Communications engineering最新文献_第5页

Rapid in-air ultrasound holography measurement and camera-in-the-loop generation using thermography. 快速空中超声全息测量和热成像在环相机生成。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00439-w

Zak Morgan, Youngjun Cho, Sriram Subramanian

{"title":"Rapid in-air ultrasound holography measurement and camera-in-the-loop generation using thermography.","authors":"Zak Morgan, Youngjun Cho, Sriram Subramanian","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00439-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00439-w","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound holography, pivotal in applications like mid-air haptics, volumetric displays and 3D printing, faces challenges in the crafting and timely measurement of precise acoustic holograms. Current methods, bench-marked via simulations due to slow measurement times, often neglect real-world complexities such as non-linearity and hardware tolerances, leading to discrepancies between predicted and observed results. Here we introduce a real-time 2D thermographic measurement technique orders of magnitude faster than microphone scans, although with reduced accuracy and no phase information, with a maximum peak pressure of 4.25 kPa validated and a demonstrated average accuracy of 2.5% in peak measurement. Higher pressures of approximately 12 kpa were captured, but validation was limited by the microphone. This method is grounded in thermo-viscous acoustic models for thin-ducts and micro-perforated plates. Finally, we integrate this with holography algorithms to propose a camera-in-the-loop algorithm that employs real-time measurement, enabling targeted data acquisition and on-line training of acoustic holography algorithms. This method achieved a 1.7% error in pressure with a single point compared to 7.8% for a conventional algorithm, and a 3.6% error and 4.2% standard deviation for 16 points compared to 9.7% and 6.9%. We further envisage this method as being capable of measuring acoustic streaming.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-intelligence driven methods for durability, damage diagnosis and performance prediction of concrete structures. 混凝土结构耐久性、损伤诊断和性能预测的数据智能驱动方法。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00431-4

Fan Li, Daming Luo, Ditao Niu

{"title":"Data-intelligence driven methods for durability, damage diagnosis and performance prediction of concrete structures.","authors":"Fan Li, Daming Luo, Ditao Niu","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00431-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00431-4","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of in-service reinforced concrete structures are now entering the mid-to-late stages of their service life. Efficient detection of damage characteristics and accurate prediction of material performance degradation have become essential for ensuring the safety of these structures. Traditional damage detection methods, which primarily rely on manual inspections and sensor monitoring, are inefficient and lack accuracy. Similarly, performance prediction models for reinforced concrete materials, which are often based on limited experimental data and polynomial fitting, oversimplify the influencing factors. In contrast, partial differential equation models that account for degradation mechanisms are computationally intensive and difficult to solve. Recent advancements in deep learning and machine learning, as part of artificial intelligence, have introduced innovative approaches for both damage detection and material performance prediction in reinforced concrete structures. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of machine learning and deep learning theories and models, and reviews the current research on their application to the durability of reinforced concrete structures, focusing on two main areas: intelligent damage detection and predictive modeling of material durability. Finally, the article discusses future trends and offers insights into the intelligent innovation of concrete structure durability.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acoustic hologram-enabled simultaneous multi-target blood-brain barrier opening (AH-SiMBO). 声全息图同时开启多靶点血脑屏障（AH-SiMBO）。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00428-z

Xinya Yao, Xiangkun Piao, Shulong Hong, Chenyu Ji, Mingyu Wang, Yan Wei, Zhouyang Xu, Jia-Ji Pan, Yanbo Pei, Bingbing Cheng

{"title":"Acoustic hologram-enabled simultaneous multi-target blood-brain barrier opening (AH-SiMBO).","authors":"Xinya Yao, Xiangkun Piao, Shulong Hong, Chenyu Ji, Mingyu Wang, Yan Wei, Zhouyang Xu, Jia-Ji Pan, Yanbo Pei, Bingbing Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00428-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00428-z","url":null,"abstract":"Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening enables targeted brain drug delivery. However, achieving simultaneous multi-target BBB opening across various depths and regions remains challenging and cost-prohibitive. Here we address these challenges by employing encoded acoustic holograms combined with a single-element plane-wave transducer to generate precise focused acoustic fields. The holograms designed using an iterative angular spectrum approach and fabricated via 3D printing produce single or multiple foci at different depths and regions, which are confirmed by simulations and hydrophone-based measurements. Beam steering capability is demonstrated and further validated in vivo. We design a hologram with less than 10% variation in amplitude across different foci and successfully achieve biplane multi-target ( ≥3) BBB opening in the bilateral hippocampus and medial septum of mice in a single sonication session with no adverse effects. This innovative acoustic holographic approach for simultaneous multi-target BBB opening is time-efficient and cost-effective, presenting broad potential applications in brain drug delivery and neuromodulation.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A polymer-based MEMS loudspeaker featuring a partially stiffened membrane actuated by a PZT thin film. 一种基于聚合物的MEMS扬声器，具有由PZT薄膜驱动的部分加强膜。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00438-x

Romain Liechti, Christel Dieppedale, Timothée Rotrou, Gwenaël Le Rhun

{"title":"A polymer-based MEMS loudspeaker featuring a partially stiffened membrane actuated by a PZT thin film.","authors":"Romain Liechti, Christel Dieppedale, Timothée Rotrou, Gwenaël Le Rhun","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00438-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00438-x","url":null,"abstract":"Miniaturized loudspeakers are increasingly relevant for wearable and transparent electronics, but achieving consistent acoustic performance, particularly at low frequencies, remains a challenge. Here we show a polymer-based loudspeaker that features a partially stiffened membrane actuated by a transferred thin film of lead zirconate titanate. The flexible polymer reduces overall stiffness, while the localized stiffening broadens the frequency response. The piezoelectric film is integrated through a transfer process that employs a donor substrate. We evaluate functionality through electrical, mechanical, acoustic, and optical measurements, including sound pressure level and resonance frequency, in both open field and in-ear conditions. The results confirm the device's ability to operate under different acoustic loads and demonstrate compatibility of the fabrication process with flexible and transparent substrates. This approach enables the integration of transparent piezoelectric actuators and is suitable for compact, bendable, and optically transparent audio systems.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible screen-printed sic-based humidity sensors. 柔性丝网印刷硅基湿度传感器。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00425-2

Arjun Wadhwa, Alexandre Perrotton, Mohamad Hassan Taherian, Abbas Zirakjou, Jaime Benavides-Guerrero, Mathieu Gratuze, Fabrice Vaussenat, Martin Bolduc, Sylvain G Cloutier

{"title":"Flexible screen-printed sic-based humidity sensors.","authors":"Arjun Wadhwa, Alexandre Perrotton, Mohamad Hassan Taherian, Abbas Zirakjou, Jaime Benavides-Guerrero, Mathieu Gratuze, Fabrice Vaussenat, Martin Bolduc, Sylvain G Cloutier","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00425-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00425-2","url":null,"abstract":"Humidity sensors are essential components in modern technology, spanning applications from residential appliances to the Internet of Things (IoT). However, conventional commercial sensors are typically rigid, constrained by narrow relative humidity (%RH) operating ranges, and require complex fabrication processes. In this study, we present a highly sensitive cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) nanoparticle-based relative humidity sensor, fabricated via serigraphic printing on to 5 mil thick flexible polyimide (Kapton®) substrate. Devices are tested across a broad humidity range of 10-90%RH at ambient temperature and their performance is evaluated in a controlled humidity chamber. The sensor exhibits a robust response of 45.2% R/R0, with a sensitivity of 5.34 Ω/%RH, an adsorption time of 18 seconds, and a desorption time of 46 seconds. Additionally, the device demonstrates low hysteresis of 6.5% at 60%RH, with excellent repeatability and stability over 3.5 hours of continuous cycling. To showcase their potential for real-world applications, the printed sensors are integrated into a commercial KN95 mask for monitoring respiration parameters, such as respiration rate. This integration highlights the potential for future exploration in human health monitoring, utilizing fully printed, low-cost sensing devices.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What makes a great engineering paper? Editorial insights into impact. 是什么造就了一篇优秀的工程论文？编辑对影响力的见解。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00433-2

引用次数: 0

Orbital debris requires prevention and mitigation across the satellite life cycle. 需要在整个卫星生命周期内预防和减缓轨道碎片。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00430-5

Mia M Bennett

引用次数: 0

Industrial-scale prediction of cement clinker phases using machine learning. 利用机器学习对水泥熟料相进行工业规模预测。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00432-3

Sheikh Junaid Fayaz, Néstor Montiel-Bohórquez, Shashank Bishnoi, Matteo Romano, Manuele Gatti, N M Anoop Krishnan

{"title":"Industrial-scale prediction of cement clinker phases using machine learning.","authors":"Sheikh Junaid Fayaz, Néstor Montiel-Bohórquez, Shashank Bishnoi, Matteo Romano, Manuele Gatti, N M Anoop Krishnan","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00432-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00432-3","url":null,"abstract":"Cement production exceeds 4.1 billion tonnes annually, emitting 2.4 billion tonnes of CO2 annually, necessitating improved process control. Traditional models, limited to steady-state conditions, lack predictive accuracy for clinker mineralogical phases. Here, using a comprehensive two-year industrial dataset, we develop machine learning models that outperform conventional Bogue equations with mean absolute percentage errors of 1.24%, 6.77%, and 2.53% for alite, belite, and ferrite prediction respectively, compared to 7.79%, 22.68%, and 24.54% for Bogue calculations. Our models remain robust under varying operations and are evaluated for uncertainty and rare-event scenarios. Through post hoc explainable algorithms, we interpret the hierarchical relationships between clinker oxides and phase formation, providing insights into the functioning of an otherwise black-box model. The framework can potentially enable real-time optimization of cement production, thereby providing a route toward reducing material waste and ensuring quality while reducing the associated emissions under real-world conditions.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low power, non-intrusive 3D localization for underwater mobile robots. 低功耗、非侵入式水下移动机器人三维定位。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00422-5

Suryansh Sharma, Daniel Van Passen, R Venkatesha Prasad, Kaushik Chowdhury

{"title":"Low power, non-intrusive 3D localization for underwater mobile robots.","authors":"Suryansh Sharma, Daniel Van Passen, R Venkatesha Prasad, Kaushik Chowdhury","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00422-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00422-5","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) face persistent challenges in localization compared to their counterparts on the ground due to limitations with methods like Global Positioning System (GPS). We propose a novel system for localization, Pisces, that leverages the Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Received Signal Strength Ratio (RSSR) of robot-mounted blue LED signals. This method provides a spectrally efficient training-free solution for estimating 3D underwater positions. The system remains effective despite high water turbidity with a relatively low impact on marine life compared to similar acoustic methods. Pisces is less complex, computationally efficient, and uses less power than camera-based solutions. Pisces enables robust relative localization, especially in swarms of robots with the potential for additional applications like docking. We demonstrate high localization accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.031 m at 0.32 m separation and 0.16 m MAE at 1 m separation. Moreover, it achieved this with minimal power consumption, utilizing only 11 mA of transmitter LED current and performing 3D localization within 10 ms for distances up to 3 m.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum transport through a constriction in nanosheet gate-all-around transistors. 纳米片栅全能晶体管中的量子输运。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00435-0

Kyoung Yeon Kim, Hong-Hyun Park, Seonghoon Jin, Uihui Kwon, Woosung Choi, Dae Sin Kim

{"title":"Quantum transport through a constriction in nanosheet gate-all-around transistors.","authors":"Kyoung Yeon Kim, Hong-Hyun Park, Seonghoon Jin, Uihui Kwon, Woosung Choi, Dae Sin Kim","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00435-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00435-0","url":null,"abstract":"In nanoscale transistors, quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling and quantization significantly influence device characteristics. However, large-scale quantum transport simulation remains a challenging field, making it difficult to account for quantum mechanical effects arising from the complex device geometries. Here, based on large-scale quantum transport simulations, we demonstrate that quantum geometrical effects in stacked nanosheet GAAFETs significantly impact carrier injection characteristics. Discontinuities in confinement energy at the constriction-the junction between the bulk source/drain and nanosheet channel-cause substantial carrier backscattering. This degradation becomes more severe as electrons experience higher effective energy barriers, and is further exacerbated at lower scattering rate, lower doping concentrations, and near Schottky barriers where electron depletion regions form. Considering these quantum mechanical bottlenecks, proper device optimization for future technology nodes requires a full quantum-based device structure design at the large-scale level, which enables unique optimization strategies beyond conventional classical prediction.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0