ADMET and DMPK最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous determination of epinephrine and folic acid using MIL-101 (Fe)-NH₂ metal-organic framework/graphene oxide nanocomposite modified electrode.","authors":"Rasha Kareem Khundhur","doi":"10.5599/admet.2762","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>It is generally known that the majority of disorders exhibit symptoms to some degree when the quantities of two crucial substances, epinephrine and folic acid, are low or high. These two chemicals' composition variations may be tracked and utilized to identify conditions such as myocardial infarction, Parkinson's disease, and mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>Using a solvothermal technique, we propose the synthesis of a novel MIL-101 (Fe)-NH₂ metal-organic framework/graphene oxide nanocomposite (MOF/GO nanocomposite). The produced nanocomposite's morphology was examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. A straightforward, quick, and sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for epinephrine detection was then created by drop-casting the produced MOF/GO nanocomposite onto the screen-printed electrode (SPE).</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Compared to unmodified SPE, cyclic voltammetry revealed that the MOF/GO/SPE considerably enhanced the epinephrine oxidation process, exhibiting a greater detection current at a lower over-potential. The synergistic combination of MOF and GO sheets may cause this discovery. With a low detection limit of 0.07 μM, the MOF/GO/SPE sensor's linear response for voltammetric measurements of epinephrine was found to be between 0.2 and 500.0 μM. A modified electrode was also utilized to measure folic acid and epinephrine simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lastly, the modified SPE effectively demonstrates its high accuracy in identifying folic acid and epinephrine in biological and pharmaceutical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuneable carbon dots coated iron oxide nanoparticles as superior <i>T</i> ₁ contrast agent for multimodal imaging.","authors":"Anbazhagan Thirumalai, Palani Sharmiladevi, Koyeli Girigoswami, Alex Daniel Prabhu, Agnishwar Girigoswami","doi":"10.5599/admet.2790","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles garner heightened interest for prospective biomedical applications, including medical imaging and medication administration, owing to their synergistic benefits of constituent components. Therefore, we demonstrated an optimized protocol for synthesizing magnetofluorescent nanohybrids comprising fluorescent carbon dots with magnetic nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>Carbon dot-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (CDs@Fe₂O₃) were synthesized with varying citric acid concentrations by a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method for the development of a low-cost and biocompatible contrast agent (CA) for enhanced multimodal imaging (fluorescent and <i>T</i> ₁ and <i>T</i> ₂ weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) to replace the conventional CAs.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The physicochemical characterization of the synthesized CDs@Fe₂O₃ revealed that 3 g of citric acid used for the synthesis of nanoparticles, keeping Fe(II) and Fe(III) ratio 1:2 provides higher stability of -78 mV zeta potential, saturation magnetization of 24 emu/g, with a hydrodynamic diameter of 68 nm. Carbon coating affects surface spins on Fe₂O₃, resulting in fewer surface-based relaxation centres, making <i>T</i> ₁ relaxation relatively more prominent. Furthermore, the surface-engineered iron oxide NPs are efficient in producing both <i>T</i> ₁ and <i>T</i> ₂ weighted MRI as well as fluorescence-based imaging. The molar relaxivity and molar radiant efficiency derived from phantom studies demonstrate their effectiveness in multimodal medical imaging. The cytotoxicity assay, haemolysis assay, haematology, and histopathology studies show that the optimized CDs@Fe₂O₃ are biocompatible, haemocompatible, and negligibly toxic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We can conclude the significant potency of CDs@Fe₂O₃ for multimodal diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas9-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of <i>katG</i> gene mutations in isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis.","authors":"Dika Apriliana Wulandari, Muhammad Ihda Hamlu Liwaissunati Zein, Salma Nur Zakiyyah, Safri Ishmayana, Mehmet Ozsoz, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, Irkham","doi":"10.5599/admet.2766","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant challenge in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, driven by simultaneous mutations in the <i>rpoB</i> and <i>katG</i> genes that confer resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. While many molecular diagnostic tools focus on <i>rpoB</i>, the <i>katG</i> gene is often overlooked despite its critical role in confirming MDR-TB. This study aims to develop a CRISPR/Cas9-based electrochemical biosensor for the rapid and selective detection of <i>katG</i> mutation.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>A guide RNA (gRNA) specific to the mutation site on <i>katG</i> gene was designed using the Benchling CRISPR tool, considering on-target and off-target scores, specificity, and cleavage sites within the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> genome. The selected gRNA achieved the highest on-target score of 61.2 and an off-target score of 49.0 at cut position 2928, with a PAM sequence of AGG. Its cleavage efficiency was validated experimentally using an electrochemical biosensing platform incorporating a gold-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE/Au). Redox response enhancement by [Fe(CN₆)]^3-/4- confirmed the improved performance of the electrode.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The biosensor system detects the target DNA through hybridization with DNA probe-Fc, forming double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) that is recognized and cleaved by the Cas9/gRNA complex. This cleavage significantly reduces the ferrocene oxidation signal, indicating the presence of a <i>katG</i> mutation. Non-mutated target DNA produces a nondetectable ferrocene signal, suggesting that the Cas9 enzyme may remain bound to the electrode without cleavage. The CRISPR/Cas9 electrochemical biosensor demonstrated a low detection limit of 7.5530 aM and a detection range of 10¹ to 10⁶ aM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CRISPR/Cas9-based electrochemical biosensor exhibits high sensitivity and specificity for the detection <i>katG</i> mutation, offering a promising platform for rapid MDR-TB diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between A3243G and G9053A mtDNA mutations and ATP levels in diabetes mellitus patients using qPCR and electrochemical aptasensors.","authors":"Iman Permana Maksum, Rahmaniar Mulyani, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, Irkham, Fanny Rizki Rahmadanthi, Serly Zuliska, Toto Subroto","doi":"10.5599/admet.2767","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations can impair oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mtDNA mutations and ATP levels in blood and urine samples from T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>Samples from 60 patients (30 with T2DM + mitochondrial disease [MD] phenotype and 30 with T2DM alone) were analysed. mtDNA mutations A3243G and G9053A were detected using qPCR with dual-labeled probes (FAM for mutant, HEX for wild type) based on <i>C</i>q comparisons. ATP concentrations were measured using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE)-based electrochemical aptasensor.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The A3243G mutation was more frequent and had higher heteroplasmy levels than G9053A, particularly in the T2DM + MD group. Although no statistically significant differences in ATP levels were observed between groups, descriptive ranges showed lower ATP concentrations in the T2DM + MD group (314 to 919 μM) compared to the T2DM group (746 to 1130 μM), both below the physiological range (1.500 to 1.900 μM). A similar pattern was found for A3243G mutation levels, while G9053A levels overlapped between groups. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant association between mutation presence and reduced ATP levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The A3243G mutation may be more directly associated with mitochondrial ATP depletion in T2DM, while the role of G9053A remains inconclusive. This study highlights the potential of combining molecular and electrochemical tools to assess mitochondrial contributions in diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic insights into the warfarin-mango interaction: A pilot study integrating clinical observations and metabolomics.","authors":"Piyapat Rattanasuwan, Prem Lertpongpipat, Natthapat Hiranchatchawal, Konwalin Wannaphueak, Sakonwan Pounghom, Parinya Thongkhao-On, Matchuda Suwanthai, Duangthip Sompradee, Auiporn Saithongdee, Churdsak Jaikang, Preechaya Tajai","doi":"10.5599/admet.2740","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Warfarin is a widely prescribed oral anticoagulant for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events, frequently used in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, its effectiveness is often challenged by a narrow therapeutic range and significant inter-patient variability in dosage requirements and treatment responses. Drug interactions remain a critical concern, as they heighten the risk of supratherapeutic anticoagulation. Reports of interactions between warfarin and mango have documented cases of elevated international normalized ratio (INR) following mango consumption, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>This study investigates the molecular basis of the warfarin-mango interaction using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR)-based metabolomics. In a pre-post design study, plasma samples were collected from patients on long-term warfarin therapy (>6 months) who exhibited supratherapeutic INR levels after consuming mango. After a two-week discontinuation of mango consumption, additional plasma samples were collected once INR levels returned to the therapeutic range.</p><p><strong>Key results and conclusion: </strong>This is the first study to utilize ¹H-NMR metabolomics to explore warfarin-mango interactions, integrating clinical observations with metabolic insights. Findings suggest that a reduction in glycerol 3-phosphate may impair glycolysis, disrupting platelet activation and contributing to the elevated INR levels observed in all patients. These results underscore the potential for ¹H-NMR metabolomics to elucidate drug-food interactions, advancing personalized anticoagulant management and improving patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection of illegal selective androgen receptor modulators in unregistered supplements using a combination of selected solid-state analytical methods.","authors":"Izabela Jendrzejewska, Lubos Cehlarik, Tomasz Goryczka, Ewa Pietrasik, Natalia Pawlik, Josef Jampilek","doi":"10.5599/admet.2685","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Pharmaceutical crime is becoming an increasingly serious threat. For customs officers and police officers, minimal or no sample preparation before analysis is essential when detecting prohibited compounds/counterfeit products, ideally using on-site analysis.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>Unregistered dietary supplements containing anabolic substances, specifically selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) such as andarine, ligandrol, ostarine, and testolone became the subject of investigation. Dietary supplements with these SARMs are often found illegally in various fitness centres and can be purchased online. Furthermore, these illegal supplements may not contain the declared SARMs at all or may contain incorrect amounts. Analytical methods such as Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and X-ray powder diffraction were chosen to identify these banned SARMs in the illegal products.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Using a combination of these fast and direct analytical techniques, in particular, Raman spectroscopy, it was found that out of 16 samples, SARMs were confirmed in 9 samples, while no testolone (4 samples), ostarine (2 samples), or andarine (1 sample) was reliably identified in 7 samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, almost half of the analyzed samples of unregistered/illegal sports dietary supplements purchased anonymously online in the Slovak Republic with declared content of at least one SARM did not contain what is declared on the label. Thus the combination of several solid-state analytical techniques without complex sample preparation has proven valuable for rapid identification of APIs in supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting bone in cancer therapy: Advances and challenges of bisphosphonate-based drug delivery systems.","authors":"Mohammadmahdi Eshaghi, Fariba Ganji, Hossein Shaki, Lobat Tayebi","doi":"10.5599/admet.2756","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Bisphosphonates (BPs) are well-known for their strong affinity toward bone mineral matrices and are widely used to inhibit excessive osteoclast activity associated with various bone disorders. Beyond their clinical use, their unique bone-targeting capability has positioned them as promising ligands for drug delivery systems aimed at treating bone-related cancers.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The review analyses published studies on BP-functionalized drug delivery systems, including direct drug conjugates, calcium-based nanomaterials, carbon-based nanostructures, and self-assembling systems such as micelles and liposomes. In vitro assays (<i>e.g.</i> hydroxyapatite binding, cell viability) and in vivo biodistribution studies are discussed to evaluate targeting efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. The impact of BP structure, linker chemistry, and carrier material on drug release and bone accumulation is examined.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>BP-functionalized systems consistently demonstrate improved bone targeting and enhanced drug accumulation at tumour sites compared to non-targeted approaches. Both direct conjugates and nanocarrier-based systems show promising results, with some formulations offering controlled drug release and reduced systemic toxicity. Despite these advances, certain challenges such as burst release and incomplete clinical validation remain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights the significant progress in BP-based drug delivery platforms for bone cancer therapy, demonstrating their potential to concentrate therapeutic agents at bone tumour sites while minimizing off-target effects. The integration of nanotechnology with BP targeting offers new opportunities for treating bone metastases and primary bone tumours. However, further research is needed to address current limitations and translate these findings into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging machine learning models in evaluating ADMET properties for drug discovery and development.","authors":"Magesh Venkataraman, Gopi Chand Rao, Jeevan Karthik Madavareddi, Srinivas Rao Maddi","doi":"10.5599/admet.2772","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The evaluation of ADMET properties remains a critical bottleneck in drug discovery and development, contributing significantly to the high attrition rate of drug candidates. Traditional experimental approaches are often time-consuming, cost-intensive, and limited in scalability. This review aims to investigate how recent advances in machine learning (ML) models are revolutionizing ADMET prediction by enhancing accuracy, reducing experimental burden, and accelerating decision-making during early-stage drug development.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>This article systematically examines the current landscape of ML applications in ADMET prediction, including the types of algorithms employed, common molecular descriptors and datasets used, and model development workflows. It also explores public databases, model evaluation metrics, and regulatory considerations relevant to computational toxicology. Emphasis is placed on supervised and deep learning techniques, model validation strategies, and the challenges of data imbalance and model interpretability.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>ML-based models have demonstrated significant promise in predicting key ADMET endpoints, outperforming some traditional quantitative structure - activity relationship (QSAR) models. These approaches provide rapid, cost-effective, and reproducible alternatives that integrate seamlessly with existing drug discovery pipelines. Case studies discussed in this review illustrate the successful deployment of ML models for solubility, permeability, metabolism, and toxicity predictions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Machine learning has emerged as a transformative tool in ADMET prediction, offering new opportunities for early risk assessment and compound prioritization. While challenges such as data quality, algorithm transparency, and regulatory acceptance persist, continued integration of ML with experimental pharmacology holds the potential to substantially improve drug development efficiency and reduce late-stage failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of surfactants and polymer composition on the characteristics of polyhydroxyalkanoate nanoparticles.","authors":"Aleksei Dorokhin, Sergei Lipaikin, Galina Ryltseva, Alexander Shabanov, Kristina Sapozhnikova, Tatiana Volova, Sergei Kachin, Ekaterina Shishatskaya","doi":"10.5599/admet.2723","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters of bacterial origin that are actively studied as matrices for the preparation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. The most significant parameters affecting PHAs nanoparticles (NPs) characteristics are polymer composition and the type of surfactant used to stabilize the emulsion during NPs preparation. However, there are only a few studies in the literature investigating the effect of these factors on the characteristics of PHA NPs.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>Blank poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P3HBV) NPs were produced and characterized in terms of their size, morphology and zeta potential. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with various molecular weights (31-50 and 85-124 kDa), as well as Tween 20 (TW20), Tween 80 (TW80), sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) were used as surfactants. For NPs that formed stable aqueous suspensions and had the most desirable characteristics (P3HB/PVA_31-50 and P3HBV/PVA_31-50), hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity to HeLa and C2C12 cells in vitro were determined.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>NPs of both P3HB and P3HBV obtained using PVA with the <i>M</i> _w of 31-50 kDa as a surfactant had regular spherical shape, uniform size distribution, average diameter of about 900 nm and zeta potential of -28.5 and -28.7 mV, respectively. PVA_85-124, TW20 and TW80, as well as SDC and SDS as surfactants, did not show satisfactory results due to suspension gelation, formation of hollow NPs with irregular shape and poor resuspension after washing and freeze-drying, respectively. P3HB/PVA_31-50 and P3HBV/PVA_31-50 NPs did not have hemolytic activity and did not show pronounced cytotoxicity to HeLa and C2C12 cells in the concentration range from 10 to 500 μg mL^-1, so these samples were regarded as safe and biocompatible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the effect of various non-ionic and anionic surfactants on the characteristics of P3HB and P3HBV NPs was investigated. PVA_31-50 was found to be effective in producing NPs of both studied polymers with good biocompatibility and favorable characteristics, making them suitable for drug delivery applications. In contrast, other studied surfactants, <i>i.e.</i>, PVA_85-124, TW20, TW80, SDC and SDS, require further investigation. The obtained findings may promote the development of novel PHA-based nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epirubicin-sensitive detection with a CoWO₄/reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed electrode.","authors":"Somayeh Tajik, Razieh Moghimian, Hadi Beitollahi","doi":"10.5599/admet.2733","DOIUrl":"10.5599/admet.2733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Because of its antimetabolic and cytotoxic qualities, epirubicin (EP), a crucial chemotherapeutic drug, has been used to treat a number of cancers, including those of the prostate, breast, ovary, stomach, lung, and colon.</p><p><strong>Experimental approach: </strong>In this study, CoWO₄/reduced graphene oxide (CoWO₄/rGO) nanocomposite was synthesised and characterised by field emission-scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. To provide a novel sensing platform for EP determination, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) surface was modified using the as-fabricated CoWO₄/rGO nanocomposite.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Using voltammetric techniques, the electrochemical behaviour of the CoWO₄/rGO nanocomposite modified SPE (CoWO₄/rGO/SPE) for the EP detection was examined. CoWO₄/rGO significantly reduced the overpotential of the EP redox reaction and increased the rate of electron transfer between the electrode and analyte as compared to bare SPE. EP was quantitatively analysed using differential pulse voltammetry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was discovered that the linearity range was 0.01 to 190.0 μM. The sensitivity and limit of detection were 0.1529 μA μM^-1 and 0.007 μM, respectively. Additionally, the constructed CoWO₄/rGO/SPE sensor's practical applicability was investigated in pharmaceutical samples with good recovery outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7259,"journal":{"name":"ADMET and DMPK","volume":"13 3","pages":"2733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}