Communications engineering最新文献_第5页

High-capacity phase-sensitively amplified transmission in a field-deployed fiber cable. 现场部署光缆中的高容量相敏放大传输。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00462-x

Zhirong Chen, Xiaojie Guo, Yingyu Chen, Yongguang Xiao, Jingshun Pan, Zhengyong Liu, Chao Lu, Zhaohui Li

{"title":"High-capacity phase-sensitively amplified transmission in a field-deployed fiber cable.","authors":"Zhirong Chen, Xiaojie Guo, Yingyu Chen, Yongguang Xiao, Jingshun Pan, Zhengyong Liu, Chao Lu, Zhaohui Li","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00462-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00462-x","url":null,"abstract":"Phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) outperform conventional phase-insensitive amplifiers by enhancing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through distinct gains for deterministic signal and stochastic noise depending on their phase features. Yet despite this potential, the practical implementation of PSAs in deployed fiber transmission systems remains under-explored. Here we present the field trial of high-capacity phase-sensitively amplified transmission in a field-deployed optical fiber cable. Same-wavelength bi-directional transmission of wavelength-division-multiplexing signals is utilized to increase the capacity in one fiber core. A wideband PSA based on periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides is demonstrated as a pre-amplifier at the receiver, which both increases the signal power and improves the SNR by mitigating the interference crosstalk primarily caused by Rayleigh backscattering along the fiber. A net transmission capacity of 10.944 Tb·s-1 and a net capacity-distance product of 541.728 Tb·s-1·km are achieved, which exceed the results of prior studies in phase-sensitively amplified transmission. These results confirm the favorable performance of PSA-based pre-amplification for large-capacity optical fiber transmission in real deployment.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and application of a realistic and multifunctional retinal phantom for standardizing ophthalmic imaging systems. 用于标准化眼科成像系统的逼真多功能视网膜假体的设计与应用。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00475-6

Hyun-Ji Lee, Tae Geol Lee, Il Doh, Sang-Won Lee

{"title":"Design and application of a realistic and multifunctional retinal phantom for standardizing ophthalmic imaging systems.","authors":"Hyun-Ji Lee, Tae Geol Lee, Il Doh, Sang-Won Lee","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00475-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00475-6","url":null,"abstract":"Retinal imaging is essential for diagnosing and treating retinal diseases. However, the lack of standardized and realistic optical phantoms limits the calibration and validation of imaging systems. Here we developed a realistic retinal phantom based on the concept of a super phantom designed to replicate the morphological and functional characteristics of the human retina. The phantom comprises a 13-layered structure, microfluidic channels to emulate vascular networks in the human retina, and fluorescent microbeads to replicate retinal autofluorescence. We validated the measurement of axial resolution, depth range, and field-of-view of optical coherence tomography (OCT) using the phantom. In addition, we confirmed the utility of the phantom across multiple ophthalmic imaging modalities, including OCT, OCT angiography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. Imaging systems will be able to enhance the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of retinal diseases by standardizing imaging systems with this phantom and improving both the qualitative analysis and the accuracy of quantitative parameters, such as retinal thickness.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transforming label-efficient decoding of healthcare wearables with self-supervised learning and "embedded" medical domain expertise. 通过自我监督学习和“嵌入式”医疗领域专业知识，转变医疗可穿戴设备的标签高效解码。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00467-6

Xiao Gu, Zhangdaihong Liu, Jinpei Han, Jianing Qiu, Wenfei Fang, Lei Lu, Lei Clifton, Yuan-Ting Zhang, David A Clifton

{"title":"Transforming label-efficient decoding of healthcare wearables with self-supervised learning and \"embedded\" medical domain expertise.","authors":"Xiao Gu, Zhangdaihong Liu, Jinpei Han, Jianing Qiu, Wenfei Fang, Lei Lu, Lei Clifton, Yuan-Ting Zhang, David A Clifton","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00467-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00467-6","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare wearables are transforming health monitoring, generating vast and complex data in everyday free-living environments. While supervised deep learning has enabled tremendous advances in interpreting such data, it remains heavily dependent on large labeled datasets, which are often difficult and expensive to obtain in clinical practice. Self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL) provides a promising alternative by learning from unlabeled data, but conventional SSCL frequently overlooks important physiological similarities by treating all non-identical instances as unrelated, which can result in suboptimal representations. In this study, we revisit the enduring value of domain knowledge \"embedded\" in traditional domain feature engineering pipelines and demonstrate how it can be used to guide SSCL. We introduce a framework that integrates clinically meaningful features-such as heart rate variability from electrocardiograms (ECGs)-into the contrastive learning process. These features guide the formation of more relevant positive pairs through nearest-neighbor matching and promote global structure through clustering-based prototype representations. Evaluated across diverse wearable technologies, our method achieves comparable performance with only 10% labeled data, compared to conventional SSCL approaches with full annotations for fine-tuning. This work highlights the indispensable and sustainable role of domain expertise in advancing machine learning for real-world healthcare, especially for healthcare wearables.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible eddy current array measurement system for crack detection in weld zones of steel structures. 用于钢结构焊缝裂纹检测的柔性涡流阵列测量系统。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00472-9

Le Quang Trung, Nguyen Duc Khuong, Tran Thi Hoai Dung, Naoya Kasai, Tran Mach Tuan Kiet, Kouichi Sekino, Honoka Fukuda

{"title":"Flexible eddy current array measurement system for crack detection in weld zones of steel structures.","authors":"Le Quang Trung, Nguyen Duc Khuong, Tran Thi Hoai Dung, Naoya Kasai, Tran Mach Tuan Kiet, Kouichi Sekino, Honoka Fukuda","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00472-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00472-9","url":null,"abstract":"Crack detection in weld zones of steel structures is essential for ensuring structural safety and reliability. Eddy current (EC) testing is widely used due to its non-contact nature and high sensitivity to surface and sub-surface cracks. This study reports a flexible eddy current array (FECA) sensor with six bendable channels designed to detect surface and sub-surface cracks in the weld zones of steel structures. The excitation coils are connected in series to enhance signal intensity, while interleaved detection coils minimize lift-off effects and improve sensitivity. A real-time measurement system was developed by integrating the FECA sensor with a LabVIEW-based digital lock-in amplifier. Experiments using 500 kHz and 5 kHz excitation frequencies demonstrated effective detection of surface and sub-surface cracks, respectively, including under zinc coatings. Despite manual scanning, stable and repeatable signals were recorded across multiple channels. The proposed system offers high sensitivity, real-time capability, and adaptability to complex geometries.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and fabrication of a low-cost liquid optical waveguide for augmented reality. 用于增强现实的低成本液体光波导的设计与制造。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00469-4

Dechuan Sun, Gregory Tanyi, Alan Lee, Chris French, Younger Liang, Christina Lim, Ranjith R Unnithan

{"title":"Design and fabrication of a low-cost liquid optical waveguide for augmented reality.","authors":"Dechuan Sun, Gregory Tanyi, Alan Lee, Chris French, Younger Liang, Christina Lim, Ranjith R Unnithan","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00469-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00469-4","url":null,"abstract":"The design and production of augmented reality (AR) waveguide combiners face considerable challenges due to the intricate nature of conventional fabrication techniques and the need for high precision. To overcome these obstacles, the field requires rapid prototyping methods that enable researchers and engineers to swiftly explore various designs and configurations, thereby accelerating the development process. Here, we have developed a cost-effective method for fabricating liquid geometric waveguide combiners for AR applications using silicone oil as the medium, leveraging the capabilities of Polyjet 3D printing. During the design phase, we optimized the structure of the waveguide combiner to facilitate easier fabrication. Our proposed method simplifies the production process by removing the need for complicated steps like dicing, layer bonding, and polishing, which are usually involved in traditional manufacturing techniques. We conducted optical simulations and developed a prototype using our patented fabrication method, successfully demonstrating its feasibility for rapid prototyping.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scorecard for synthetic medical data evaluation. 用于综合医疗数据评估的记分卡。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00450-1

Ghada Zamzmi, Adarsh Subbaswamy, Elena Sizikova, Edward Margerrison, Jana G Delfino, Aldo Badano

引用次数: 0

Aerodynamic significance of mass distribution on diverse samara descent behaviors. 质量分布对翅果降落行为的气动意义。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00465-8

Zhao-Bang Hou, Jun-Duo Zhang, Yun-Da Li, Yong-Xia Jia, Wei-Xi Huang

引用次数: 0

Explainability in the age of large language models for healthcare. 医疗保健大语言模型时代的可解释性。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00453-y

Munib Mesinovic, Peter Watkinson, Tingting Zhu

引用次数: 0

Shape memory alloys for cryogenic actuators. 低温执行器用形状记忆合金。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00464-9

Shunsuke Sato, Hirobumi Tobe, Kenichiro Sawada, Chihiro Tokoku, Takao Nakagawa, Eiichi Sato, Yoshikazu Araki, Sheng Xu, Xiao Xu, Toshihiro Omori, Ryosuke Kainuma

{"title":"Shape memory alloys for cryogenic actuators.","authors":"Shunsuke Sato, Hirobumi Tobe, Kenichiro Sawada, Chihiro Tokoku, Takao Nakagawa, Eiichi Sato, Yoshikazu Araki, Sheng Xu, Xiao Xu, Toshihiro Omori, Ryosuke Kainuma","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00464-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00464-9","url":null,"abstract":"Actuators are widely used in various mechanical products. However, there have been no actuators that can exhibit high actuation stresses and strains at cryogenic temperatures. Although shape memory alloys (SMAs) are attractive candidates for thermally driven actuators with high actuation stresses and strains, the operation of conventional SMAs is limited to a narrow temperature range near the room temperature. Here, we report the shape memory effect under tensile conditions with a high work output across a wide temperature range of 50-270 K in Cu-Al-Mn-based alloys. In addition, a mechanical heat switch using Cu-Al-Mn was designed for thermal insulation in space infrared telescope, and we demonstrated the operation at around 100 K. These results indicate that Cu-Al-Mn SMAs are potential cryogenic actuators with high actuation stress and strain that would contribute to the development of low temperature technologies in various fields including space astronomy, superconductivity, and liquefied gas industry.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging satellite observations and machine learning for underwater sound speed estimation. 利用卫星观测和机器学习进行水下声速估计。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00459-6

Madusanka Madiligama, Zheguang Zou, Likun Zhang

{"title":"Leveraging satellite observations and machine learning for underwater sound speed estimation.","authors":"Madusanka Madiligama, Zheguang Zou, Likun Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00459-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00459-6","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater acoustics plays a vital role in climate science, marine ecosystems, environmental monitoring, mineral exploration, and oceanography. Accurate underwater sound speed data is crucial for acoustic modeling and applications such as sonar systems. However, limited data and computational constraints hinder real-time, high-resolution mapping of three-dimensional sound speed fields. We present an integrated approach that combines remote sensing, machine learning, and underwater acoustics to estimate sound speed across vast ocean regions. By analyzing sea surface temperature and salinity from satellite observations, we use machine learning to rapidly and accurately predict 3D underwater sound speed. Incorporating spatial and temporal variables enables detailed, real-time mapping. Validation against in-situ profiles and Argo float data confirms the model's accuracy across seasons, regions, and timeframes. This approach advances underwater sound speed prediction beyond traditional limits. Acoustic propagation modeling further demonstrates the potential of our model for applications in underwater detection, communication, and noise analysis.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12263853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0