Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2277585
Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Olivia Lenoir
{"title":"Autophagy in the endothelium commands flow-mediated vascular reactivity and remodelling, and regulates VEGFR2 subcellular localization and signalling","authors":"Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Olivia Lenoir","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2277585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2277585","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacological approaches aimed at increasing autophagic flux and genetically engineered mice with autophagy deficiency in the endothelium have demonstrated that autophagy exerts vessel protection against metabolic stresses and vascular aging. However, the identity of the specific cellular processes that autophagy controls in endothelial cells remained unclear. In this punctum, we discuss our recent findings on the multiple functions of autophagy in the endothelium. Particularly, we highlighted that autophagy controls flow-mediated vascular reactivity and remodeling. We have also focused on the role of autophagy machinery in regulating protein distribution within the cell and on the results demonstrating how autophagy modulates the cellular response to the microenvironment changes.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2277582
Nobuo N. Noda
{"title":"Structural biology of the Atg8 and Atg12 conjugation systems","authors":"Nobuo N. Noda","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2277582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2277582","url":null,"abstract":"Atg8 and Atg12 are ubiquitin-like proteins, conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and Atg5, respectively, through enzymatic reactions similar to ubiquitylation. The resultant Atg8–PE and Atg12–Atg5 conjugates play crucial roles in autophagy. Structural studies have been extensively performed on all Atg proteins (Atg3, Atg4, Atg5, Atg7, Atg8, Atg10, Atg12, Atg16) involved in these conjugation systems. This review summarizes structural studies and discusses mechanisms of conjugation and deconjugation reactions, as well as autophagic functions of the Atg8 and Atg12 conjugation systems.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":" 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MALT-1 shortens lifespan by inhibiting autophagy in the intestine of <i>C. elegans</i>","authors":"Julie Vérièpe-Salerno, Silvia Podavini, Marcus J.C. Long, Irina Kolotuev, Muriel Cuendet, Margot Thome","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2277584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2277584","url":null,"abstract":"The caspase-like protease MALT1 promotes immune responses and oncogenesis in mammals by activating the transcription factor NF-κB. MALT1 is remarkably conserved from mammals to simple metazoans devoid of NF-κB homologs, like the nematode C. elegans. To discover more ancient, NF-κB -independent MALT1 functions, we analysed the phenotype of C. elegans upon silencing of MALT-1 expression systemically or in a tissue-specific manner. MALT-1 silencing in the intestine caused a significant increase in life span, whereas intestinal overexpression of MALT-1 shortened life expectancy. Interestingly, MALT-1-deficient animals showed higher constitutive levels of autophagy in the intestine, which were particularly evident in aged or starved nematodes. Silencing of the autophagy regulators ATG-13, BEC-1 or LGG-2, but not the TOR homolog LET-363, reversed lifespan extension caused by MALT-1 deficiency. These findings suggest that MALT-1 limits the lifespan of C. elegans by acting as an inhibitor of an early step of autophagy in the intestine.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2278299
Yuchieh Jay Lin, Guang-Chao Chen
{"title":"Dual function of the Leon/USP5 deubiquitinase in the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagic pathways","authors":"Yuchieh Jay Lin, Guang-Chao Chen","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2278299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2278299","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are highly conserved processes that maintain cellular health through the clearance of misfolded/aberrant proteins and damaged organelles. Ubiquitination is a crucial protein modification to regulate entry in these two pathways. However, the function of deubiquitinases (DUBs) in the UPS and autophagy remains largely unclear. The Leon/USP5 deubiquitinase is essential for maintaining ubiquitin homeostasis and proteasome function. In our recent study, we found that Leon/USP5 depletion resulted in the induction of autophagosome formation and an enhancement of the autophagic flux. Additionally, a genetic analysis in Drosophila revealed that Leon overexpression suppressed Atg1-induced cell death. We further showed that Leon/USP5 interacts with the autophagy initiator Atg1/ULK1, regulating its levels and thus modulating autophagosome formation. These findings suggest that Leon/USP5 plays a dual role in regulation of UPS and autophagy.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":" 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-11-05DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2278120
Alessandra Romagnoli, Martina Di Rienzo, Mauro Piacentini, Gian Maria Fimia
{"title":"TRIMming down Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication: TRIM32 is required for bacterial ubiquitination and autophagy induction in macrophages","authors":"Alessandra Romagnoli, Martina Di Rienzo, Mauro Piacentini, Gian Maria Fimia","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2278120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2278120","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) promotes its intracellular persistence by subverting defense mechanisms, such as autophagy. Remarkably, enhancing autophagy is sufficient to trigger intracellular Mtb killing and effective immune response, making this process a valid target of host-directed therapies. However, several aspects of autophagy regulation during Mtb infection remain unsolved. Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a large family of ubiquitin ligases primarily involved in innate immunity by regulating inflammation and autophagy. By combining transcriptomic and infectivity screens, we recently identified a set of TRIMs that modulate Mtb replication. In detail, overexpression of TRIM22 and TRIM32 reduces Mtb growth in THP1 macrophages, while that of TRIM36 and TRIM56 promotes Mtb replication. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying inhibition of Mtb replication by TRIM32 showed that its overexpression promote xenophagy, a selective autophagy of pathogens, by increasing Mtb ubiquitination and the recruitment of CALCOCO2/NDP52 (calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2) and MAP1LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B) to intracellular bacteria. Consistently, TRIM32 downregulation reduces the xenophagic response, resulting in increased Mtb replication. Altogether, we characterized a novel role for TRIM32 in the host response to pathogen infections and identify TRIM36 and TRIM56 as possible host factors required for Mtb infection.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"61 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135726256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2271281
Takashi Kikuma, Joichiro Nishio
{"title":"AeiA, an Atg8-interacting protein in <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> , promotes peroxisome degradation by pexophagy","authors":"Takashi Kikuma, Joichiro Nishio","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2271281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2271281","url":null,"abstract":"There are two types of autophagy, non-selective (bulk) autophagy, in which substrates are randomly incorporated into autophagosomes, and selective autophagy, in which substrates are specifically targeted. In filamentous fungi, the molecular mechanism underlying selective autophagy remains largely unknown. Recently we identified a novel protein, AoAtg8-interacting protein A (AeiA), in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. AeiA was localized to peroxisomes and autophagosomal intermediates, such as phagophore assembly site (PAS) and the phagophore. Moreover, pexophagy flux was reduced in AeiA deletants. Taken together, AeiA is a novel selective autophagy-related protein that contributes to pexophagy in A. oryzae. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of selective autophagy including pexophagy in filamentous fungi. Abbreviations: AIM, Atg8-family interacting motifs; Atg8, autophagy-related 8; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; GABARAP, Gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor associated protein; LC3, Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3; MTS, microbody targeting signal; PD, potato dextrose.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"56 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2267882
Debasna P Panigrahi, Sujit K Bhutia
{"title":"MTFP1 is a mitophagy receptor that operates in PINK1/PRKN-dependent mitophagy and promotes oral cancer cell survival","authors":"Debasna P Panigrahi, Sujit K Bhutia","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2267882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2267882","url":null,"abstract":"MTFP1 (mitochondrial fission process 1), an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, plays a crucial role in mitochondrial fission to maintain mitochondrial morphology. Our study found that MTFP1 contains a LIR (LC3-interacting region) to interact with MAP1LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) and serves as a mitophagy receptor to eliminate damaged mitochondria. Interestingly, mutation of MTFP1 LIR motif (MTFP1mLIR) inhibits this interaction, decreasing mitophagy in oral cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of PRKN (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) or PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) abolished mitophagy in MTFP1-overexpressing oral cancer cells. In this setting, we observed that MTFP1mLIR-expressing cells display a decrease in TOMM20 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20) levels without affecting those of COX4 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4). In contrast, loss of PRKN or PINK1 caused inhibition of both TOMM20 and COX4 degradation in MTFP1mLIR-expressing cells exposed to cellular stress, suggesting that PRKN may activate the rupture of outer mitochondrial membrane in MTFP1-overexpressing cells for effective mitophagy. We also observed that MTFP1 is beneficial to oral cancer cell survival exposed to anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, through mitophagy, since inhibition of MTFP1-dependent mitophagy induced cell death. Thus, targeting MTFP1-associated mitophagy could represent a strategy for oral cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2256146
Jessica P. Campos-Blázquez, Catalina Flores-Maldonado, Juan M. Gallardo, José Bonilla-Delgado, Alan A. Pedraza-Ramírez, Octavio López-Méndez, Enoc M. Cortés-Malagón, Rubén G. Contreras
{"title":"Ouabain promotes claudin-1, -2, and -4 autophagic degradation through oxidative stress and AMPK activation in MDCK cells","authors":"Jessica P. Campos-Blázquez, Catalina Flores-Maldonado, Juan M. Gallardo, José Bonilla-Delgado, Alan A. Pedraza-Ramírez, Octavio López-Méndez, Enoc M. Cortés-Malagón, Rubén G. Contreras","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2256146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2256146","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelial cells transport substances through the cellular and paracellular pathways. The last one depends on tight junctions, particularly on claudins, the family of integral membrane proteins responsible for the permeability and selectivity of these junctions. 300 nM ouabain (OUA) induces endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of claudin-2 and -4 in an Src and ERK1/2 kinases-dependent manner. Here we investigate whether OUA-induced lysosomal degradation of claudins implicates autophagy in renal epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. During autophagy, LC3 protein binds phosphatidylethanolamine and incorporates, together with protein p62, into the phagophore. Subsequently, the autolysosome degrades both LC3 and p62 proteins. OUA’s occupancy of its site in the Na⁺/K⁺ATPase (300 nM, 10 h) increases autophagic flux because of degradation of LC3 and p62 and an increase in the number of autophagosomes, as detected by fluorescent LC3 and p62 puncta and the rise in autolysosomes seen by the GFP-LC3-RFP probe. Finally, OUA increases the colocalisation of claudin-1, -2, or -4 with p62 in these puncta. OUA induces autophagy increasing reactive oxygen species generation that activates AMP-activated protein kinase, phosphorylating ULK1 at S555. The autophagy inducer rapamycin causes a degradation of the studied claudins comparable to the one generated by OUA. Furthermore, the autophagy inhibitor dorsomorphin blocks OUA-induced autophagy and claudin-1, -2, and -4 degradation. These results demonstrated that OUA induces claudin-1, -2, and -4 autophagy through oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135899242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2254614
Hongyu Li, Xiao Yu
{"title":"INPP5D inhibits anti-malarial immunity by promoting IRF3 degradation through selective autophagy","authors":"Hongyu Li, Xiao Yu","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2254614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2254614","url":null,"abstract":"As a member of the inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase family, INPP5D (inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D) is an important regulator of immune cell activation. To date, the mechanisms underlying anti-malarial immunity have not been elucidated. We recently identified INPP5D as a negative regulator of IFN-I (type I interferon) signaling by promoting autophagic degradation of IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) during malaria infection. Mechanistically, INPP5D enhances the association between IRF3 and the autophagy receptor CALCOCO2/NDP52 (calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2), which promotes the K63-linked ubiquitination of IRF3 at K313 and serves as a signal for CALCOCO2-dependent selective macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy). Moreover, INPP5D is downregulated by IFN-I-induced miR-155-5p after Plasmodium yoelii (P. yoelii) nigeriensis N67 infection and plays a role as a feedback loop between IFN-I signaling and autophagy. Thus, our study reveals the key role of INPP5D in mediating the crosstalk between IFN-I response and autophagy during anti-malarial immune responses, and suggests that INPP5D may be a potential therapeutic target to control malaria.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved volume CLEM revealed that aberrant phagophores and RB1CC1/FIP200-containing clusters appear surround SQSTM1/p62 aggregates in <i>Atg9a</i>-deficient cells","authors":"Soichiro Kakuta, Junji Yamaguchi, Chigure Suzuki, Isei Tanida, Yasuo Uchiyama","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2256599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2256599","url":null,"abstract":"ATG9A is an important membrane protein in mammalian macroautophagy. The formation of autophagosomes and phagophores is blocked in atg9a KO cells. However, it remains possible that residual membrane formation activity exists in these cells. These precursor structures that precede phagophores are, if they exist, rare and may be difficult to find. Here, we introduce the modified volume correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) method to analyze these structures three-dimensionally. In addition to target proteins, mitochondria were labeled as a landmark for precise correlation of slice images by a confocal fluorescence microscope and a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope. We found phagophores and small membrane vesicles near SQSTM1/p62 aggregates in atg9a KO cells, indicating that phagophores could be formed in atg9a-deficient cells, although they were immature and inefficient. Furthermore, we found that RB1CC1/FIP200-positive structures formed clusters around SQSTM1/p62 with ferritin and TAX1BP1. Taken together, our method contributes to the understanding of undiscovered fine structures.","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}