Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献

{"title":"Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and Parasitized Hosts.","authors":"Mathilde Scheifler, Léonore Wilhelm, Bertanne Visser","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_812","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasitoids have an exceptional lifestyle where juvenile development is spent on or in a single host insect, but the adults are free-living. Unlike parasites, parasitoids kill the host. How parasitoids use such a limiting resource, particularly lipids, can affect chances to survive and reproduce. In part 1, we describe the parasitoid lifestyle, including typical developmental strategies. Lipid metabolism in parasitoids has been of interest to researchers since the 1960s and continues to fascinate ecologists, evolutionists, physiologists, and entomologists alike. One reason of this interest is that the majority of parasitoids do not accumulate triacylglycerols as adults. Early research revealed that some parasitoid larvae mimic the fatty acid composition of the host, which may result from a lack of de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. More recent work has focused on the evolution of lack of adult triacylglycerol accumulation and consequences for life history traits. In part 2 of this chapter, we discuss research efforts on lipid metabolism in parasitoids from the 1960s onwards. Parasitoids are also master manipulators of host physiology, including lipid metabolism, having evolved a range of mechanisms to affect the release, synthesis, transport, and take-up of lipids from the host. We lay out the effects of parasitism on host physiology in part 3 of this chapter.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1494 ","pages":"445-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Media Use and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Greek Adolescents.","authors":"George Nodaras, Kalliopi Mavrea, Vasiliki Efthymiou, Kalliopi Papoutsaki, Styliani Geronikolou, Flora Bacopoulou","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_26","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electronic media such as mobile phones, social media, computers, televisions, and video games are dominant in adolescents' lives. There is a growing concern that rising rates of electronic media use may be related to behavioral and emotional problems. The aim of the present study was to examine associations of adolescents' electronic media use with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Study participants were 99 adolescents (39 males, 60 females), 12-18 years old, as well as 93 parents (12 fathers and 81 mothers). Internet addiction was evaluated by the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and behavioral/emotional problems by the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. Parents reported on their adolescent's attention and hyperactivity problems on the ADHD Rating Scale-5. Electronic media used by the adolescents were computer (40.4%), tablet (44.4%), PlayStation (40.4%), Facebook (43.4%), whereas 72.7% had an account on social networks. They watched TV from 0 to over 4 h every day; specifically, 51.5% from 0 to 2 h, while only 1% over 4 h. Most of them (78.8%) used internet daily, 28.3% used internet about 6-10 h, and 24.2% used it over 20 h to watch videos on YouTube (20,2%), searched for school information (14,1%), connected with social media (13.1), played games (12.1%), looked for information on products and services (12.1%), etc. Eighty respondents (80.8%) were average internet users (IAT < 40), 19 (19.2%) had possible addiction (IAT 40-69), while no one (0%) had severe addiction (IAT ≥ 70). The Internet Αddiction scale was found to have statistically significant correlations with many of the subscales of the Achenbach questionnaire and the attention-deficit subscale of the ADHD questionnaire.Statistically significant positive correlations were found between possible internet addiction with rule-breaking behavior, problems like thought, externalization, behavioral, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and post-traumatic stress. Results suggest that misuse of electronic media may be related to ADHD traits among Greek adolescents. As rates of electronic media use among teenagers are increasing, these findings should be taken into account to protect the social, cognitive, and psychological health of adolescents. Effective interventions are needed to target specific types of electronic media use in adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1487 ","pages":"253-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145581709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Circuit Taxonomy and Precision Psychiatry in Major Depression.","authors":"Je-Yeon Yun, Yong-Ku Kim","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) demonstrate a relatively higher relapse risk and exhibit considerable clinical and biological heterogeneity with possible distinct neurophysiological mechanisms. In this chapter, we adapt an approach of neural circuit taxonomy and will demonstrate brain network-based correlates of clinical symptom subtypes in MDD. First, anhedonia might encompass negative-affect circuit dysfunction and reward-processing dysfunctions. Structural covariance of brain gray matter morphologies within the salience and limbic networks, and among the salience limbic default-mode somatomotor visual networks are reflective of anhedonia in depression. Second, hyperactivation of default-mode network and lowered functioning of frontoparietal network underlie thought rumination. Third, altered functioning of salience network could contribute to difficulty distinguishing relevant salient cues and anxious avoidance. Fourth, hyperactivation of limbic network and increased connectivity with default-mode network might contribute to heightened negative bias and negative affect. Fifth, hypofunctioning of frontoparietal network and dorsal attention network might underlie inattentiveness and cognitive dyscontrol. Finally, limbic, salience, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks, including the thalamus orchestrate in suicidality of MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1502 ","pages":"31-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Psychological Interventions in the Treatment of Unipolar Major Depression.","authors":"Chiara Patierno, Danilo Carrozzino, Fiammetta Cosci","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_30","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinimetric method of staging defines the extent of progression of unipolar major depression along the continuum of the course of the illness from prodromal to residual phases. This longitudinal view allows clinicians to select stage-specific treatment options. A growing body of literature suggests that no single psychotherapy approach is effective for all patients and clinical situations and that patients with unipolar major depression prefer psychotherapy to antidepressants, also due to the iatrogenic potential of the latter. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy was found to be effective in all stages of unipolar major depression, reducing acute manifestations as well as prodromal and residual symptoms, thus also preventing relapse. Psychotherapeutic interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) were tested in the acute phase of depression and were shown to be effective. ACT and IPT were also used with benefits as maintenance treatment in the residual phase of unipolar major depression and have been shown to be effective in promoting enduring experiences of positive mental health. The choice of the psychotherapeutic treatment for unipolar major depression should be considered in the light of patients' preferences and possible tailoring to specific clinical conditions, such as comorbidity, lifetime use of drugs, and longitudinal development of the disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1502 ","pages":"531-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities for Statistics in Omics Data Analysis.","authors":"Eunice Carrasquinha, Lisete Sousa, Carina Silva","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-18966-0_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-18966-0_10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Omics data, comprising a diverse array of high-throughput molecular datasets, present substantial statistical challenges due to their intrinsic heterogeneity and variability. Effectively distinguishing biologically meaningful variations from random noise requires the application and development of robust statistical approaches. Interdisciplinary collaboration plays a pivotal role in refining these methodologies and enhancing the understanding of intricate biological systems. This chapter reviews the importance of statistical methods in omics data analysis, highlighting the need for ongoing advancements to address key challenges, including experimental design, preprocessing, dimensionality reduction, statistical modeling of complex datasets, and the interpretation of results. The pursuit of improved reliability in biological insights creates opportunities for the development and refinement of advanced statistical methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1504 ","pages":"205-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oocyte Kinetochores at the Nexus of Meiotic Drive and Segregation Fidelity.","authors":"Preethi Kunchala, Takashi Akera","doi":"10.1007/978-981-92-1439-6_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-981-92-1439-6_9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Faithful chromosome segregation in oocytes relies on the precise coordination of core centromeric chromatin, dynamic kinetochore assembly, and spindle interactions. In meiosis I, sister kinetochores are mono-oriented toward the same spindle pole, allowing homologous chromosomes to bi-orient and segregate properly, whereas meiosis II exhibits conventional bi-orientation of sister chromatids. Stepwise assembly of kinetochore subcomplexes, Meikin-mediated mono-orientation, and protection of centromeric cohesion by Shugoshin ensure accurate segregation through meiotic divisions. These same structural and regulatory features, however, are also exploited by selfish centromeres to bias chromosome orientation on the oocyte spindle, leading to biased segregation to the egg and therefore to the next generation in violation of Mendel's Law of Segregation. We will review recent studies that have established a mechanistic framework for both accurate chromosome segregation and non-Mendelian segregation in oocytes, highlighting the central role of meiotic centromeres in female reproduction and evolutionary conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1517 ","pages":"151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Immune and Endocrine Biomarkers in Skin and Mucocutaneous Diseases.","authors":"Bruno Špiljak, Lorena Dolački, Ena Parać, Liborija Lugović-Mihić","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_12","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter explores the role of salivary immune and endocrine biomarkers in diagnosing and managing skin and mucocutaneous diseases. These conditions, including allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders, often present complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Salivary biomarkers offer a promising alternative to traditional blood-based diagnostics, due to their non-invasive sampling method and the ability to reflect both local and systemic immune responses. Key biomarkers, such as cytokines, immunoglobulins, and stress-related hormones, have been identified in saliva and show associations with conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and oral lichen planus. Advancements in salivary diagnostics underscore the potential of biomarkers like IL-17, TNF-α, and cortisol for disease monitoring and personalized treatment approaches. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in standardizing these biomarkers across heterogeneous populations and in implementing cost-effective diagnostic tools into routine clinical practice. Further research is essential to validate the clinical application of these markers, develop reliable point-of-care devices, and design integrated biomarker panels that support early intervention and improve patient outcomes. The growing field of salivary proteomics and exosomal analysis heralds a transformative future for non-invasive, precision-based dermatological diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1492 ","pages":"225-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145501593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Oral Microbial Communities at the Gingival Interface During Health and Inflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Loreto Abusleme, Marion Arce, Nicolas Dutzan","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subgingival environment is a unique ecological niche where host-microbe interactions continuously occur, ultimately determining the balance that characterizes periodontal health or the disequilibrium featured in periodontal diseases. Importantly, knowledge of the subgingival microbiome has expanded dramatically due to the extensive use of next-generation sequencing techniques in both periodontal health and diseases, making it necessary to summarize and contextualize evidence from these types of studies. Consequently, this chapter first explores the anatomical and histological characteristics of the subgingival area and provides an overview of the microbial communities and immune surveillance mechanisms unraveling in this space and during periodontal health. Then, focus is placed on better defining periodontal inflammation as a main driver of microbial dysbiosis during disease. The subgingival microbiome in gingivitis and periodontitis is further analyzed, focusing on the environmental changes triggered by periodontal inflammation, as inflammation and tissue destruction lead to dramatic environmental changes that are associated with distinct microbial shifts. The microbial transition from health to gingivitis is explored in detail, discussing evidence stemming from studies dedicated to natural and experimental gingivitis. Finally, the dynamics of subgingival microbial communities in periodontitis and their connection with inflammation are explored, acknowledging the bidirectional nature of this relationship and highlighting its importance in determining health and disease in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1492 ","pages":"41-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145501382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geo-Enabling Public Health: A Systematic Review of GIS Applications.","authors":"Nikolaos Stasinos, Andreas Tsatsaris, Sotirios Plakas, Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos, Marianna Mantzorou","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_21","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geographic Information Systems have grown over time to become an integrative tool in public health, providing an effective way of bringing spatial data together in assessing some of the complex health challenges. The aim of this systematic review is to delve into the application of GIS in addressing public health challenges and identify the knowledge gaps on the existing limitations on the way to harnessing new technologies in GIS and maximizing their impact on population health. In 45 articles reviewed, the authors found evidence that GIS have been essential in the field of public health. Most studies explored their use in disease surveillance and outbreak response, especially in the tracking of patterns of disease. Others discussed how GIS can be used in health disparity research for visualizing geographical patterning of health inequities and for revealing ways to implement interventions that would reduce inequities. Very few of them reviewed applications in health service planning and resource allocation, pointing to potential means of optimizing the geographical distribution of healthcare resources and increasing access to underserved populations. Finally, the authors consider how GIS can help to create comprehensive health profiles of communities by providing insights into health disparities. Our study provides an overview for future research on this topic and discusses the progress and the continued challenges of the field of public health GIS with respect to data quality, capacity building, and ethical and community considerations in order that its full potential for creating a healthier, more equitable world can be met.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1487 ","pages":"201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145581543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Insights on Dental Caries Microbiota in Pediatric Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.","authors":"Gökhan Kars, Bushra Lutf Ahmed Alkebsi, Sevgi Keleş, Halenur Altan, Hazal Özer, Can Holyavkin, Mehmet Ali Karaselek","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_15","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-03176-1_15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are genetic disorders that impair immune defense and regulation, increasing susceptibility to infections, including those in the oral cavity. The oral microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining oral health, and in pediatric patients with IEIs, disruptions in this balance can lead to dental caries and other oral diseases. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between immune deficiencies and oral microbiota dysbiosis, focusing on dental caries in children with IEIs. Omics technologies, particularly metagenomics, have enhanced understanding of the microbial diversity and metabolic activities within the oral microbiota of the patients. Key findings reveal that compromised immune responses in children with IEIs disrupt the balance of oral bacteria, making them more prone to dental caries. The chapter highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach, integrating microbiology, immunology, dentistry, and bioinformatics, to uncover the complex interactions between the oral microbiome and the immune system. The insights gained from this research will contribute to the development of personalized therapeutic strategies, improving the dental and overall health of pediatric patients with IEIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1492 ","pages":"291-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145501650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}