Advances in experimental medicine and biology最新文献_第3页

Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and Parasitized Hosts. 类寄生物和被寄主的脂质代谢。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_812

Mathilde Scheifler, Léonore Wilhelm, Bertanne Visser

{"title":"Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and Parasitized Hosts.","authors":"Mathilde Scheifler, Léonore Wilhelm, Bertanne Visser","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04842-4_812","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitoids have an exceptional lifestyle where juvenile development is spent on or in a single host insect, but the adults are free-living. Unlike parasites, parasitoids kill the host. How parasitoids use such a limiting resource, particularly lipids, can affect chances to survive and reproduce. In part 1, we describe the parasitoid lifestyle, including typical developmental strategies. Lipid metabolism in parasitoids has been of interest to researchers since the 1960s and continues to fascinate ecologists, evolutionists, physiologists, and entomologists alike. One reason of this interest is that the majority of parasitoids do not accumulate triacylglycerols as adults. Early research revealed that some parasitoid larvae mimic the fatty acid composition of the host, which may result from a lack of de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. More recent work has focused on the evolution of lack of adult triacylglycerol accumulation and consequences for life history traits. In part 2 of this chapter, we discuss research efforts on lipid metabolism in parasitoids from the 1960s onwards. Parasitoids are also master manipulators of host physiology, including lipid metabolism, having evolved a range of mechanisms to affect the release, synthesis, transport, and take-up of lipids from the host. We lay out the effects of parasitism on host physiology in part 3 of this chapter.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1494 ","pages":"445-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Adolescent Growth, Development, and Metabolism Research. 青少年生长、发育和代谢研究的新趋势和未来方向。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_8

Quanyou Shi, Ming Xu

引用次数: 0

Stages and Characteristics of Adolescent Growth and Development. 青少年生长发育的阶段和特点。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_1

Akiko Hatsukari, Suguru Torii, Yuka Tsukahara

{"title":"Stages and Characteristics of Adolescent Growth and Development.","authors":"Akiko Hatsukari, Suguru Torii, Yuka Tsukahara","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_1","url":null,"abstract":"Life stages are typically classified into five stages: childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood (Super DE, Career choice and development: applying contemporary theories to practice, 2nd edn. Jossey-Bass, pp 197-261, 1990), and the environment surrounding individuals changes with their life stages. Although physical growth commences in the fetal stage, it proceeds postnatally through successive developmental phases, including infancy, early and middle childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The stage of adolescence is an important phase in human life during which individuals experience both physical and psychological changes. Preventing stunted growth and development in adolescents is essential for fostering healthy adults. This chapter outlines the stages and characteristics of adolescence. The terms \"growth\" and \"development\" are used widely. In this chapter, the \"growth\" is defined as the quantitative changes, specifically increases in the mass or length of bodily components. In contrast, the term \"development\" refers to qualitative changes, such as the functional enhancement of various bodily organs.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1505 ","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glycan-Based Targeting Technology and Its Application in Therapeutic In Vivo Synthetic Chemistry. 甘聚糖靶向技术及其在治疗性体内合成化学中的应用

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_36

Tsung-Che Chang, Shunya Ohara, Katsunori Tanaka

{"title":"Glycan-Based Targeting Technology and Its Application in Therapeutic In Vivo Synthetic Chemistry.","authors":"Tsung-Che Chang, Shunya Ohara, Katsunori Tanaka","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_36","url":null,"abstract":"Chemotherapy lacks specificity, resulting in significant side effects on healthy tissues. Although molecularly targeted therapies have become standard treatments instead of chemotherapy, cancer heterogeneity hinders their effectiveness, and the availability of targeted antigens in clinical samples remains limited. Cell surface glycans have various \"glycan patterns\" composed of different glycan molecules, facilitating strong and selective cell-to-cell recognition. To better understand the factors influencing glycan pattern recognition in vivo, we created artificial glycoalbumins and identified cancer-specific accumulation patterns for various glycoalbumins modified with specific glycan patterns. To leverage the insights gained from these studies, we used glycoalbumin scaffolds as glycosylated therapeutic artificial metalloenzymes for cancer treatment by localizing their biological activity to avoid unwanted side effects. This review presents our foundational research that has driven artificial glycoalbumin-based targeting and subsequent adaptations for potential therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1491 ","pages":"647-655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Exercise in Fat Oxidation and Its Impact on Adolescent Metabolism. 运动在脂肪氧化中的作用及其对青少年代谢的影响。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_17

Atilla Engin, Ayse Basak Engin

{"title":"The Role of Exercise in Fat Oxidation and Its Impact on Adolescent Metabolism.","authors":"Atilla Engin, Ayse Basak Engin","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_17","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent obesity is a major international public health problem. Many studies have shown that exercise training is of great importance in preventing the excessive amount of increase in body fat mass. It has been thought that exercise programs that increase the rate of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) will result in an acceptable reduction in fat mass after a period of time. However, it is still questionable which exercise, and its intensity is most effective for increasing the fat loss. The aim of this review is to discuss exercise intensity-dependent energy consumption and the contribution of lipid oxidation to supply energy demand in the metabolic adaptation of adolescent metabolism to exercise training. A constant sedentary lifestyle leads to insulin resistance and vascular function problems, and an increased rate of carbohydrate oxidation ultimately leads to the accumulation of body fat mass. The exercise program to be implemented in sedentary behavior is decided by monitoring frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise. Increased adipose tissue perfusion dependent on exercise intensity, results in increased FAO and lipolysis. Surprisingly, lipolysis during high-intensity exercise is less than FAO during low-intensity exercise. A positive correlation has been found between maximum FAO and insulin sensitivity in healthy adolescents.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1505 ","pages":"343-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuronal Axon Generation/Regeneration Regulated by Sulfated Glycans. 巯基聚糖调控神经元轴突的生成/再生。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_2

Kenji Kadomatsu, Kazuma Sakamoto

{"title":"Neuronal Axon Generation/Regeneration Regulated by Sulfated Glycans.","authors":"Kenji Kadomatsu, Kazuma Sakamoto","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_2","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been recognized that central nerve axons do not regenerate spontaneously in adults. On the other hand, it is also known that axons of embryonic neurons and peripheral neurons, even of adults, can regenerate and reconstruct neural circuits. These differences can be attributed to intrinsic factors, that is, the regenerative capacities of neurons, and extrinsic factors, that is, the extracellular environments. Recent analyses at the single-cell level have led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie differences in the regenerative ability of neurons. At the same time, our understanding of the extracellular environments that determine whether neural axons can regenerate has also advanced. Sulfated glycans, which are sugar chains known as \"third life chains\" in addition to nucleic acids and proteins, are among the most important extracellular molecules involved in conferring regenerative capacity. Once thought to be merely a physical barrier to neuronal axons, the sulfated glycans have recently been shown to inhibit neuronal axon regeneration via their specific neuronal receptors and intracellular signaling. In this chapter, we will introduce the recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of nerve axons by sulfated glycans, while unraveling the history of research on axon regeneration.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1491 ","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Insights into Plant Allergens and the Development of Neoglycopolymers for Anti-allergic Drug Design. 植物过敏原研究进展及抗过敏药物设计中新共聚物的发展。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_28

Megumi Maeda, Mariko Kimura, Yoshinobu Kimura

{"title":"Recent Insights into Plant Allergens and the Development of Neoglycopolymers for Anti-allergic Drug Design.","authors":"Megumi Maeda, Mariko Kimura, Yoshinobu Kimura","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04153-1_28","url":null,"abstract":"Plant allergens that cause pollinosis and food allergies are often N-glycosylated. Plant antigenic N-glycans contain antigenic β1,2-xylosyl and/or α1,3-fucosyl residues in the tri-mannosyl core structure, and some structures have N-acetylglucosamine or Lea epitope at their non-reducing terminal. Recently, it has been shown that plant antigenic N-glycans of pollens and plant food allergens are cross-reactive but are minor epitopes of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) of allergic patients and are not involved in induction of allergic symptoms. On the other hand, the core structure of the plant antigenic N-glycan, free Man3Xyl1Fuc1GlcNAc2 (M3FX), has been found to suppress cedar pollen allergen Cry j 1-specific Th2 immune responses (cell proliferation and IL-4 production), suggesting that M3FX may be a lead compound for drugs against pollen allergies. In order to elucidate the suppressive mechanism of Th2 immune response, it will be necessary to synthesize neoglycopolymers carrying multivalent M3FX to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of M3FX. In this review, we describe the structural features of plant antigenic N-glycans found in pollen and plant food allergens and the role of serum IgE in cedar pollinosis and peanut allergy to plant antigenic N-glycans as well. Subsequently, we introduce methods for preparing glycopeptides containing plant antigenic N-glycans and neoglycopolymers synthesis.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1491 ","pages":"487-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preventing Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents Through Exercise. 通过运动预防青少年代谢综合征。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_19

Valeria Calcaterra, Matteo Vandoni, Virginia Rossi, Alessandro Gatti, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti

{"title":"Preventing Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents Through Exercise.","authors":"Valeria Calcaterra, Matteo Vandoni, Virginia Rossi, Alessandro Gatti, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_19","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an increasingly concerning public health issue among young people, closely linked to the global rise in obesity. It significantly contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Since MetS develops progressively, early intervention through lifestyle changes is essential for prevention. Physical activity (PA) plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, particularly during childhood, and serves as a powerful preventive measure against obesity and its associated conditions. Regular PA and exercise offer extensive benefits, including reductions in body fat, improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced cardiovascular and pulmonary function, increased cerebral blood flow and oxygenation, and improved muscle development and strength. These benefits largely result from metabolic adaptations triggered by movement, regulated by molecules that maintain cellular balance. Importantly, PA and exercise not only provide metabolic advantages but also represent a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. To design effective exercise interventions for adolescents with or at risk of MetS, it is essential to focus on both physiological impact and behavioral sustainability. Promoting activities that are enjoyable, high-intensity, and varied can boost adherence, enhance self-efficacy, and yield meaningful clinical outcomes. Programs that are engaging, personalized, and regularly assessed are most effective in supporting long-term health and sustainable lifestyle changes in this population.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1505 ","pages":"393-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural Circuit Taxonomy and Precision Psychiatry in Major Depression. 重性抑郁症的神经回路分类与精确精神病学。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_3

Je-Yeon Yun, Yong-Ku Kim

{"title":"Neural Circuit Taxonomy and Precision Psychiatry in Major Depression.","authors":"Je-Yeon Yun, Yong-Ku Kim","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_3","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) demonstrate a relatively higher relapse risk and exhibit considerable clinical and biological heterogeneity with possible distinct neurophysiological mechanisms. In this chapter, we adapt an approach of neural circuit taxonomy and will demonstrate brain network-based correlates of clinical symptom subtypes in MDD. First, anhedonia might encompass negative-affect circuit dysfunction and reward-processing dysfunctions. Structural covariance of brain gray matter morphologies within the salience and limbic networks, and among the salience limbic default-mode somatomotor visual networks are reflective of anhedonia in depression. Second, hyperactivation of default-mode network and lowered functioning of frontoparietal network underlie thought rumination. Third, altered functioning of salience network could contribute to difficulty distinguishing relevant salient cues and anxious avoidance. Fourth, hyperactivation of limbic network and increased connectivity with default-mode network might contribute to heightened negative bias and negative affect. Fifth, hypofunctioning of frontoparietal network and dorsal attention network might underlie inattentiveness and cognitive dyscontrol. Finally, limbic, salience, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks, including the thalamus orchestrate in suicidality of MDD.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1502 ","pages":"31-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Psychological Interventions in the Treatment of Unipolar Major Depression. 治疗单极重性抑郁症的新型心理干预。

4区医学

Advances in experimental medicine and biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_30

Chiara Patierno, Danilo Carrozzino, Fiammetta Cosci

{"title":"Novel Psychological Interventions in the Treatment of Unipolar Major Depression.","authors":"Chiara Patierno, Danilo Carrozzino, Fiammetta Cosci","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_30","url":null,"abstract":"The clinimetric method of staging defines the extent of progression of unipolar major depression along the continuum of the course of the illness from prodromal to residual phases. This longitudinal view allows clinicians to select stage-specific treatment options. A growing body of literature suggests that no single psychotherapy approach is effective for all patients and clinical situations and that patients with unipolar major depression prefer psychotherapy to antidepressants, also due to the iatrogenic potential of the latter. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy was found to be effective in all stages of unipolar major depression, reducing acute manifestations as well as prodromal and residual symptoms, thus also preventing relapse. Psychotherapeutic interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) were tested in the acute phase of depression and were shown to be effective. ACT and IPT were also used with benefits as maintenance treatment in the residual phase of unipolar major depression and have been shown to be effective in promoting enduring experiences of positive mental health. The choice of the psychotherapeutic treatment for unipolar major depression should be considered in the light of patients' preferences and possible tailoring to specific clinical conditions, such as comorbidity, lifetime use of drugs, and longitudinal development of the disorder.","PeriodicalId":7270,"journal":{"name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","volume":"1502 ","pages":"531-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0