltransferase overexpression typifies certain breast, liver, gastric, and other carcinomas correlating with adverse clinical outcomes like diminished overall survival. Mapping efforts uncover nodal transcripts for targeted drug development against hyperactivated regulators including METTL3. Some erasers and readers also suitable lead candidates based on apparent synthetic lethality. Proteomic screens additionally highlight relevant methylation-sensitive effector pathways amenable to combinatorial blockade, reversing compensatory signalling mechanisms that facilitate solid tumour progression. Quantifying global methylation burdens and responsible enzymes clinically predicts patient prognosis, risk stratification for adjuvant therapy, and overall therapeutic responsiveness.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atrophic Macular Degeneration and Stem Cell Therapy: A Clinical Review. 萎缩性黄斑变性与干细胞疗法：临床回顾。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_819

Silvia Babighian, Maria Sole Zanella, Irene Gattazzo, Alessandro Galan, Caterina Gagliano, Fabiana D'Esposito, Marco Zeppieri

引用次数: 0

Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Carbohydrate Metabolism. 脂质代谢与碳水化合物代谢的关系。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_821

Perla Akiki, Pierre Delamotte, Jacques Montagne

引用次数: 0

Anatomy, Histology, and Embryonic Origin of Adipose Tissue: Insights to Understand Adipose Tissue Homofunctionality in Regeneration and Therapies. 脂肪组织的解剖学、组织学和胚胎起源：深入了解脂肪组织在再生和治疗中的同功能性。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_801

Francesco De Francesco, Andrea Sbarbati, Lindsey Alejandra Quintero Sierra, Nicola Zingaretti, Zahra Sarmadian, Pier Camillo Parodi, Giulia Ricci, Michele Riccio, Ali Mobasheri

{"title":"Anatomy, Histology, and Embryonic Origin of Adipose Tissue: Insights to Understand Adipose Tissue Homofunctionality in Regeneration and Therapies.","authors":"Francesco De Francesco, Andrea Sbarbati, Lindsey Alejandra Quintero Sierra, Nicola Zingaretti, Zahra Sarmadian, Pier Camillo Parodi, Giulia Ricci, Michele Riccio, Ali Mobasheri","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_801","url":null,"abstract":"Preadipocytes are formed during the 14th and 16th weeks of gestation. White adipose tissue, in particular, is generated in specific areas and thereby assembles after birth, rapidly increasing following the propagation of adipoblasts, which are considered the preadipocyte cell precursors. The second trimester of gestation is a fundamental phase of adipogenesis, and in the third trimester, adipocytes, albeit small may be present within the main deposition areas. In the course of late gestation, adipose tissue develops in the foetus and promotes the synthesis of large amounts of uncoupling protein 1, in similar quantities relative to differentiated brown adipose tissue. In mammals, differentiation occurs in two functionally different types of adipose cells: white adipose cells resulting from lipid storage and brown adipose cells from increased metabolic energy consumption. During skeletogenesis, synovial joints develop through the condensation of mesenchymal cells, which forms an insertional layer of flattened cells that umlaut skeletal elements, by sharing the same origin in the development of synovium. Peri-articular fat pads possess structural similarity with body subcutaneous white adipose tissue; however, they exhibit a distinct metabolic function due to the micro-environmental cues in which they are embedded. Fat pads are an important component of the synovial joint and play a key role in the maintenance of joint homeostasis. They are also implicated in pathological states such as osteoarthritis.In this paper we explore the therapeutic potential of adipocyte tissue mesenchymal precursor-based stem cell therapy linking it back to the anatomic origin of adipose tissue.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_818

Ferit Bayram, Sabire Senem Kilic, Volkan Aydin, Ahmet Akici, Korkut Ulucan, Tunc Akkoc

{"title":"Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Bibliometric Analysis from 2003 to 2023.","authors":"Ferit Bayram, Sabire Senem Kilic, Volkan Aydin, Ahmet Akici, Korkut Ulucan, Tunc Akkoc","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_818","url":null,"abstract":"Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious condition associated with the use of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications. Despite extensive research, the pathophysiology of MRONJ remains poorly understood. Bibliometric analysis provides insights into the academic impact of research, helping identify influential works and emerging trends in this field. This study employed a bibliometric analysis of MRONJ publications indexed in Web of Science from 2003 to 2023. The analysis included English-language articles and utilized the VOSviewer, R Studio Bibliometrix package, and Graphpad to evaluate citation counts, publication trends, and collaboration patterns. This study unveils the current situation of the MRONJ research, addressing well-recognized safety issues of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents. Our findings may suggest that the overall trend of the MRONJ research continues to evolve and is not likely to reach its peak or plateau yet. We believe that our work will help to identify gaps in the literature and future research directions, contributing to a better understanding of MRONJ management.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D-Bioprinted Skin Tissues for Improving Wound Healing: Current Status and Perspective. 用于改善伤口愈合的三维生物打印皮肤组织：现状与展望。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_817

Nikita Gopakumar, Abdulla M Ali, Sumayah Oudda, Amarnath Singam, Seungman Park

引用次数: 0

Muscle Organoid and Assembloid Systems. 肌肉类器官和类器官系统

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_816

Hazar Eren Soydan, Ayşegül Doğan

{"title":"Muscle Organoid and Assembloid Systems.","authors":"Hazar Eren Soydan, Ayşegül Doğan","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_816","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscle is one of the most complex and largest tissues that perform important processes in the body, including performing voluntary movements and maintaining body temperature. Disruption of muscle homeostasis results in the development of several disorders, including diabetes and sarcopenia. To study the developmental and regenerative dynamics of skeletal muscle and the mechanism behind muscle diseases, it is important to model skeletal muscle and diseases in vitro. Since skeletal muscle has a complex structure and interaction with other tissues and cells that are required to perform their function, conventional 2D cultures are not sufficient to model the skeletal muscle with their interactions. Advances in the field of organoids and assembloids will enable the establishment of more complex and realistic tissue or disease models which cannot be fully recapitulated in conventional 2D culture systems for use in several areas, including disease research, regenerative, and tissue biology. To overcome these limitations, 3D organoid systems and assembloid systems are promising because of their success in recapitulating the complex structural organization, function, and cellular interactions of skeletal muscle.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and Parasitized Hosts. 寄生虫和寄生宿主的脂质代谢

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_812

Mathilde Scheifler, Léonore Wilhelm, Bertanne Visser

{"title":"Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and Parasitized Hosts.","authors":"Mathilde Scheifler, Léonore Wilhelm, Bertanne Visser","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_812","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitoids have an exceptional lifestyle where juvenile development is spent on or in a single host insect, but the adults are free-living. Unlike parasites, parasitoids kill the host. How parasitoids use such a limiting resource, particularly lipids, can affect chances to survive and reproduce. In part 1, we describe the parasitoid lifestyle, including typical developmental strategies. Lipid metabolism in parasitoids has been of interest to researchers since the 1960s and continues to fascinate ecologists, evolutionists, physiologists, and entomologists alike. One reason of this interest is that the majority of parasitoids do not accumulate triacylglycerols as adults. Early research revealed that some parasitoid larvae mimic the fatty acid composition of the host, which may result from a lack of de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. More recent work has focused on the evolution of lack of adult triacylglycerol accumulation and consequences for life history traits. In part 2 of this chapter, we discuss research efforts on lipid metabolism in parasitoids from the 1960s onwards. Parasitoids are also master manipulators of host physiology, including lipid metabolism, having evolved a range of mechanisms to affect the release, synthesis, transport, and take-up of lipids from the host. We lay out the effects of parasitism on host physiology in part 3 of this chapter.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipid Metabolism in Insect Vectors of Diseases. 昆虫病媒的脂质代谢。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_811

Juan R Girotti, Gustavo M Calderón-Fernández

{"title":"Lipid Metabolism in Insect Vectors of Diseases.","authors":"Juan R Girotti, Gustavo M Calderón-Fernández","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_811","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases, causing more than 700,000 deaths annually. Vectors are organisms that are able to transmit infectious pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans. Many of these vectors are hematophagous insects, which ingest the pathogen from an infected host during a blood meal, and later transmit it into a new host. Malaria, dengue, African trypanosomiasis, yellow fever, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and many others are examples of diseases transmitted by insects.Both the diet and the infection with pathogens trigger changes in many metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, compared to other insects. Blood contains mostly proteins and is very poor in lipids and carbohydrates. Thus, hematophagous insects attempt to efficiently digest and absorb diet lipids and also rely on a large de novo lipid biosynthesis based on utilization of proteins and carbohydrates as carbon source. Blood meal triggers essential physiological processes as molting, excretion, and oogenesis; therefore, lipid metabolism and utilization of lipid storage should be finely synchronized and regulated regarding that, in order to provide the necessary energy source for these events. Also, pathogens have evolved mechanisms to hijack essential lipids from the insect host by interfering in the biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport of lipids, which pose challenges to reproduction, survival, fitness, and other insect traits.In this chapter, we have tried to collect and highlight the current knowledge and recent discoveries on the metabolism of lipids in insect vectors of diseases related to the hematophagous diet and pathogen infection.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0