Advanced biology最新文献

{"title":"New-QiangGuYin-Containing Serum Inhibits Osteoclast-Derived Exosome Secretion and Down-Regulates Notum to Promote Osteoblast Differentiation.","authors":"Shilong Meng, Xu Zhang, Yang Yu, Minghao Tong, Yifeng Yuan, Yanguang Cao, Wei Zhang, Xiaolin Shi, Kang Liu","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202400166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202400166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New-QiangGuYin (N-QGY), the addition of sea buckthorn on the basis of QGY formula, is herbal formula widely used clinically in China for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP), but its mechanism warrants further exploration. The mechanisms of QGY and N-QGY in the treatment of OP are probed from the perspective of osteoclast-osteoblast balance. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats are randomly divided into N-QGY group, QGY group, and Control group. Beyond control rats that orally took normal saline, other rats are orally administered with isometric N-QGY or QGY twice every day for 3 days. The drug-containing serum and control serum are prepared and their effects on osteoclast-derived exosome secretion are determined by bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. GW4869 and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are adopted as the exosome inhibitor and inducer, respectively. Exosome uptake, cell counting kit-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot are performed to examine the effects of altered osteoclast exosome content on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). N-QGY, QGY, and GW4869 inhibit osteoclast-derived exosome secretion and exosome uptake by MSCs, whereas IL-1β exerted the opposite effects (p < 0.05). Different from IL-1β, N-QGY, QGY, and GW4869 partially elevated MSC viability, osteocalcin secretion, ALP, RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osteopontin (OPN) expressions, and calcium deposition in the osteoclast-MSCs coculture system (p < 0.05). Mechanically, osteoclasts increased Notum protein level but decreased β-catenin level, which is enhanced by IL-1β but is reversed by GW4869, QGY, and N-QGY (p < 0.05). And the effect of N-QGY is more conspicuous than that of QGY (P<0.05). N-QGY-containing serum inhibits exosome levels in osteoclasts, thereby enhancing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via inhibition of Notum protein and promotion of β-catenin protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review and Phenome-Wide Scans of Genetic Associations with Vascular Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Rime Diany,&nbsp;Sarah A Gagliano Taliun","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202300692","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adbi.202300692","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogenous form of cognitive impairment that results from cerebrovascular disease. It is a result of both genetic and non-genetic factors. Although much research has been conducted on the genetic contributors to other forms of cognitive impairment (e.g. Alzheimer's disease), knowledge is lacking on the genetic factors associated with VCI. A better understanding of the genetics of VCI will be critical for prevention and treatment. To begin to fill this gap, the genetic contributors are reviewed with VCI from the literature. Phenome-wide scans of the identified genes are conducted and genetic variants identified in the review in large-scale resources displaying genetic variant-trait association information. Gene set are also carried out enrichment analysis using the genes identified from the review. Thirty one articles are identified meeting the search criteria and filters, from which 107 unique protein-coding genes are noted related to VCI. The phenome-wide scans and gene set enrichment analysis identify pathways associated with a diverse set of biological systems. This results indicate that genes with evidence of involvement in VCI are involved in a diverse set of biological functions. This information can facilitate downstream research to better dissect possible shared biological mechanisms for future therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adbi.202300692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Life Sciences Series: Q&A with the Editor: Artificial Biology – Assemble, Imitate, Adapt","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202400256","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adbi.202400256","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Städler&lt;/b&gt;: I became fascinated with the hierarchical structure of mammalian cells when writing my postdoc fellowship application back in 2007. At that point, encapsulated catalysis existed, but sub-compartmentalization was a very new concept. We invented capsosomes (liposomes as subunits in polymer multilayer capsules), a very simple artificial cell, especially when looking back. When I started my independent research group in Denmark, the question was never IF we will be working in the area of artificial biology, more WHICH of the many aspects, we will be focusing on. For me, the most fascinating questions were and remain around considerations of how to integrate a bottom-up assembled life-like unit with living mammalian cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Valero&lt;/b&gt;: I have always been fascinated by how biological systems work. For a chemist, a cell is a paradigm of complexity, where highly efficient reactions, molecular interactions, self-assembly, nanomechanics, directional transport, etc., harmoniously converge in a single entity. Inspired by Richard Feynman's quote: “What I cannot create, I do not understand,” my approach to biological systems involves developing artificial prototypes based on nucleic acid building blocks that mimic the structures and functions displayed in nature. These artificial molecules not only contribute to shedding light on how biological systems work, but they can also exhibit novel and enhanced functionalities that can be integrated to create unique synthetic biology systems or used for biomedical applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Zelikin&lt;/b&gt;: I am teaching medicinal chemistry and through this, I gained an understanding and appreciation of the molecular composition of a cell; it inspired me, and challenged me to pursue this elegance and complexity of composition via the bottom-up approach, using in-house made molecules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sanchez&lt;/b&gt;: There are a few reasons: I always loved the idea of reproducing the complexity of living systems by engineering something with our own hands, trying to mimic at least one of the hallmarks of life. For instance, in our lab, we focus on motion, from single to collective phenomena. And I still want to combine these artificial systems with living/biological components, such as cells or enzymes. That is what we call hybrid systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sanchez&lt;/b&gt;: Definitely nanomedicine. With the combination of artificial and biological components, we can design better delivery vehicles that interact more efficiently with biological systems and biomaterials such as cells and tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Valero&lt;/b&gt;: I believe integration and adaptation to living organisms are key for the advancement of the field. We need to develop artificial systems that do not merely work in parallel but rather integrate with cells, tissues, and organs, offering feedback communication and the capability of adapting to their environment and physicochemical signaling. An advanced feature of future synthetic biology systems will be to combine t","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adbi.202400256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STL Inhibited Angiogenesis of DPSCs Through Depressing Mitochondrial Respiration by Enhancing RNF217","authors":"Wanqing Wang,&nbsp;Haoqing Yang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Fan,&nbsp;Ruitang Shi","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202400042","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adbi.202400042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Angiogenesis is the determining factor during dental pulp regeneration. Six-twelve leukemia (STL) is identified as a key regulatory factor on the biological function of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) under hypoxic conditions, but its effect on angiogenesis is unclear. Co-culture of DPSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is used to detect tubule formation ability in vitro and the angiogenesis ability in vivo. RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses are performed to screen differentially expressed genes. Seahorse Cell Mito Stress Test is proceeded to exam mitochondrial respiration. STL decreased tubule formation and mitochondrial respiration of DPSCs in vitro and restrained the number of blood vessels and the expression of VEGF in new formed tissue in vivo. Furthermore, pretreating STL-depleted DPSCs with rotenone, a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, counteracted the promoting effect of STL knockdown on tubule formation. Then, RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses identified some angiogenesis relevant genes and pathways in STL-depleted DPSCs. And STL enhanced expression of mRNA-ring finger protein 217 (RNF217), which inhibited the tubule formation and mitochondrial respiration of DPSCs. STL inhibited the angiogenesis of DPSCs through depressing mitochondrial respiration by enhancing RNF217, indicating that STL is a potential target for angiogenesis of DPSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adbi.202400042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Characterization of De Novo Generation of Variable Number Tandem Repeats in Circular Plasmids during Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Optimization for Coding Gene Application","authors":"Ziqi Hu,&nbsp;Guochao Lin,&nbsp;Mingzhu Zhang,&nbsp;Shengwen Piao,&nbsp;Jiankun Fan,&nbsp;Jichao Liu,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Songbin Fu,&nbsp;Wenjing Sun,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Xiaohong Qiu,&nbsp;Jinwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Yang,&nbsp;Chunshui Zhou","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202400084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adbi.202400084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Site-directed mutagenesis for creating point mutations, sometimes, gives rise to plasmids carrying variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) locally, which are arbitrarily regarded as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) related artifacts. Here, the alternative end-joining mechanism is reported rather than PCR artifacts accounts largely for that VNTRs formation and expansion. During generating a point mutation on GPLD1 gene, an unexpected formation of VNTRs employing the 31 bp mutagenesis primers is observed as the repeat unit in the pcDNA3.1-GPLD1 plasmid. The 31 bp VNTRs are formed in 24.75% of the resulting clones with copy number varied from 2 to 13. All repeat units are aligned with the same orientation as GPLD1 gene. 43.54% of the repeat junctions harbor nucleotide mutations while the rest don't. Their demonstrated short primers spanning the 3′ part of the mutagenesis primers are essential for initial creation of the 2-copy tandem repeats (TRs) in circular plasmids. The dimerization of mutagenesis primers by the alternative end-joining in a correct orientation is required for further expansion of the 2-copy TRs. Lastly, a half-double priming strategy is established, verified the findings and offered a simple method for VNTRs creation on coding genes in circular plasmids without junction mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammal Aging as a Programmed Life Cycle Function – Resolving the Cause and Effect Conundrum","authors":"Theodore C. Goldsmith","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202300658","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adbi.202300658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Because aging and internally determined lifespan vary greatly between similar species it is now widely accepted that aging is an evolved trait, resulting in two classes of evolutionary aging theories: aging is programmed by complex biological mechanisms, and aging is not programmed. As recently as 2002 programmed aging is thought to be theoretically impossible. However, genetics discoveries, results of selective breeding, and other direct evidence strongly support the idea that aging creates an evolutionary advantage and that therefore complex biological mechanisms evolved that control aging in mammals and other multiparous organisms. Like life-cycle programs that control reproduction, growth, and menopause the aging program can adjust the aging trait during an individual's life to compensate for temporary or local changes in external conditions that alter the optimum lifespan for a particular species population. Genetics discoveries also strongly support the <i>evolvability</i> concept to the effect that sexually reproducing species can evolve design features that increase their ability to evolve, and that aging is one such feature. Genetics discoveries also prove that biological inheritance involves transmission of organism design information in <i>digital form</i> between parent and descendant of any organism. This has major implications for the evolution process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tas1R3 Dependent and Independent Recognition of Sugars in the Urethra and the Role of Tuft Cells in this Process (Adv. Biology 6/2024)","authors":"Patricia Schmidt,&nbsp;Alexander Perniss,&nbsp;Martin Bodenbenner-Tuerich,&nbsp;Silke Wiegand,&nbsp;Loic Briand,&nbsp;Klaus Deckmann","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202470061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202470061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Urinary Tract Infection</b></p><p>Increased sugar concentrations display risk factors for infections. Article number 2400117 by Klaus Deckmann and co-workers clarifies sugar monitoring in the urethra. Urethral tuft cells (UTC) are sentinels monitoring the urethral lumen and initiating protective mechanisms. Monitoring occurs via two pathways. A UTC/Tas1R3 dependent and a Tas1R3 independent pathway, found in both UTC and in other urethral epithelial cells. Sugars increases detrusor muscle activity UTC/Tas1R3 dependently.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adbi.202470061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masthead: (Adv. Biology 6/2024)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202470062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202470062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adbi.202470062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Drug Delivery Potential of Milk Exosome Nanovesicles for Aminobenzylpenicillin Therapeutic Efficacy against Contagious Staphylococcus Aureus in Bovine Mastitis (Adv. Biology 6/2024)","authors":"Jitendra Kumar,&nbsp;Suneel Kumar Onteru,&nbsp;Dheer Singh","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202470063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202470063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b><i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i></b></p><p>Treating contagious <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, the causative agent of bovine mastitis, is challenging with conventional antibiotics. In article number 2300519, Jitendra Kumar, Suneel Kumar Onteru, and Dheer Singh conduct cutting-edge research to deliver aminobenzylpenicillin into the mammary gland by harnessing the drug delivery potential of milk exosome nanovesicles. The advanced nanosystem demonstrate markedly superior therapeutic effectiveness compared to aminobenzylpenicillin when administered at the same dosage and treatment intervals, as illustrated on the cover page detailing the nanosystem.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adbi.202470063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Mouse Cardiac Sarcoidosis Model Using Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"Sophie Van Remortel,&nbsp;Yousef Risha,&nbsp;Sandrine Parent,&nbsp;Vidhya Nair,&nbsp;David H. Birnie,&nbsp;Darryl R. Davis","doi":"10.1002/adbi.202400238","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adbi.202400238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sarcoidosis, a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology affecting multiple organs. It is often a benign disease but can have significant morbidity and mortality when the heart is involved (often presenting with clinical manifestations such as conduction irregularities and heart failure). This study addresses a critical gap in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) research by developing a robust animal model. The absence of a reliable animal model for cardiac sarcoidosis is a significant obstacle in advancing understanding and treatment of this condition. The proposed model utilizes carbon nanotube injection and transverse aortic constriction as stressors. Intramyocardial injection of carbon nanotubes induces histiocytes typical of sarcoid granulomas in the heart but shows limited effects on fibrosis or cardiac function. Priming the immune system with transverse aortic constriction prior to intramyocardial injection of carbon nanotubes enhances cardiac fibrosis, diminishes cardiac function, and impairs cardiac conduction. This novel, easily executable model may serve as a valuable tool for disease profiling, biomarker identification, and therapeutic exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7234,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adbi.202400238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}