Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献

{"title":"Cell Communication in Endometrium: Understanding and Improving Endometrial Biomarkers.","authors":"Jeevitaa Kshersagar, Mrunal N Damle, Rakesh Sharma, Meghnad G Joshi","doi":"10.1007/5584_2025_867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2025_867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometrial remodeling is a unique sequence of factors that make it receptive to implantation. Despite extensive research on several molecular components that characterize endometrial receptivity, implantation failures occur in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Therefore, implantation failure remains the \"final frontier\" of infertility. The great interest is explained by the desire to find out the etiology of implantation failure. The endometrium undergoes changes to regulate paracellular permeability across the epithelium. These transformations are associated with and regulated by associated junctional protein complexes. These multiple factors of tight junctions (TJ), adherent junctions (AJ), and gap junctions (GJ) control communication between the endometrium during implantation, highlighting how molecular architectures and interactions can regulate receptivity. In our previous study, we quantified the expression of zona occludin-1 (ZO-1), E-cadherin (E-cad), claudin-1 (Cla-1), and vascular angiogenic precursor (VAP) by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. An overview of the current knowledge of protein expression in the endometrium during the pretreatment implantation window is provided. It then explains how protein molecules or cell-cell compounds help counteract endometrial events. A deeper understanding of the connecting molecules will be the basis for new strategies that advance implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Calcium Homeostasis.","authors":"Umut Toprak","doi":"10.1007/5584_2025_875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2025_875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium (Ca²⁺) homeostasis is a critical regulator of insect cellular functions, influencing neurotransmission, muscle contraction, hormone signaling, and lipid metabolism. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between Ca²⁺ signaling and lipid metabolism, emphasizing key molecular components that mediate this interaction. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mechanisms, involving sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP₃R), ryanodine receptor (RyR), stromal interaction molecule (STIM), and Orai1, coordinate intracellular Ca²⁺ fluxes that regulate lipid storage, mobilization, and utilization. Other Ca²⁺-binding proteins, such as calmodulin (CaM), calcineurin (CaN), regucalcin (RgN), calreticulin (CrT), and calnexin (CnX), further modulate Ca²⁺ homeostasis and impact lipid metabolism by influencing lipolysis, lipogenesis, and lipid droplet dynamics. This chapter also highlights the role of hepatocyte-like oenocytes in lipid metabolism. These cells, analogous to mammalian hepatocytes, regulate lipid processing and mobilization during fasting, forming a metabolic axis with fat body adipocytes. While Ca²⁺ signaling is well characterized in adipocytes, its role in oenocyte lipid metabolism remains largely unexplored. However, Ca²⁺-dependent regulation of lipid metabolism in mammalian hepatocytes suggests a similar involvement in insect oenocytes. A central theme is the bidirectional relationship between Ca²⁺ homeostasis and lipid metabolism. While Ca²⁺ signaling regulates lipid accumulation and hydrolysis, impaired lipid metabolism can disrupt Ca²⁺ homeostasis. For instance, Drosophila melanogaster seipin mutants with defective lipid storage exhibit reduced SERCA activity, leading to lower ER and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ levels, which impair lipogenesis. Additionally, CaN promotes lipogenesis, whereas STIM and IP₃R serve as lipolytic regulators. This metabolic feedback loop is essential for maintaining energy balance. Understanding the Ca²⁺-lipid interplay in insects provides insights into metabolic regulation, with implications for pest management and metabolic disease research. Future studies should further investigate Ca²⁺-dependent mechanisms governing oenocyte function and systemic lipid homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining GVHD Prophylaxis: The Expanding Horizon of Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide.","authors":"Taner Tan, Zehra Narlı Özdemir, Sinem Civriz Bozdağ","doi":"10.1007/5584_2025_873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2025_873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) represents a paradigm shift in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As a high-dose, posttransplant immunomodulatory agent, PTCy offers a unique mechanism to facilitate graft tolerance, mitigate GVHD, and preserve graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. The beneficial effects of PTCy on GVHD appears to be independent of donor type, graft source, or conditioning regimen intensity. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying PTCy and its clinical applications in haploidentical, HLA-matched, and -mismatched HSCT, highlighting its transformative impact in transplantation medicine. PTCy is emerging as a new standard GVHD prophylaxis for all HSCT settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Clinical Implications of 3D Printing for Osteochondral Regeneration.","authors":"Gozde Enguven, Aysegul Tiryaki, Ayse Ceren Calikoglu Koyuncu, Oguzhan Gunduz","doi":"10.1007/5584_2025_864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2025_864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteochondral (OC) diseases, which usually occur as a result of the sedentary life brought by today's conditions, lead to a painful and uncomfortable life, especially in later ages. Although there are many non-invasive and invasive methods for the elimination of osteochondral damage, none of them provide full recovery. For this reason, approaches that include advanced tissue engineering techniques are being put forward for the permanent treatment of damage by mimicking the natural tissue architecture. This chapter highlights preclinical and clinical advancements in OC tissue regeneration mainly focused on 3D printing. First, the cellular structure and composition of OC tissue are explained. Next, current strategies for the fabrication of 3D-printed scaffold OC tissue are discussed. Finally, the clinical applications of 3D-printed scaffolds are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Enhancing Bone Marrow Transplantation Efficacy in Cancer.","authors":"Babak Arjmand, Fatemeh Shahrahmani, Alieh Mirzaei, Arian Emamifar, Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam","doi":"10.1007/5584_2025_870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2025_870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone marrow transplantation is an important therapeutic modality in the treatment of hematological malignancies and other hematological diseases. It is typically marred by complications like graft-versus-host disease, engraftment failure of donor cells, and recurrence of the original disease. Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression and cellular function. Current advances in epigenetics studies have heightened the expectation that they have the potential to enhance the efficacy of transplantation by regulating immune response, improving donor cell engraftment, and manipulating the tumor microenvironment. The current chapter discusses the implication of epigenetic modification for the solution of the issues in bone marrow transplantation, with a special focus on how they can impact graft-versus-host disease, hematopoietic reconstitution, and relapse of cancer. By integrating epigenetic therapies and biomarkers into transplant regimens, the possibility exists to improve patient outcomes and advance personalized medicine in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Properties and Metabolism in Response to Cold.","authors":"Thomas Enriquez, Nicholas M Teets","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperature directly shapes insect physiology and has a preponderant effect on life history traits. Winter conditions in temperate and polar regions are especially challenging for insects. Extremely low temperatures can indeed compromise insect survival by promoting freezing of body fluids, but mild cold temperatures above 0 °C (i.e., chilling) can also lead to complex and severe physiological dysregulations. Among physiological damages due to freezing and chilling, insect lipids are one of the primary targets. As low temperatures tend to rigidify phospholipid bilayers, membrane functions are compromised in the cold. Lipid rigidification due to cold also decreases the accessibility of fat stores for metabolic enzymes, and therefore their availability for basal metabolism. These deleterious effects, combined with low food availability in winter, result in substantial nutritional challenges for overwintering insects. Consequently, lipid modifications such as homeoviscous adaptation of cell membranes, fluidity maintenance of fat reserves, cuticular lipid accumulation, and production of antifreeze glycolipids are essential components of the physiological response to cold stress. The aim of the present chapter is to present the physiological challenges caused by low temperatures, the lipid modifications linked with cold tolerance in insects, and the molecular regulation of lipid metabolism during cold exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Metabolism in Diapause.","authors":"Umut Toprak, Nicholas M Teets, Doga Cedden, Gözde Güney","doi":"10.1007/5584_2025_850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2025_850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organisms living in temperate and polar environments encounter seasonal fluctuations that entail changes in temperature, resource availability, and biotic interactions. Thus, adaptations for synchronizing the life cycle with essential resources and persisting through unfavorable conditions are critical. Diapause, a programmed period of developmental arrest and metabolic depression, is widely used by insects to survive winter and synchronize the life cycle. In some cases, insects spend over half the year (or in some cases, multiple years) in a nonfeeding diapause state. Thus, diapause is energetically challenging, and insects accumulate surplus energy stores and/or suppress metabolism to make it through the winter. As the most energy-dense, and often most abundant, energy reserve in insects, lipids play a central role in diapause energetics. In this chapter, we provide an overview of lipid metabolism in the context of diapause. First, as this is the only chapter in this book that covers diapause, we present some of the general features of diapause. We then discuss the role of lipids as an essential energy store during diapause, focusing on patterns of lipid accumulation before diapause and patterns of utilization during diapause. In the next section, we outline some other roles of lipids during diapause in addition to their role as an energy store. Finally, we end the chapter by discussing the molecular regulation of lipid metabolism in diapause, which has received increased attention in recent years.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect Flight and Lipid Metabolism: Beyond the Classic Knowledge.","authors":"Leonardo L Fruttero, Jimena Leyria, Lilián E Canavoso","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insects are the most successful animal group by various ecological and evolutionary metrics, including species count, adaptation diversity, biomass, and environmental influence. This book delves into the underlying reasons behind insects' dominance on Earth. Lipids play pivotal roles in insect biology, serving as fuel for physiological processes, signaling molecules, and structural components of biomembranes and providing waterproofing against dehydration, among other functions. The study of insect flight has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of insect metabolism, with the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) and the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) serving as prominent models. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, numerous studies shed light on the role of adipokinetic hormone (AKH), a crucial neuropeptide in lipid mobilization, to support the extraordinary energy demands of insect flight. Remarkably, AKH was the first identified peptide hormone in insects. These pioneering works linking lipids and flight laid the groundwork for subsequent research characterizing the physiological roles of other neuroendocrine factors in energy substrate mobilization across diverse insect species. However, in the omics era, one may be surprised by the limited understanding of the complex cascade of events governing lipid supply to insect flight muscles. Thus, this chapter aims to provide a concise overview of the evolutionary significance of insect flight, emphasizing key advancements that expand our classical knowledge in this field. Ultimately, we hope this chapter serves as a modest tribute to the pioneering researchers of one of the most captivating areas in insect biology, inspiring further exploration into the myriad roles of lipids in insect biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roles of Myeloid Cells in Breast Cancer Progression.","authors":"Charlotte Helena Rivas, Fengshuo Liu, Xiang H-F Zhang","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_19","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter reviews tumor-associated myeloid cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and other innate immune cells, and their multifaceted roles in supporting breast cancer progression and metastasis. In primary tumors, myeloid cells play key roles in promoting tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. They can facilitate intravasation (entry into the bloodstream) and colonization, disrupting the endothelial cell layer and reshaping the extracellular matrix. They can also stimulate angiogenesis, suppress immune cell responses, and enhance cancer cell adaptability. In the bloodstream, circulating myeloid cells enable the survival of disseminated tumor cells via immunosuppressive effects and physical shielding. At the metastatic sites, they prime the premetastatic niche, facilitate tumor cell extravasation, and support successful colonization and outgrowth. Mechanistically, myeloid cells enhance cancer cell survival, dormancy escape, proliferation, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Nonetheless, substantial gaps in our understanding persist regarding the functional and spatiotemporal diversity, as well as the evolutionary patterns, of myeloid cells during metastatic progression. Myeloid cell plasticity and differential responses to therapies present key barriers to successful treatments. Identifying specific pro-tumoral myeloid cell subpopulations and disrupting their interactions with cancer cells represent promising therapeutic opportunities. Emerging evidence suggests combining immunomodulators or stromal normalizers with conventional therapies could help overcome therapy-induced immunosuppression and improve patient outcomes. Overall, further elucidating myeloid cell heterogeneity and function throughout the process of breast cancer progression and metastasis will enable more effective therapeutic targeting of these critical stromal cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1464 ","pages":"397-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic Mammary Gland Morphogenesis.","authors":"Satu-Marja Myllymäki, Qiang Lan, Marja L Mikkola","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-70875-6_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embryonic mammary gland development unfolds with the specification of bilateral mammary lines, thereafter progressing through placode, bud, and sprout stages before branching morphogenesis. Extensive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions guide morphogenesis from embryogenesis to adulthood. Two distinct mesenchymal tissues are involved, the primary mammary mesenchyme that harbors mammary inductive capacity, and the secondary mesenchyme, the precursor of the adult stroma. Placode and bud stages are morphologically similar with other ectodermal appendages like the hair follicle, reflecting the mammary gland's assumed evolutionary origin from an ancestral hair follicle-associated glandular unit. The shared features extend to signalling cascades such as the Wnt/β-catenin, fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), and ectodysplasin (Eda) pathways, while pathways unique to mammary gland include parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) signalling and Hedgehog activity suppression. Mammary gland branching is highly non-stereotypic, achieved by the dynamic use of two distinct modes of branching: tip bifurcation and side branching and stochastic branch point formation. The cellular mechanisms driving the initial morphogenetic steps are slowly beginning to be unravelled. During placode and bud stages, mammary primordium predominantly grows through cell influx, while sprouting correlates with heightened proliferation. Branch elongation is driven by directional cell migration combined with differential cell motility and proliferation supplying the reservoir of migratory cells, whereas a bifurcating tip is associated with localized repression of the cell cycle and cell motility. Numerous similarities exist between embryonic programs and breast tumorigenesis, spanning cellular plasticity, epithelial-stromal interactions, and molecular regulators. Understanding embryonic mammogenesis may provide insights into how normal developmental processes can go awry, leading to malignancy, or how they can be reversed to prevent cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1464 ","pages":"9-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}