Biomaterial investigations in dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Shear bond strength of rebonded metal brackets using four light-curing resins: an in vitro study.","authors":"Verónica Estefanía Pozo, Mauricio Aguirre Balseca, Marjory Elizabeth Vaca Zapata, Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Johanna Elizabeth Fiallos Sanchez","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rebonding of orthodontic brackets requires effective surface conditioning to restore adequate adhesive retention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of rebonded metal brackets using four light-curing resins.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Eighty premolars were allocated to two conditioning protocols (<i>n</i> = 40 per group): G1 - enamel etching with 37% phosphoric acid; G2 - sandblasting of bracket bases followed by enamel etching. Each group was subdivided according to the resin used (<i>n</i> = 10 per subgroup): Orthocem (FGM), Bracespace (3M), Transbond XT (3M), and Z250 (3M). Brackets were bonded, debonded, reconditioned, and rebonded. SBS was tested using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the acid-etched group, there was no statistically significant difference in SBS among the four resins (Kruskal-Wallis, <i>p</i> = 0.097). In the sandblasting group, a significant intergroup difference was observed (<i>p</i> = 0.044). Dunn's post-hoc test identified higher SBS for Bracespace (3M) and Transbond XT (3M) compared with Orthocem (FGM) and Z250 (3M). When comparing conditioning methods within each resin, sandblasting of the bracket bases resulted in significantly higher SBS only for Bracespace and Transbond XT, whereas Orthocem and Z250 showed no significant change.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rebonding of metal brackets showed comparable SBS among resins after acid etching. However, when the bracket bases were sandblasted, Bracespace and Transbond exhibited significantly higher bond strengths. Surface preparation of the bracket base is therefore a key factor influencing SBS in rebonding procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the remineralisation potential and clinical evidence of emerging biocompatible materials in restorative dentistry: a systematic review.","authors":"Duraiarasan Isaiselvi, Kariannan Partheeban Indumathi, Siluvai Sibyl, Govindaraj Krishnaprakash","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biocompatible materials with remineralising and regenerative properties are now being increasingly used in restorative dentistry as possible materials in place of conventional agents. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the laboratory remineralisation potential and available clinical evidence of emerging biocompatible, non-fluoridated materials used in restorative dentistry. Patient-reported outcomes were explored where reported.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic review was performed on relevant databases as PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost and Scopus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8 in vivo and 23 in vitro studies were included. Self-assembling peptide P11-4 (SAP P11-4) and chitosan-based materials demonstrated consistent remineralisation benefits, predominantly in laboratory studies, with limited supporting clinical evidence. Risk of bias was moderate for in vitro studies and low-to-some concerns for in vivo studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-assembling peptides and chitosan-based biomaterials show promising potential, though current evidence is largely laboratory-based and requires further clinical validation. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13093248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy of hyaluronic acid in peri-implantitis treatment: a systematic review of clinical, radiographic, and biological outcomes.","authors":"Raid Khayat","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45746","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.45746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review evaluated the impact of adjunctive hyaluronic acid (HA) on outcomes in the management of peri-implantitis, while characterizing the various protocols and formulations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search was conducted across five databases up to February 10, 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized clinical studies including controlled studies and case series. A dual-pass screening and data extraction process was employed to ensure data accuracy. The risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2, Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions-I, and Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The certainty of evidence for key outcomes was graded with the GRADE approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies (four RCTs, one controlled pilot study with a split-mouth design, and one prospective case series) with 110 patients were included; sample sizes ranged from 5 to 63 participants, and follow-up periods ranged from 15 days to 12 months. The findings were heterogeneous; while some studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP), other studies reported no significant difference compared to controls. Marginal bone loss (MBL) outcomes were inconsistent. HA demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing interleukin-1 beta levels and showed some benefits against the peri-implantitis-associated bacterial community.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjunctive HA is associated with favorable effects on PPD and BOP, but with a low certainty of evidence, and may have a benefit in decreasing the levels of early-colonizing bacteria. Significant improvement in MBL was associated only with surgical approaches but with a very low certainty of evidence. The high degree of heterogeneity in study design, HA formulations, and treatment protocols, coupled with a high risk of bias, makes it difficult to draw a definitive conclusion. Well-designed RCTs are required to establish the clinical role of HA in the management of peri-implantitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of selenium nanoparticles into mineral trioxide aggregate used as a direct pulp capping material.","authors":"Njwan Fadhel Shehab, Hana Khaleel Ismail, Nadia H Hasan","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluated the histopathological response of the dental pulp following direct pulp capping (DPC) using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity (MTA Repair HP) supplemented with green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The objective was to determine how SeNP concentration influences the biological behavior of MTA HP and to identify the dose that best supports pulp healing compared with MTA HP alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve male dogs with 132 teeth were included. Twelve teeth served as negative controls, while 120 teeth were assigned to five groups: MTA HP alone or MTA HP combined with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, or 2% (w/w) SeNPs (<i>n</i> = 24 per group). Standardized pulp exposures were created and treated according to group allocation. Samples were collected at 7, 14, 30, and 60 days (<i>n</i> = 6 per interval) for histopathological assessment of inflammation, necrosis, and reparative dentine formation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group treated with 1% SeNP had the best results. They displayed very little inflammation, no signs of tissue necrosis, and started forming reparative dentine as early as day 14. While inflammation diminished over time in all the groups, the statistical analysis showed that the different SeNP levels made a difference in how much inflammation occurred, how much tissue necrosis there was, and the quality of the new dentine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding SeNP to MTA HP depended on the amount used. The 1% version presented the best biocompatibility and assisted pulp tissue heal better. On the other hand, higher amounts triggered more inflammation. Overall, these results recommend that 1% SeNP-enhanced MTA HP could be a choice for direct pulp capping, offering better healing and clinical results.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13071882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an angio-osseo inductive bone ceramic versus demineralised freeze-dried bone allograft in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a randomised controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Vidya Sagar S, Uday Kiran Roopavath, Navatha Sattar, Raja Babu P, Athmuri Durga Nandini, Neema Kumari, Subha Narayan Rath","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Periodontal intrabony defects (IBDs) respond favourably to regenerative periodontal therapy. Various graft and non-graft materials have been used, with non-allogenic bone substitutes offering the potential to enhance clinical outcomes and radiographic defect resolution. Angio-Osseo Inductive Bone Ceramic (ABC), a novel ion-doped biphasic calcium phosphate graft, has shown promise due to its osteogenic and angiogenic potential.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of ABC and demineralised freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in the surgical management of periodontal IBDs.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>A parallel-group, examiner- and statistician-blinded, randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 IBDs (one per patient), randomly assigned to ABC (test, <i>n</i> = 15) or DFDBA (control, <i>n</i> = 15). Clinical parameters, including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Radiographic bone fill was assessed at 3 and 6 months using standardised digital radiovisiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both groups, mean IBD scores were significantly different at all time intervals (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Intergroup differences in PPD reduction and CAL gain were not statistically significant. Radiographic analysis demonstrated significantly greater bone fill in the test group (68.63%) compared with the control group (45.48%) at 6 months (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both ABC and DFDBA were effective in the treatment of periodontal IBDs. However, ABC demonstrated statistically significant improvement in defect fill, supporting its potential as a novel alloplastic alternative to conventional allograft.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13071883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nano silver fluoride pre-treatment on the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive to dentin: an in vitro study.","authors":"Larissa Alexsandra Dos Santos Silva, Anna Caroline Lima Dos Santos, Luis Felipe Espíndola-Castro, Ana Luísa Cassiano Alves, Márcia de Almeida Durão, Maria Clara Müller de Andrade, André Galembeck, Gabriela Queiroz de Melo Monteiro","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to evaluate the effect of Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) pre-treatment at two concentrations on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Flat deep coronal dentin surfaces from sound human molars were treated with NSF at 600 or 1500 ppm, or left untreated (control). A universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal; 3M ESPE/now Solventum) was applied in self-etch (SE) mode, followed by placement of a bulk-fill resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill; 3M ESPE / now Solventum). Specimens were sectioned to obtain sticks (~1 mm²) and tested for µTBS using a universal testing machine (500 N load cell; 5 mm/min crosshead speed), considering the tooth as the experimental unit (<i>n</i> = 8). Group comparisons were performed using Welch's one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Weibull analysis was conducted on stick-level data (<i>n</i> = 56 per group) to assess bond strength reliability. Failure modes were evaluated under stereomicroscopy, and dentin morphology and silver nanoparticle distribution were qualitatively assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were detected among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.074). Mean µTBS values were 33.0 ± 10.2 MPa (control), 35.6 ± 8.7 MPa (NSF 600), and 21.4 ± 11.7 MPa (NSF 1500). Effect size analysis indicated a large effect associated with NSF concentration. Weibull analysis showed lower characteristic strength and Weibull modulus for the NSF 1500 group, indicating reduced bond reliability. Adhesive failures predominated in all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although no statistically significant differences were detected, higher NSF concentration (1500 ppm) was associated with lower bond strength reliability, whereas the lower concentration (600 ppm) maintained favorable bonding performance. Greater accumulation of silver nanoparticles on the dentin surface may interfere with resin infiltration and hybrid layer formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of plant fiber reinforcement on mechanical properties of PMMA denture base resin: a systematic review.","authors":"Muhammad Khawaja Hammad Uddin, Nazrah Mehar, Muhammad Ammar Khan, Muhammad Hassan Khoso, Bilquess Saba, Muneeb Ahmed Lone, Ayesha Akram, Syeda Mamoona Mateen, Muhammad Amber Fareed, Muhammad Sohail Zafar","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To improve the clinical outcomes and long-term durability of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture-based resins, they have undergone several developments and changes in their chemical composition to enhance their mechanical properties, including reinforcing them with natural fibers.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review aimed to explore the influence of plant fiber reinforcement on the mechanical characteristics of PMMA denture resins.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>For this purpose, the formulated focus question was 'Does incorporating plant fibers in PMMA denture resins improve their mechanical strength?' Using the PRISMA protocol, three electronic databases (Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Science Direct) were searched using the specific keywords: (plant fibers, natural fibers, and PMMA denture base resins) between 2014 and 2024. After evaluating the papers against the inclusion criteria, only those that met all requirements were included in the study. Additionally, all articles were screened for quality assessment, with particular attention to potential bias arising from experimental design and methodological reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review included eight experimental laboratory-based studies that met the inclusion criteria. All studies had low risk of bias, except one, which had moderate risk of bias. The evaluation of reinforced resins' flexural strength was a noticeable trend observed in studies, with the maximum weight percentage utilized in the studies being 10 wt%. While flexural strength was primarily assessed by the majority of studies, other mechanical properties - including hardness, impact strength, tensile strength, and compressive strength - were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis revealed that the flexural strength and surface hardness of PMMA denture resins were significantly enhanced through the addition of plant fiber reinforcement. However, limited and inconclusive data are present for other mechanical properties (impact, compressive, and tensile strength). Extended experimental studies related to aging and various storage protocols, as well as clinical trials, are essential to determine its clinical relevance and longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13044905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of cold atmospheric plasma alone or combined with conventional surface treatments on shear bond strength of 3Y-TZP and 5YSZ ceramics bonded with composite resin.","authors":"Ahmad Abdulkareem Alnazzawi, Mohamed F Aldamaty, Mohammed H AbdElaziz, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Ahmed E Farghal, Jamal Qernas Almarashi, Abdel-Aleam H Mohamed, Muhammad Sohail Zafar","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the role of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), alone or in combination with conventional surface treatments, on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode of 3Y-TZP and 5YSZ ceramics bonded to composite resin using two adhesive protocols.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 200 zirconia specimens (3Y-TZP and 5YSZ) were assigned to five surface-treatment groups: No treatment (control), airborne-particle abrasion (APA), CAP, APA + CAP, and hydrofluoric acid (HF) + CAP. Each group was further divided according to the use of a primer. The zirconia specimens were bonded to composite resin using a self-adhesive cement. After artificial aging, SBS testing and failure-mode analysis were performed. Data were analyzed using appropriate parametric tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group, surface treatments significantly improved SBS (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Applying self-adhesive cement with surface primer further improved SBS (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Different yttria contents of zirconia materials did not impact SBS (<i>p</i> > 0.05). There was no benefit to combining APA and CAP or CAP and HF. Failure modes were predominantly adhesive in the control group and mixed on treated zirconia surfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAP provides bond strength comparable to APA while potentially minimizing surface damage, supporting its use as a conservative surface-treatment option. Additional combined or aggressive surface treatments do not offer further clinical benefit for bonding zirconia restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13044903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of HCl concentration and immersion time on physicochemical properties, BMP-2 detection, degradation, and osteoblast response of human demineralized tooth matrix.","authors":"Anupong Jeerachaipansakul, Narit Leepong, Srisurang Suttapreyasri","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Human demineralized tooth matrix (hDTM) is a promising tooth-derived graft material; however, demineralization protocols vary widely and may alter matrix structure, degradation behavior, and growth factor detectability. This study investigates the combined effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration (0.5 vs 1.0M) and immersion time (10 vs 20 min) on the physicochemical characteristics, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) detection, degradation behavior and osteoblast response of hDTM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Caries-free permanent teeth (particle size 500-1000 μm) were demineralized using four HCl protocols: 0.5M/10 min, 0.5M/20 min, 1M/10 min, and 1M/20 min. Morphology, crystallinity, and surface features were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Total protein and BMP-2 were quantified using Bradford and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. In-vitro degradation was monitored for 60 days in simulated body fluid. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast adhesion and proliferation were evaluated using the SEM and PrestoBlue^® assay. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to assess main and interaction effects of concentration and time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both HCl concentration and immersion time significantly influenced hDTM properties. Lower concentration enlarged dentinal tubules and collagen exposure, whereas higher concentration produced surface microcracking and reduced collagen exposure. Higher HCl concentration increased degradation (1M/20 min: 23.76 ± 3.23% vs. 0.5M/20 min: 9.02 ± 0.63%, p < 0.01), while longer immersion increased ELISA-detected BMP-2 levels (1M/20 min: 11.8 ± 1.9 ng/g; 0.5M/20 min: 5.3 ± 1.6 ng/g vs. control: 0.1 ng/g, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Significant independent and interactive effects of HCl concentration and immersion time were observed (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Among the test conditions, a 0.5M/20 min protocol demonstrated balanced collagen preservation, controlled degradation, and favorable osteoblast proliferation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HCl concentration and immersion time independently and interactively modulate hDTM properties. Within the test conditions, 0.5M HCl for 20 minutes provides a practical solution and balances collagen preservation, controlled degradation, and osteoblast proliferation, supporting its use as a feasible approach for fabricating tooth-derived bone graft materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13036593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of acetic acid and citric acid on calcium silicate based cement removal from root canals and their effect on dentine structure - an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Hanan Alzraikat, Ahmad S Al-Hiyasat, Estabraq Sarya Jamous, Mohammad A Alebrahim","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45669","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.45669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of acids on calcium silicate cement surface hardness, perforation, and their impact on root dentine microstructure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Root dentine discs were exposed to hydrochloric, acetic, and citric acids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) assessed dentine microstructure after exposure to these acids. Sixty discs of Biodentine and NeoPUTTY (<i>n</i> = 30 each) were treated with 2% acetic acid, 5% citric acid, or saline (control), then tested for surface microhardness (Vickers hardness number, VHN). Another 60 dentine discs filled with these cements were exposed to the acids or saline and mechanically perforated with a Peeso reamer; perforation time was recorded. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined dentine and cement surfaces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FTIR revealed that hydrochloric acid caused severe demineralization of dentine microstructure, whereas 2% acetic and 5% citric acids had no significant effect on dentine microstructure. Both acids (acetic and citric) significantly reduced VHN compared to controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Acid-treated groups were perforated faster, with citric acid showing the greatest time reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.001). NeoPUTTY required less perforation time than Biodentine (<i>p</i> < 0.001). SEM revealed surface cracks in Biodentine and round-shaped defects in NeoPUTTY after acid exposure; citric acid opened dentinal tubules more distinctly than acetic acid.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acetic and citric acids significantly reduced microhardness and facilitated mechanical perforation of calcium silicate cements, with citric acid exerting greater effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13032180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}