Communications engineering最新文献

{"title":"Synergizing physics and machine learning for advanced battery management","authors":"Manashita Borah, Qiao Wang, Scott Moura, Dirk Uwe Sauer, Weihan Li","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00273-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00273-6","url":null,"abstract":"Improving battery health and safety motivates the synergy of a powerful duo: physics and machine learning. Through seamless integration of these disciplines, the efficacy of mathematical battery models can be significantly enhanced. This paper delves into the challenges and potentials of managing battery health and safety, highlighting the transformative impact of integrating physics and machine learning to address those challenges. Based on our systematic review in this context, we outline several future directions and perspectives, offering a comprehensive exploration of efficient and reliable approaches. Our analysis emphasizes that the integration of physics and machine learning stands as a disruptive innovation in the development of emerging battery health and safety management technologies. Lithium-ion batteries are integral to modern technologies but the sustainability of long-term battery health is a significant and persistent challenge. In this perspective Borah and colleagues discuss the integration of physics and machine learning to support developments in battery performance and safety.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00273-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A full-custom fully implantable cochlear implant system validated in vivo with an animal model","authors":"Hasan Uluşan, M. Berat Yüksel, Özlem Topçu, H. Andaç Yiğit, Akın M. Yılmaz, Mert Doğan, Nagihan Gülhan Yasar, İbrahim Kuyumcu, Aykan Batu, Nebil Göksu, M. Birol Uğur, Haluk Külah","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00275-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00275-4","url":null,"abstract":"Realizations of fully implantable cochlear implants (FICIs) for providing adequate solution to esthetic concerns and frequent battery replacement have lacked of addressing system level criteria as a complete device. Here, we present a full-custom FICI that considers design of both an implantable sensor for wide range sound sensing and a signal conditioning circuit for electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. The microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based acoustic sensor utilizes multiple cantilever beam structures to sense and filter the mechanical vibrations on the ossicular chain. The area optimized bilayer design of the piezoelectric sensor met with the volume limitation in the middle ear while achieving high signal-to-noise-ratio. The sensor outputs are processed by a current mode low-power signal conditioning circuit that stimulates the auditory neurons through intracochlear electrodes. The FICI is validated with an in vivo model where the electrical auditory brainstem response (eABR) of the animal was observed while applying sound excitation. The eABR results demonstrate that the system is able to evoke responses in the auditory nerves of a guinea pig for sound range of 45–100 dB SPL within the selected frequency bands. Dr Ulusan and colleagues design a fully implantable cochlear implant and demonstrate functionality using an in vivo model where sound vibrations within a range of 45–100 dB SPL can be detected and filtered. The design uses a MEMS-based acoustic sensor coupled with a low-power signal-conditioning circuit that will also ensure long operating times.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00275-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-view neural 3D reconstruction of micro- and nanostructures with atomic force microscopy","authors":"Shuo Chen, Mao Peng, Yijin Li, Bing-Feng Ju, Hujun Bao, Yuan-Liu Chen, Guofeng Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00270-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00270-9","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a widely employed tool for micro- and nanoscale topographic imaging. However, conventional AFM scanning struggles to reconstruct complex 3D micro- and nanostructures precisely due to limitations such as incomplete sample topography capturing and tip-sample convolution artifacts. Here, we propose a multi-view neural-network-based framework with AFM, named MVN-AFM, which accurately reconstructs surface models of intricate micro- and nanostructures. Unlike previous 3D-AFM approaches, MVN-AFM does not depend on any specially shaped probes or costly modifications to the AFM system. To achieve this, MVN-AFM employs an iterative method to align multi-view data and eliminate AFM artifacts simultaneously. Furthermore, we apply the neural implicit surface reconstruction technique in nanotechnology and achieve improved results. Additional extensive experiments show that MVN-AFM effectively eliminates artifacts present in raw AFM images and reconstructs various micro- and nanostructures, including complex geometrical microstructures printed via two-photon lithography and nanoparticles such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanospheres and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) nanocrystals. This work presents a cost-effective tool for micro- and nanoscale 3D analysis. Shuo Chen and colleagues present a cost-effective neural network-based method to deal with tip-sample convolution artifacts in atomic force microscopy. Their method merges multiview atomic force microscopy images into precise 3D models of complex micro- and nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00270-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seamlessly merging radar ranging and imaging, wireless communications, and spectrum sensing for 6G empowered by microwave photonics","authors":"Taixia Shi, Yang Chen, Jianping Yao","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00279-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00279-0","url":null,"abstract":"To facilitate intelligent interconnection among people, machines, and things, the next generation of communication technology must incorporate various sensing functions besides high-speed wireless communications. Integration of radar, wireless communications, and spectrum sensing is being investigated for 6G with increased spectral efficiency, enhanced system integration, and reduced cost. Microwave photonics, a technique that combines microwave engineering and photonic technology is considered an effective solution for implementing the integration and breaking the bottleneck problems of electronic solutions. Here, we show a photonics-assisted joint radar, wireless communications, and spectrum sensing system that enables precise perception of the surrounding physical and electromagnetic environments while maintaining high-speed communication. Communication signals and frequency-sweep signals are merged optically using a shared system architecture and hardware to achieve signal level sharing, ultimately simultaneously achieving high-accuracy radar ranging and imaging with a measurement error within ± 4 cm and an imaging resolution of 25 × 24.7 mm, high-data-rate wireless communications at 2 Gbaud, and wideband spectrum sensing with a frequency measurement error within ±10 MHz in a 6 GHz bandwidth. Taixia Shi and colleagues demonstrate a microwave photonics system with integrated capabilities of radar, communication, and spectrum sensing for 6G technologies, simultaneously achieving high-accuracy radar ranging and imaging, high-data-rate wireless communications, and wideband spectrum sensing.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00279-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexing fibre-free-space optical communications using polarisation multiplexing technique and tunable optical vestigial sideband filter","authors":"Hsiao-Mei Lin, Chia-Peng Wang, Hai-Han Lu, Stotaw Talbachew Hayle, Xu-Hong Huang, Wei-Wen Hsu, Yu-Chen Chung, Yu-Yao Bai, Kelper Okram, Jia-Ming Lu","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00277-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00277-2","url":null,"abstract":"To address the growing demand from emerging applications, high transmission capacity is essential for both fibre backbones and last-mile communications. This can be achieved by integrating optical fibre with optical wireless technologies, facilitating the development of fibre-free-space optical communications. Here we report a bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexing fibre-free-space optical communication employing polarisation multiplexing technique and tunable optical vestigial sideband filter. The transmission capacity is considerably increased by integrating the polarisation multiplexing technique with the wavelength-division-multiplexing scheme. The transmission performance is extensively enhanced by using a tunable optical vestigial sideband filter and vestigial sideband-four-level pulse amplitude modulation. Moreover, the optical wireless link is substantially extended through the operation of triplet lenses. Low bit error rates and clear vestigial sideband-four-level pulse amplitude modulation eye diagrams are attained with a high aggregate transmission capacity of 480 Gb/s for downstream/upstream transmission. This capability of bidirectional fibre-free-space optical communications holds substantial potential for enhancing advanced wired-wireless communications. Hsiao-Mei Lin and coauthors achieve bidirectional communication using polarisation multiplexing and a tunable optical vestigial sideband filter. The system transmitted data over a total distance of 31.6 km, including both single-mode fibre and free-space optical links, achieving an aggregate capacity of 480 Gb/s for downstream and upstream transmissions.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00277-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cell cryopreservation with cavitation-mediated trehalose treatment","authors":"Carla V. Fuenteslópez, Michael Gray, Simge Bahcevanci, Alexander Martin, Cameron A. B. Smith, Constantin Coussios, Zhanfeng Cui, Hua Ye, Viorica Patrulea","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00265-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00265-6","url":null,"abstract":"Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) has conventionally been used for cell cryopreservation both in research and in clinical applications, but has long-term cytotoxic effects. Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, has been proposed as a non-toxic cryoprotectant. However, the lack of specific cell membrane transporter receptors inhibits transmembrane transport and severely limits its cryoprotective capability. This research presents a method to successfully deliver trehalose into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using ultrasound in the presence of microbubbles. The optimised trehalose concentration was shown to be able to not only preserve membrane integrity and cell viability but also the multipotency of MSCs, which are essential for stem cell therapy. Confocal imaging revealed that rhodamine-labelled trehalose was transported into cells rather than simply attached to the membrane. Additionally, the membranes were successfully preserved in lyophilised cells. This study demonstrates that ultrasonication with microbubbles facilitated trehalose delivery, offering promising cryoprotective capability without the cytotoxicity associated with DMSO-based methods. The team led by Dr. Patrulea propose a method to use trehalose as a non-toxic cryopreservation & lyophilisation agent. They demonstrate how ultrasound & microbubbles can be used to successfully internalise trehalose into mesenchymal stem cells, preventing cryodamage.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00265-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-band ultrathin reflective metasurface for linear and circular polarization conversion in Ku, K, and Ka bands","authors":"Humayun Zubair Khan, Abdul Jabbar, Jalil ur Rehman Kazim, Masood Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ali Imran, Qammer H. Abbasi","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00266-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00266-5","url":null,"abstract":"Linear polarization (LP) and circular polarization (CP) holds paramount importance in Ku, K, and Ka bands for satellite based communication, and remote sensing applications. Satellite based remote sensing applications face challenges like atmospheric attenuation, noise & interference, and signal degradation. Moreover, satellite based communication application demands CP in two distinct, non-adjacent frequency bands with orthogonal polarizations at greater oblique angles, considering the unpredictable incidence angles of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Addressing these challenges, an innovative metasurface polarization converter is proposed to operate efficiently across the Ku-band (13.5–18.0 GHz), K-band (18.0–26.5 GHz), and Ka-band (26.5–38.5 GHz) frequency ranges. The converter achieves left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) in the Ku- and Ka-bands within the frequency ranges of 14.57–15.65 GHz and 27.47–33.85 GHz for y-polarized incident EM waves. Additionally, it provides right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) in the K- and Ka-bands at 17.27–23.92 GHz and 35.87–38.32 GHz for y-polarized incident EM waves. The LP conversion ratio exceeds 95% in the frequency bands of 15.97–16.85 GHz, 24.70–26.65 GHz, and 34.37–35.45 GHz for y-polarized, LHCP, and RHCP incident EM waves, respectively. The metasurface exhibits robust performance up to incidence angles of 45 degrees under oblique conditions. Experimental validation using traditional board-circuit manufacturing demonstrates close agreement between measured co- and cross-polarized reflection coefficients and simulations in the 13.5–18 GHz, and 24–38.5 GHz frequency range. Thin metasurface with a thickness of only 0.64 = 0.013λo mm, the proposed design outperforms existing studies in the literature, establishing its competitive edge in terms of structure and performance. Humayun Zubair Khan and colleagues design a thin and efficient metasurface for polarisation conversion. Their solution can operate to up to 45-degree incidence angles and is suitable for satellite communications which use separated frequency bands with orthogonal circularly polarised waves.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00266-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building-block-flow computational model for large-eddy simulation of external aerodynamic applications","authors":"Gonzalo Arranz, Yuenong Ling, Sam Costa, Konrad Goc, Adrián Lozano-Durán","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00278-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00278-1","url":null,"abstract":"Computational fluid dynamics is an essential tool for accelerating the discovery and adoption of transformative designs across multiple engineering disciplines. Despite its many successes, no single approach consistently achieves high accuracy for all flow phenomena of interest, primarily due to limitations in the modeling assumptions. Here, we introduce a closure model for wall-modeled large-eddy simulation to address this challenge. The model, referred to as the Building-block Flow Model (BFM), rests on the premise that a finite collection of simple flows encapsulates the essential missing physics necessary to predict more complex scenarios. The BFM is designed to: (1) predict multiple flow regimes, (2) unify the closure model at solid boundaries and the rest of the flow, (3) ensure consistency with numerical schemes and gridding strategies by accounting for numerical errors, (4) be directly applicable to arbitrary complex geometries, and (5) be scalable to model additional flow physics in the future. The BFM is utilized to predict key quantities in five cases, including an aircraft in landing configuration, demonstrating similar or superior capabilities compared to previous state-of-the-art models. The design of BFM opens up new opportunities for developing closure models that can accurately represent various flow physics across different scenarios. Arranz and colleagues introduce a closure model for computational fluid dynamics. Their approach is implemented using artificial neural networks. It predicts multiple flow conditions, is directly applicable to complex geometries, and ensures consistency with numerical schemes.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00278-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental system for detection and localization of hemorrhage using ultra-wideband microwaves with deep learning","authors":"Eisa Hedayati, Fatemeh Safari, George Verghese, Vito R. Ciancia, Daniel K. Sodickson, Seena Dehkharghani, Leeor Alon","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00259-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00259-4","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Emergent diagnosis and intervention are critical, and predicated upon initial brain imaging; however, existing clinical imaging modalities are generally costly, immobile, and demand highly specialized operation and interpretation. Low-energy microwaves have been explored as a low-cost, small form factor, fast, and safe probe for tissue dielectric properties measurements, with both imaging and diagnostic potential. Nevertheless, challenges inherent to microwave reconstruction have impeded progress, hence conduction of microwave imaging remains an elusive scientific aim. Herein, we introduce a dedicated experimental framework comprising a robotic navigation system to translate blood-mimicking phantoms within a human head model. An 8-element ultra-wideband array of modified antipodal Vivaldi antennas was developed and driven by a two-port vector network analyzer spanning 0.6–9.0 GHz at an operating power of 1 mW. Complex scattering parameters were measured, and dielectric signatures of hemorrhage were learned using a dedicated deep neural network for prediction of hemorrhage classes and localization. An overall sensitivity and specificity for detection >0.99 was observed, with Rayleigh mean localization error of 1.65 mm. The study establishes the feasibility of a robust experimental model and deep learning solution for ultra-wideband microwave stroke detection. Eisa Hedayati, Fatemeh Safari and colleagues use an array of ultra-wideband microwave antennas to locate the haemorrhages in a human head phantom. The results of the measurements are processed by the deep neural network algorithm to classify the digital signatures for efficient detection and localization.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00259-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization and recognition of human action in 3D using transformers","authors":"Jiankai Sun, Linjiang Huang, Hongsong Wang, Chuanyang Zheng, Jianing Qiu, Md Tauhidul Islam, Enze Xie, Bolei Zhou, Lei Xing, Arjun Chandrasekaran, Michael J. Black","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00272-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00272-7","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding a person’s behavior from their 3D motion sequence is a fundamental problem in computer vision with many applications. An important component of this problem is 3D action localization, which involves recognizing what actions a person is performing, and when the actions occur in the sequence. To promote the progress of the 3D action localization community, we introduce a new, challenging, and more complex benchmark dataset, BABEL-TAL (BT), for 3D action localization. Important baselines and evaluating metrics, as well as human evaluations, are carefully established on this benchmark. We also propose a strong baseline model, i.e., Localizing Actions with Transformers (LocATe), that jointly localizes and recognizes actions in a 3D sequence. The proposed LocATe shows superior performance on BABEL-TAL as well as on the large-scale PKU-MMD dataset, achieving state-of-the-art performance by using only 10% of the labeled training data. Our research could advance the development of more accurate and efficient systems for human behavior analysis, with potential applications in areas such as human-computer interaction and healthcare. Jiankai Sun, Michael J. Black and colleagues present a benchmark for human movement analysis. Their transformer-based approach, LocATe, learns to perform both temporal action localization and recognition.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}