Biomaterial investigations in dentistry最新文献

{"title":"<i>Halimeda gracilis</i> as a bioactive resource: exploring its antioxidant, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial potential for dental applications.","authors":"Dileepkumar Hemamalini, S Shantha Sundari, K M Shahul Hameed Faizee, Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.43612","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v12.43612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and of <i>Halimeda gracilis</i> extracts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The <i>H. gracilis</i> sample was washed and extracted using methanol. The mixture was homogenized using a blender and centrifuged at high speed (10,000 × g) for 2 min, then stirred at room temperature for 30 min using magnetic stirrer, to ensure thorough extraction. Afterward, it was centrifuged at 5,000 × g for 10 min to separate the dissolved components from undissolved debris. Following this antioxidant activity was assessed using DPHH assay, the antimicrobial effects were tested against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Shigella sonnei</i> using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, biofilm inhibition assay was done to assess biofilm inhibition against <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>S. sonnei</i>. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activities of the <i>H. gracilis</i> were determined using a modified version of the BSA assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When tested against <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>E. faecalis</i>, and <i>S. sonnei</i> strains, the antimicrobial evaluation revealed that the extract successfully inhibited biofilm formation when tested against the same organism, and it also demonstrated increased activity with increasing concentration. The zone of inhibition progressively expanded with increasing concentration, reaching a maximum of 17 mm ± 0.1 for 100 µg/mL. In terms of antioxidant activity, the <i>H. gracilis</i> metholic extract gradually increased from 10 µg/mL to a higher activity at 40 µg/mL in comparison to the control and blank, and then decreased at a dose of 50 µg/mL. At different doses, the anti-inflammatory action of <i>H. gracilis</i> extracts successfully inhibited BSA denaturation, which causes inflammation; the maximum activity has been observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This comprehensive analysis highlights <i>H. gracilis</i> as a valuable natural resource with multifaceted biological activities, supporting its further investigation for therapeutic applications in dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"43612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of temporary and permanent 3D-printed crown and bridge resins.","authors":"Roope Salonen, Sufyan Garoushi, Pekka Vallittu, Lippo Lassila","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.43584","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v12.43584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of two 3D-printed crown and bridge resins (CROWNTEC and Temp PRINT). Additionally, the study assessed the effects of printing orientation and accelerated hydrothermal aging on their mechanical properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Specimens were 3D-printed using digital light processing technology (Asiga MAX™). Mechanical properties, including flexural strength (FS), compressive strength, and fracture toughness (FT), were determined for each material following ISO standards. Three printing orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) were used for fabricating 3-point bending specimens. Surface hardness was evaluated using a Vickers indenter. Two-body wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-flat configuration in a chewing simulator with 15,000 cycles, and wear depth was measured with a non-contact 3D optical profilometer. Disk-shaped specimens (<i>n</i> = 5/material) were prepared to measure translucency parameter, gloss and light penetration. For gloss measurement, specimens underwent laboratory-machine polishing (4,000-grit abrasive paper) and chairside two-step hand polishing (Top Dent DiaComposite). Posterior composite crowns (<i>n</i> = 10/material) were fabricated and subjected to cyclic fatigue aging (5,000 cycles at Fmax = 150 N) before quasi-static loading to fracture. The microstructure of each material was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hydrothermal aging, printing orientation, and material type significantly affected the FS values (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Temp PRINT showed superior FS (129 MPa) and FT (1.3 MPa m^1/2) compared to CROWNTEC (102 MPa, 0.9 MPa m^1/2), particularly at 0° orientation. Gloss measurements revealed no significant differences between materials (<i>p</i> > 0.05) across used polishing systems. SEM analysis demonstrated differences in microstructure between the materials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Temp PRINT demonstrated superior mechanical performance compared to CROWNTEC, which exhibited higher translucency values. The printing orientation was identified as a critical parameter influencing the mechanical properties and overall performance of 3D printed restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"43584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The action of different irrigant activation methods on engineered endodontic biofilm: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Aya Awaida, Roula El Hachem, Aline Issa, Mireille Kallasy, Carla Zogheib, Wajih Hage","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.43065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v12.43065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endodontic infections are biofilm-mediated, demanding effective biofilm eradication from the root canal. Root canal complexities, coupled with bacterial biofilm resistance, pose challenges to thorough disinfection. Irrigation, particularly with sodium hypochlorite, is crucial in endodontics. Activation techniques, like sonic or ultrasonic oscillations, enhance irrigant penetration and biofilm disruption, improving decontamination and treatment outcomes.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of XP Finisher, EndoUltra, Eddy and Irriflex in the reduction of the multispecies endodontic biofilm formed by <i>Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis.</i></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 44 single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and divided into groups for investigation: Group A: Irriflex, Group B: XP Finisher, Group C: Eddy system, and Group D: EndoUltra system. Multispecies biofilms, comprising <i>Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>, were cultured and inoculated into the pre-treated dentinal canals, which were then incubated for 16 days. Following this, the canals were subjected to the respective irrigation protocols. Bacterial counts were assessed using sterile paper points and culture techniques post-irrigation. Additionally, four non-inoculated root canals were used as negative controls for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EndoUltra achieved the highest reduction in Total Bacterial Count (TBC) with a median decrease of 75% (interquartile range [IQR]: 70-80%), significantly better than XP Finisher (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and Irriflex (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Eddy led to a reduction in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PA) with a median decrease of 85% (IQR: 80-90%), significantly outperforming Irriflex (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and XP Finisher (<i>p</i> = 0.001). For <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (EF), EndoUltra had a median reduction of 70% (IQR: 65-75%), significantly better than Eddy (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and Irriflex (<i>p</i> = 0.001), while XP Finisher resulted in a reduction of 60% (IQR: 55-65%). EndoUltra showed the highest reduction in <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (ProM) with 80% (IQR: 75-85%), significantly better than Irriflex (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and XP Finisher (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with Eddy also better than Irriflex (<i>p</i> = 0.009). EndoUltra reduced <i>Candida albicans</i> (CA) by 65% (IQR: 60-70%), significantly outperforming XP Finisher (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and Eddy (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within its limitations, this study identified EndoUltra as highly effective in reducing bacterial counts, indicating its potential utility in disinfecting root canals. These findings underscore the significance of such methods in enhancing treatment outcomes and addressing root canal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"43065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological and mechanical challenges in the endodontic treatment of immature teeth with pulp necrosis: insights based on a Series of Atypical Clinical Cases.","authors":"Julian G Leprince, Motoki Okamoto, Matthias Widbiller, Julien Beauquis, Simon Mariano Pedano, Kerstin M Galler, Yusuke Takahashi","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.43427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v12.43427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past two decades, dental pulp regeneration has become a major focus in endodontology. The currently applied clinical strategies are referred to as 'revitalisation' procedures. These biology-based treatment strategies aim at regenerating lost pulp tissues in necrotic teeth, in the absence or even more in the presence of periapical bone lesion, clinical signs and symptoms. Such approaches are generally - but not exclusively - used in immature teeth to promote root maturation, both in length and in thickness, ultimately to reduce their risk of fracture. A growing body of evidence has led to increased understanding and reliability of these treatment strategies, which are now considered as a valid alternative treatment option besides conventional ones, mainly the apical plug technique. However, all systematic reviews evaluating clinical outcomes concluded that there is a lack of robust long-term studies on the subject; most published cases of revitalisation having a relatively short-term follow-up, usually under 2 years. In this context, several major challenges remain to be addressed to better understand the promises and limitations of revitalisation procedures as compared to other treatment options, mainly the placement of an apical plug made of hydraulic calcium silicate cement. The purpose of this paper was therefore to identify some of the important remaining challenges related to such procedures, which can be broadly categorised into biological and mechanical ones, affecting treatment success and tooth survival. Meeting these challenges requires close collaboration between both researchers and clinicians, to establish guidelines, evaluate and understand treatment outcomes, and update guidelines accordingly. However, it is not always easy for researchers to understand the clinical reality faced by practitioners. In order to facilitate their mutual understanding, the aforementioned challenges were illustrated by providing clinical context through a series of atypical clinical cases with long-term follow-up (4-8 years).</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"43427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the stability of implants coated with nano PLGA-alendronate sodium: an in-vivo study.","authors":"Vahid Naemi, Abbas Haghighat, Mahla Esfahanian","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.43372","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v12.43372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Considering the effect of bone resorption-inhibiting drugs, such as bisphosphonates, on bone density, the present study evaluated the stability of implants coated with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-alendronate sodium.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Ten healthy Swiss rabbits were selected (mean weight: 3.5 kg). Two titanium implants were inserted in each rabbit's tibia bone, one implant coated with PLGA-alendronate sodium and the other functioning as control. Torque meter equipment measured the amount of torque while inserting the implants. Insertion torque was measured during the initial insertion of the implants, and after 4 weeks, the rabbits were anesthetized again, the implants were exposed, and resistance torques were measured and recorded. Using a trephine bur, all implants and the surrounding bone structure were then removed for histological evaluation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate alendronate and PLGA biologically. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.v23 software with a significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the difference between insertion torque and final resistance torque after 4 weeks was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.024). The mean number of osteoclasts and macrophages differed substantially between the experimental and control groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The ratio of woven bone to lamellar bone and the number of osteoblasts did not differ significantly between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of PLGA-alendronate sodium coating decreased the number of osteoclasts and macrophages and increased the stability of implant anchorage.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"43372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mouth rinses on roughness and optical properties of restorative materials for oral rehabilitation.","authors":"Laura F Carvalho, Edmara T P Bergamo, Ernesto B Benalcázar-Jalkh, Tiago M B Campos, Abbas Zahoui, Elisa de Souza Fermino, Ana Clara Mota de Oliveira, Ana Carolina Magalhães, Estevam A Bonfante, Fábio José B Bezerra, Larissa M M Alves","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.43204","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v12.43204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of mouth rinses on the roughness and optical properties of three polymeric restorative materials. Cylinders were obtained from Ivotion Dent, Ivotion Base, and Empress Direct. Nano-hybrid composite teeth were also investigated (SR Phonares II). Specimens were divided into four subgroups for mouth rinsing simulation according to the mouth rinse: (1) Distilled water; (2) Soft-Tissue; (3) Implants/Cosmetic; and (4) PerioGard. Roughness (Ra) and optical properties were evaluated before and at timepoints during mouth rinsing simulation. Roughness increased after rinsing simulation for Ivotion Dent and Ivotion Base after all mouth rinses. Soft-Tissue and Cosmetic increased the Ra of Empress Direct. Translucency parameter (TP) of Ivotion Dent and Empress Direct increased, while Contrast ratio (CR) values decreased after rinsing simulation, regardless of the solution used. Ivotion Base demonstrated higher TP after rinsing with Soft-Tissue and Implants mouth rinses compared to the control group, while no difference among them was observed for CR. The mouth rinses affected the roughness and optical properties of materials differently after the rinsing simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"43204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro assessment of needle and irrigant penetration when using different irrigation needle tips.","authors":"Saleha Hussain, Lars Bjørndal, Merete Markvart","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.42896","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v12.42896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the needle and irrigant penetration depth of a newly developed multi-vented polymer needle (30G), with three established needle designs - an open-ended metal needle (30G), a side-vented polymer needle (30G), and a notched metal needle (27G) used as a reference control. The effect of manual dynamic activation (MDA) was also measured. The null hypotheses were that the irrigant penetration would be the same regardless of needle tip, and the addition of MDA would make no difference in terms of irrigant penetration.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 120 mesial roots from mandibular molars were instrumented to a size 25/07, with reciprocating files. The maximum needle penetration depth was measured for each needle tip, using a rubber stop. Syringe irrigation was performed using a sodium diatrizoate solution, first with needle placement halfway down the root canal (working length subtracted from the canal length), and then 1 mm from the working length. MDA was performed. A digital radiograph was taken before the initial irrigation, after the initial irrigation, after the final irrigation, and after MDA. Digital subtraction was performed, and irrigant penetration was measured by a blinded operator. Non-parametric statistical tests were conducted using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multi-vented polymer needle had a significantly deeper needle penetration (mean value: 99%), compared to other test needles. The deepest irrigant penetration was achieved using the multi-vented polymer needle (mean value: 98%) and the open-ended metal needle (mean value: 99%). A significantly deeper irrigant penetration, was achieved by adding MDA, regardless of needle tip.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The multi-vented polymer needle and the open-ended metal needle showed superior performance in terms of irrigant penetration. However, the irrigant penetration only managed to reach the working length when MDA was added.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"42896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of silver diamine fluoride to restorative materials: effect on microhardness and microleakage.","authors":"Arshjot Singh Basra, Shweta Sedani, Lavannya Phaye, Rohan Khetan","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.43074","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v12.43074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on microhardness and microleakage of composite and glass ionomer cement restorations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cavities were prepared in 28 extracted teeth and restored according to four regimens (GIC, composite, GIC and SDF conditioned, composite and SDF conditioned). The restored teeth were <i>thermocycled</i> and autoclaved and then exposed to cariogenic challenge (inoculated with <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>) for 30 days. The restored teeth were sectioned mesio-distally. One half was subjected to microleakage testing (dye penetration using 2% methylene blue) and the other to Vickers hardness test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 4 SDF + Composite had the highest mean microleakage at 1.59 ± 0.02 (mm), and Group 1 (GIC) and Group 3 (Composite) had the lowest mean microleakage (0.63 ± 0.009 mm and 0.63 ± 0.02 mm, respectively). The highest mean microhardness (HV) was observed in Group 3 (Composite) at 327 ± 2.16 and lowest in Group 2 (GIC + SDF) at 283 ± 1.95. Results were statistically significant with a <i>p</i> value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SDF conditioning negatively impacted microhardness and increased microleakage, which could negatively impact the longevity of restorations. Therefore, in this study, SDF was not suitable as a treatment to decrease the occurrence of secondary caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"43074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The in vitro assessment of resin coating materials containing calcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and polylysine for glass ionomer cement restorations.","authors":"Jiraporn Jiramongkhonsuk, Suyada Runglikhitcharoen, Parichart Naruphontjirakul, Piyaphong Panpisut","doi":"10.2340/biid.v12.42783","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v12.42783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Glass ionomer cements (GICs) require protective surface coatings to enhance their clinical performance. This study developed novel protective resin coatings for GICs containing monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM), bioactive glass nanoparticles (BAGs), and poly-L-lysine (PLS) and evaluated their physical, mechanical, and biological properties when applied to GICs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Experimental resin coating materials were formulated with 5-10 wt% of MCPM, BAGs, and PLS. The degree of monomer conversion was measured usingAttenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) (<i>n</i> = 6). GICs coated with the experimental materials were evaluated for biaxial flexural strength and modulus after 24 h water immersion using a universal testing machine (<i>n</i> = 8). Vickers surface microhardness up to 4 weeks of water immersion was also determined (<i>n</i> = 5). Fluoride and elemental release in water were analyzed using a fluoride-specific electrode and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (<i>n</i> = 3). Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay with mouse fibrosarcoma (<i>n</i> = 3). A commercial resin coating (EQUIA Forte Coat, EQ) served as control. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While EQ showed higher monomer conversion (87%) compared to experimental materials (72-74%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), GICs coated with experimental materials demonstrated comparable strength to EQ-coated GICs. The experimental coatings exhibited similar F, Al, Na, and Si releases to EQ-coated GICs, with enhanced P release. All experimental coatings exhibited comparable cell viability (>70%) to the commercial material.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel GIC protective coatings containing MCPM, BAGs, and PLS demonstrated acceptable in vitro performance comparable to commercial materials while potentially offering enhanced remineralization through increased elemental release.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"42783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root-filling materials for endodontic surgery: biological and clinical aspects.","authors":"Andreas Koutroulis, Vasileios Kapralos, Dag Ørstavik, Pia Titterud Sunde","doi":"10.2340/biid.v11.42172","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v11.42172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The placement of root filling materials aims to prevent the occurrence of post-treatment apical periodontitis following completion of endodontic treatment. Materials should possess properties that will not permit bacterial invasion and infection, namely excellent sealing ability and/or antibacterial properties. In root-end filling procedures or repair of root perforations, the root filling materials are placed in a particularly challenging clinical environment, as they interface with a relatively large area with the periradicular tissues. The biological properties of these materials are therefore of significant importance. The current review discusses the most widely used materials for endodontic surgery (i.e., root-end filling and perforation repair), with particular focus on their biological characteristics, namely antibacterial properties and interactions with host tissue cells, together with clinical studies. Properties of amalgam, glass ionomer cements (GICs), resin systems, zinc oxide eugenol-based cements and hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs), together with representative and well-researched commercial materials in the context of their use in endodontic surgery are presented. While the use of HCSCs seems to offer several biological advantages, together with addressing issues with the initial formulation in the most recent versions, materials with different chemical compositions, such as zinc oxide eugenol-based cements, are still in use and appear to provide similar clinical success rates to HCSCs. Thus, the significance of the currently available materials on clinical outcomes remains unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"42172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}