Communications engineering最新文献_第6页

Preserving privacy and video quality through remote physiological signal removal. 通过远程生理信号去除保护隐私和视频质量。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00363-z

Saksham Bhutani, Mohamed Elgendi, Carlo Menon

{"title":"Preserving privacy and video quality through remote physiological signal removal.","authors":"Saksham Bhutani, Mohamed Elgendi, Carlo Menon","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00363-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00363-z","url":null,"abstract":"The revolutionary remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) technique has enabled intelligent devices to estimate physiological parameters with remarkable accuracy. However, the continuous and surreptitious recording of individuals by these devices and the collecting of sensitive health data without users' knowledge or consent raise serious privacy concerns. Here we explore frugal methods for modifying facial videos to conceal physiological signals while maintaining image quality. Eleven lightweight modification methods, including blurring operations, additive noises, and time-averaging techniques, were evaluated using five different rPPG techniques across four activities: rest, talking, head rotation, and gym. These rPPG methods require minimal computational resources, enabling real-time implementation on low-compute devices. Our results indicate that the time-averaging sliding frame method achieved the greatest balance between preserving the information within the frame and inducing a heart rate error, with an average error of 22 beats per minute (bpm). Further, the facial region of interest was found to be the most effective and to offer the best trade-off between bpm errors and information loss.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A multi-method framework for establishing an angular acceleration reference in sensor calibration and uncertainty quantification. 在传感器标定和不确定度量化中建立角加速度基准的多方法框架。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00384-8

Maximilian Gießler, Bernd Waltersberger, Thomas Götz, Robert Rockenfeller

{"title":"A multi-method framework for establishing an angular acceleration reference in sensor calibration and uncertainty quantification.","authors":"Maximilian Gießler, Bernd Waltersberger, Thomas Götz, Robert Rockenfeller","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00384-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00384-8","url":null,"abstract":"Robots are increasingly being used across various sectors, from industry and healthcare to household applications. In practice, a pivotal challenge is the reaction to unexpected external disturbances, whose real-time feedback often relies on (noisy) sensor measurements. Subsequent inverse-dynamics calculations demand noise-amplifying numerical differentiation, leading to impracticable results. Although much effort has been spent on establishing direct measurement approaches, their measurement uncertainty quantification has not or yet insufficiently been tackled in the literature. Here, we propose a multi-method framework to develop an angular acceleration reference and provide evidence that it can serve as a measurement standard to calibrate various kinematic sensors. Within the framework, we use Monte-Carlo simulations to quantify the uncertainty of a direct measurement sensor recently developed by our team; the inertial measurement cluster (IMC). For angular accelerations up to 21 rad/s2, the standard deviation of the IMC was on average only 0.3 rad/s2 (95% CI: [0.28,0.31] rad/s2), which constitutes a reliable data-sheet record. Further, using least-squares optimization, we show that the deviation of IMC with respect to the reference was not only less on the level of angular acceleration but also on the level of angular velocity and angle, when compared to other direct and indirect measurement methods.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced and directional electroluminescence from MicroLEDs using metallic or dielectric metasurfaces. 使用金属或介电超表面的microled的增强和定向电致发光。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00401-w

Mohamed S Abdelkhalik, Xavier Garcia-Santiago, Thomas-Jan van Raaij, Toni López, Anton Matthijs Berghuis, Lianne M A de Jong, Jaime Gómez Rivas

{"title":"Enhanced and directional electroluminescence from MicroLEDs using metallic or dielectric metasurfaces.","authors":"Mohamed S Abdelkhalik, Xavier Garcia-Santiago, Thomas-Jan van Raaij, Toni López, Anton Matthijs Berghuis, Lianne M A de Jong, Jaime Gómez Rivas","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00401-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00401-w","url":null,"abstract":"Micro light-emitting diode devices (microLEDs) have the potential to lead the next generation of displays. However, their integration for achieving high brightness is severely limited by the challenge of their low external quantum efficiency (EQE). Another limiting factor of such devices is their Lambertian emission, which requires secondary optics to beam the emitted light in defined directions. To address these limitations, we introduce metallic and dielectric metasurfaces to improve light outcoupling efficiency and control the emission directionality of blue LEDs with micrometer size. The proposed mechanism relies on the interaction between light emitted by multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and metasurfaces supporting collective resonances that result from the coupling of localized resonances in nanoparticles throughout the array. We implemented a hexagonal diffraction lattice of resonant Al and SiO2 nanoparticles in LED devices to achieve reshaping of the far-field electroluminescence, thus demonstrating light beam control capabilities on these emitters. To expand and validate the proposed approach for small LED devices (even at the sub-micrometer scale), we integrate a subdiffraction lattice of Al nanoparticles into the device's architecture. Implementing the proposed design allows us to control the generated light and achieve enhanced far-field emission.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One-degree-of-freedom flat-foldable thick-panel origami-kirigami structures: modular arrays and closed polyhedra. 一自由度平面可折叠厚板折纸-基里格纸结构：模块阵列和封闭多面体。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00397-3

Chong Zhao, Enze Cui, Shiyue Zou, Guang Yang, Haifeng Zhao, Qiang Sheng, Lu Zhang, Hongwei Guo, Rongqiang Liu, Guangheng Zhao, Ke Wang

{"title":"One-degree-of-freedom flat-foldable thick-panel origami-kirigami structures: modular arrays and closed polyhedra.","authors":"Chong Zhao, Enze Cui, Shiyue Zou, Guang Yang, Haifeng Zhao, Qiang Sheng, Lu Zhang, Hongwei Guo, Rongqiang Liu, Guangheng Zhao, Ke Wang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00397-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00397-3","url":null,"abstract":"Origami structures hold promising potential in space applications, such as ultra-large-area solar arrays, deployable space stations, and extra-terrestrial modular foldable buildings. However, the development of thick-panel origami structures has been limited, relying on a few typical origami patterns without a comprehensive design theory for multi-crease, multi-vertex thick-panel configurations. Additionally, realizing closed Polyhedra in thick-panel origami presents substantial challenges. Here, we introduce a design methodology inspired by origami and kirigami principles for one-degree-of-freedom (one-DOF) flat-foldable thick-panel origami-kirigami structures, including modular scalable arrays and closed polyhedral structures. The thick-panel origami-kirigami modular scalable arrays incorporate mixed four-crease vertices and (2n + 4)-crease vertices, enabling one-DOF flat-foldability and modular expansion of thick-panel units. The thick-panel origami-kirigami closed polyhedral structures, including tetrahedrons, square pyramids and triangular prisms, possess one-DOF inward-flat-foldability and structural closure after unfolding. This novel design framework for thick-panel origami-kirigami structures is capable of structural design from centimeter to meter scale, validated by kinematic analysis and prototype experiments.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time spatiotemporal optimization during imaging. 成像过程中的实时时空优化。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00391-9

Owen Dillon, Benjamin Lau, Shalini K Vinod, Paul J Keall, Tess Reynolds, Jan-Jakob Sonke, Ricky T O'Brien

{"title":"Real-time spatiotemporal optimization during imaging.","authors":"Owen Dillon, Benjamin Lau, Shalini K Vinod, Paul J Keall, Tess Reynolds, Jan-Jakob Sonke, Ricky T O'Brien","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00391-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00391-9","url":null,"abstract":"High quality imaging is required for high quality medical care, especially in precision applications such as radiation therapy. Patient motion during image acquisition reduces image quality and is either accepted or dealt with retrospectively during image reconstruction. Here we formalize a general approach in which data acquisition is treated as a spatiotemporal optimization problem to solve in real time so that the acquired data has a specific structure that can be exploited during reconstruction. We provide results of the first-in-world clinical trial implementation of our spatiotemporal optimization approach, applied to respiratory correlated 4D cone beam computed tomography for lung cancer radiation therapy (NCT04070586, ethics approval 2019/ETH09968). Performing spatiotemporal optimization allowed us to maintain or improve image quality relative to the current clinical standard while reducing scan time by 63% and reducing scan radiation by 85%, improving clinical throughput and reducing the risk of secondary tumors. This result motivates application of the general spatiotemporal optimization approach to other types of patient motion such as cardiac signals and other modalities such as CT and MRI.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards ubiquitous radio access using nanodiamond based quantum receivers. 利用基于纳米金刚石的量子接收器实现无处不在的无线电接入。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00396-4

Qunsong Zeng, Jiahua Zhang, Madhav Gupta, Zhiqin Chu, Kaibin Huang

{"title":"Towards ubiquitous radio access using nanodiamond based quantum receivers.","authors":"Qunsong Zeng, Jiahua Zhang, Madhav Gupta, Zhiqin Chu, Kaibin Huang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00396-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00396-4","url":null,"abstract":"The development of sixth-generation wireless communication systems demands innovative solutions to address challenges in the deployment of a large number of base stations and the detection of multi-band signals. Quantum technology, specifically nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds, offers promising potential for the development of compact, robust receivers capable of supporting multiple users. Here we propose a multiple access scheme using fluorescent nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy centers as nano-antennas. The unique response of each nanodiamond to applied microwaves allows for distinguishable patterns of fluorescence intensities, enabling multi-user signal demodulation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our nanodiamonds-implemented receiver by simultaneously transmitting two uncoded digitally modulated information bit streams from two separate transmitters, achieving a low bit error ratio. Moreover, our design supports tunable frequency band communication and reference-free signal decoupling, reducing communication overhead. Furthermore, we implement a miniaturized device comprising all essential components, highlighting its practicality as a receiver serving multiple users simultaneously. This approach enables the integration of quantum sensing technologies into future wireless communication networks.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Insights from a multiscale framework on metabolic rate variation driving glioblastoma multiforme growth and invasion. 作者更正：从代谢率变化驱动胶质母细胞瘤多形性生长和侵袭的多尺度框架的见解。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00399-1

Meitham Amereh, Shahla Shojaei, Amir Seyfoori, Tavia Walsh, Prashant Dogra, Vittorio Cristini, Ben Nadler, Mohsen Akbari

引用次数: 0

Addressing optical modulator non-linearities for photonic neural networks. 光子神经网络的光调制器非线性寻址。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00395-5

Peter Seigo Kincaid, Nicola Andriolli, Giampiero Contestabile, Lorenzo De Marinis

{"title":"Addressing optical modulator non-linearities for photonic neural networks.","authors":"Peter Seigo Kincaid, Nicola Andriolli, Giampiero Contestabile, Lorenzo De Marinis","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00395-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00395-5","url":null,"abstract":"Within the context of neuromorphic computing, analog photonics, especially after the advent of photonic integrated technologies, offers unparalleled computing speeds per core, and the reduction of size and power consumption compared to digital electronics. However, the functionality of analog systems is limited by noise and non-linear distortions, which degrade signal resolution. Here, a method is presented for analyzing and minimizing the effect of non-linearities associated with the optical power transfer function of a generic modulator, to inform choices of design and operation conditions. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer, micro-ring modulator, and ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer are compared using this method. The analysis is applied to compare three analog photonic processor architectures for machine learning applications, based on wavelength, space, and time division multiplexing. Our results indicate that despite the lower maximum resolution exhibited by Mach-Zehnder interferometers, they are the most balanced choice for space and time division multiplexing architectures due to stability and power consumption.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Touchscreen communication (ToSCom): Electro-Quasistatic body communication during touch sensing. 触屏通信（ToSCom）：触摸感应过程中的电-准静态身体通信。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00380-y

Arunashish Datta, David Yang, Shovan Maity, Shreyas Sen

{"title":"Touchscreen communication (ToSCom): Electro-Quasistatic body communication during touch sensing.","authors":"Arunashish Datta, David Yang, Shovan Maity, Shreyas Sen","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00380-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00380-y","url":null,"abstract":"Touchscreens are a fundamental technology for human society providing the primary gateway for human-machine interaction. Today's touchscreens can only be used to detect touch and provide the location of the user's touch input but not to simultaneously communicate digital data during a touch event through the touchscreen. If communication through a touchscreen can be enabled, it promises deep societal impact by augmenting the most popular Human-Computer-Interaction interface with new possibilities such as a single application on the same device opening up personalized user-specific account data depending on the person interacting with the application. Leveraging advances in Electro-Quasistatic field based communication in the past decade, we propose and demonstrate Touchscreen Communication (ToSCom), a high-speed (>Mbps) simultaneous communication and touch sensing interface. We develop a low path loss channel across the entire touchscreen surface enabling 3 Mbps data rate communication with an average bit-error-rate of less than 5 × 10-7 through the touchscreen surface simultaneously during touch sensing. ToSCom enables a wide range of possibilities in day-to-day life like in wearable devices like transactions in a Point-of-Sale system, audio/image file transfer, and viewing personalized data in touchscreen kiosks.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of low-temperature catalytic cracking of polyolefin waste in open-batch reactors using zeolite beta with controlled intrinsic properties. 利用控制本征性质的沸石优化开批式反应器低温催化裂化聚烯烃废弃物。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00392-8

Hankyeul Kang, Junghwa Yoon, Dongwoo Jun, Ki Hyuk Kang, Insoo Ro, Soohwa Jeong, Jong Hun Kang

{"title":"Optimization of low-temperature catalytic cracking of polyolefin waste in open-batch reactors using zeolite beta with controlled intrinsic properties.","authors":"Hankyeul Kang, Junghwa Yoon, Dongwoo Jun, Ki Hyuk Kang, Insoo Ro, Soohwa Jeong, Jong Hun Kang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00392-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00392-8","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental problems are worsening due to the complexity in managing plastic waste. Chemical recycling emerges as a pivotal technology that can suppress carbon introduction into the carbon cycle and provide petroleum alternatives for current petrochemical processes. The utilization of zeolites can reduce energy consumption by lowering the operation temperature for pyrolysis. Here, we demonstrate low-temperature catalytic cracking of polyethylene (PE) utilizing an open-batch reactor configuration and *BEA-type zeolite catalysts. With the optimized open-batch setup and zeolites, high PE conversion (~80%) and liquid selectivity (~70%) were achieved at 330 °C. We systematically explored the effects of aluminum (Al) site density and crystal size, revealing that zeolite crystal size is another critical factor determining the liquid production. This work not only demonstrates that an effective combination and optimization of reactor and catalysts can enhance the overall catalytic activity but also offers insights into designing catalysis systems for effective recycling of polyolefin wastes.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0