Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第3页

Endocrine Control of Lipid Metabolism. 脂质代谢的内分泌控制

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_807

Natraj Krishnan

{"title":"Endocrine Control of Lipid Metabolism.","authors":"Natraj Krishnan","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_807","DOIUrl":"10.1007/5584_2024_807","url":null,"abstract":"Lipids are essential in insects and play pleiotropic roles in energy storage, serving as a fuel for energy-driven processes such as reproduction, growth, development, locomotion, flight, starvation response, and diapause induction, maintenance, and termination. Lipids also play fundamental roles in signal transduction, hormone synthesis, forming components of the cell membrane, and thus are essential for maintenance of normal life functions. In insects, the neuroendocrine system serves as a master regulator of most life activities, including growth and development. It is thus important to pay particular attention to the regulation of lipid metabolism through the endocrine system, especially when considering the involvement of peptide hormones in the processes of lipogenesis and lipolysis. In insects, there are several lipogenic and lipolytic hormones that are involved in lipid metabolism such as insulin-like peptides (ILPs), adipokinetic hormone (AKH), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), juvenile hormone (JH), and serotonin. Other neuropeptides such as diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN), CCHamide-2, short neuropeptide F, and the cytokines Unpaired 1 and 2 may play a role in inducing lipogenesis. On the other hand, neuropeptides such as neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A, corazonin, leukokinin, tachykinins, limostatins, and insulin-like growth factor (ILP6) stimulate lipolysis. This chapter briefly discusses the current knowledge of the endocrine regulation of lipid metabolism in insects that could be utilized to reveal differences between insects and mammalian lipid metabolism which may help understand human diseases associated with dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Physiological similarities of insects to mammals make them valuable model systems for studying human diseases characterized by disrupted lipid metabolism, including conditions like diabetes, obesity, arteriosclerosis, and various metabolic syndromes.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Antifungal Stewardship in Invasive Fungal Infections, a Systematic Review. 更正：侵袭性真菌感染中的抗真菌管理，系统性综述》（Antifungal Stewardship in Invasive Fungal Infections, a Systematic Review）。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_800

Cataldo Procacci, Luisa Marras, Leonarda Maurmo, Grazia Vivanet, Luca Scalone, Giacomo Bertolino

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Metabolic Response of Pseudomonas putida to L-arginine. 探索假单胞菌对 L-精氨酸的代谢反应

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_797

Chiara Scribani-Rossi, María Antonia Molina-Henares, Manuel Espinosa-Urgel, Serena Rinaldo

{"title":"Exploring the Metabolic Response of Pseudomonas putida to L-arginine.","authors":"Chiara Scribani-Rossi, María Antonia Molina-Henares, Manuel Espinosa-Urgel, Serena Rinaldo","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_797","url":null,"abstract":"Beyond their role as protein-building units, amino acids are modulators of multiple behaviours in different microorganisms. In the root-colonizing beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas putida (recently proposed to be reclassified as alloputida) KT2440, current evidence suggests that arginine functions both as a metabolic indicator and as an environmental signal molecule, modulating processes such as chemotactic responses, siderophore-mediated iron uptake or the levels of the intracellular second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP). Using microcalorimetry and extracellular flux analysis, in this work we have studied the metabolic adaptation of P. putida KT2440 to the presence of L-arginine in the growth medium, and the influence of mutations related to arginine metabolism. Arginine causes rapid changes in the respiratory activity of P. putida, particularly magnified in a mutant lacking the transcriptional regulator ArgR. The metabolic activity of mutants affected in arginine transport and metabolism is also altered during biofilm formation in the presence of the amino acid. The results obtained here further support the role of arginine as a metabolic signal in P. putida and the relevance of ArgR in the adaptation to the amino acid. They also serve as proof of concept on the use of calorimetric and extracellular flux techniques to analyse metabolic responses in bacteria and the impact of different mutant backgrounds on such responses.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140011911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Natural Killer-Like B Cell-Associated Diseases. 干细胞在天然杀伤细胞样 B 细胞相关疾病中的治疗潜力。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_799

Manali Rupareliya, Pravin Shende

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Natural Killer-Like B Cell-Associated Diseases.","authors":"Manali Rupareliya, Pravin Shende","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2024_799","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells are undifferentiated cells possessing a remarkable capacity to develop into multiple cell types. NKB cells, referred to \"natural killer-like B cells,\" are recently identified subtype of B lymphocytes possessing characteristics that are similar to both natural killer (NK) cells and regular B lymphocytes. NK cells are lymphocyte-like in structure and cytotoxic in nature participating in the immediate immune response to the infected or malignant cells, whereas B lymphocytes produce antibodies and participate in adaptive immune response by binding to the specific antigen. The identification of NKB cells brings up new possibilities for studying and perhaps modulating immune responses in a variety of diseases, particularly those associated with microbial infections or inflammatory responses. Further, correlation of NKB cells with interleukins allows us to understand the molecular mechanism of diseases. Stem cell research offers a better understanding of NKB cell participation and provides new insights for novel treatment methods wherein mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have found to be the most promising stem cell showing positive outcomes in NKB cell-associated inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the perceptions acquired from researching NKB cells in diverse diseases leads to innovative treatment options, improving our capacity to control and cure immunological dysregulation-related ailments.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Algae in Biomedicine. 生物医学中的藻类。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_795

Aysegul Inam, Tulay Oncu-Oner, Irem Deniz

引用次数: 0

Antifungal Stewardship in Invasive Fungal Infections, a Systematic Review. 侵袭性真菌感染中的抗真菌管理，系统综述。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_798

Cataldo Procacci, Luisa Marras, Leonarda Maurmo, Grazia Vivanet, Luca Scalone, Giacomo Bertolino

{"title":"Antifungal Stewardship in Invasive Fungal Infections, a Systematic Review.","authors":"Cataldo Procacci, Luisa Marras, Leonarda Maurmo, Grazia Vivanet, Luca Scalone, Giacomo Bertolino","doi":"10.1007/5584_2024_798","DOIUrl":"10.1007/5584_2024_798","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a group of life-threatening diseases associated with significant morbidity, mortality and high healthcare costs. Some modern management programs known as AFS (antifungal stewardship programs) have now been developed. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the different declinations of antifungal stewardship programs (AFPs).Methods: Articles were systematically reviewed using the PRISMA checklist 2020. EMBASE and MEDLINE/PubMED were searched using the term \"antifungal stewardship\" (2012-2022 data) on 2 January 2023. Eligible studies were those that described an AFS and included an intervention, performance evaluation and outcome measures.Results: A total of 22/796 studies were included. Approximately two-thirds (16) were published between 2018 and 2022. 16 (72.7%) stated a minimal complete AFS team. 12 (54.5%) adopted a non-compulsory AFS approach, 6(27.3%) had an Educational AFS and 4(18.2%) a compulsory AFS. Cost analyses of 12 studies showed a decrease for 7 (31.8%) compared to an increase for 5 (22.7%). In terms of outcomes, 18 studies showed a lower (10;45.5%) or the same (8;36.4%) pre-post intervention mortality rate.Conclusion: AFS programs seem to be related to lower costs and better outcomes and should thus be implemented in tandem with antimicrobial stewardship programs.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Roles and Regulation of H3K4 Methylation During Mammalian Early Embryogenesis and Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. 哺乳动物早期胚胎发生和胚胎干细胞分化过程中 H3K4 甲基化的作用与调控

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_794

Nihal Terzi Cizmecioglu

引用次数: 0

Dissecting the Immune System through Gene Regulation. 通过基因调控解剖免疫系统。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_15

Hideyuki Yoshida

引用次数: 0

Extrathymic AIRE-Expressing Cells: A Historical Perspective. 胸膜外 AIRE 表达细胞：历史的视角。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_3

Dominik Filipp, Jasper Manning, Jana Petrusová

{"title":"Extrathymic AIRE-Expressing Cells: A Historical Perspective.","authors":"Dominik Filipp, Jasper Manning, Jana Petrusová","doi":"10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_3","url":null,"abstract":"Since its discovery, Aire has been the topic of numerous studies in its role as a transcriptional regulator in the thymus where it promotes the \"promiscuous\" expression of a large repertoire of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) that are normally expressed only in the immune periphery. This process occurs in specialized medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and mediates the elimination of self-reactive T cells or promotes their conversion to the Foxp3+ regulatory T cell lineage, both of which are required for the prevention of autoimmunity. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the role of extrathymic Aire expression in peripheral organs. The focus has primarily been on the identification of the cellular source(s) and mechanism(s) by which extrathymic AIRE affects tolerance-related or other physiological processes. A cadre of OMICs tools including single cell RNA sequencing and novel transgenic models to trace Aire expression to perform lineage tracing experiments have shed light on a phenomenon that is more complex than previously thought. In this chapter, we provide a deeper analysis of how extrathymic Aire research has developed and progressed, how cellular sources were identified, and how the function of AIRE was determined. Current data suggests that extrathymic AIRE fulfills a function that differs from what has been observed in the thymus and strongly argues that its main purpose is to regulate transcriptional programs in a cell content-dependent manner. Surprisingly, there is data that also suggests a non-transcriptional role of extrathymic AIRE in the cytoplasm. We have arrived at a potential turning point that will take the field from the classical understanding of AIRE as a transcription factor in control of TRA expression to its role in immunological and non-immunological processes in the periphery.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning the Autoimmune Pathogenesis Through the Study of Aire. 通过研究空气了解自身免疫发病机制

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_2

Mitsuru Matsumoto, Minoru Matsumoto

引用次数: 0