Veronika Gašpárková , Bao Thai Tran , Petr Ošťádal , Lukáš Lambert , Petr Hájek , Petr Kala
{"title":"Epicardial adipose tissue in coronary microvascular disease","authors":"Veronika Gašpárková , Bao Thai Tran , Petr Ošťádal , Lukáš Lambert , Petr Hájek , Petr Kala","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active visceral fat depot located between the myocardium and visceral pericardium, characterized by direct microvascular, paracrine, and vasocrine continuity with the heart. Under physiological conditions, EAT exhibits beige- and brown-fat-like features that support myocardial energy homeostasis, thermoregulation, and local cardioprotection. In obesity, diabetes, and aging, EAT undergoes pathological remodeling toward a pro-inflammatory and profibrotic phenotype. Accumulating evidence implicates excess and dysfunctional EAT in the pathophysiology of multiple cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), vasospastic angina, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Through inflammatory signaling, immune activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, autonomic dysregulation, and mechanical pericardial restraint, EAT contributes to myocardial fibrosis, impaired diastolic function, CMD, and reduced exercise capacity.</div><div>This review focuses on the biological characteristics of EAT, current imaging approaches for its detection and quantification using echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and the relationship between EAT, CMD, and other cardiovascular pathologies. We also summarize therapeutic strategies targeting EAT, including pharmacological interventions with established cardiometabolic benefit, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, intensive lipid-lowering therapies, and lifestyle interventions. Finally, we highlight ongoing clinical studies investigating EAT as an imaging biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in cardiometabolic cardiovascular disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bridget McIlraith , Justin A. Mariani , Ross Downey , Geoffrey Clare , Matthew Daly , Houda El Banna , Ian Crozier
{"title":"Pacemaker with automatic activation of a magnetic resonance imaging mode: A single-center experience","authors":"Bridget McIlraith , Justin A. Mariani , Ross Downey , Geoffrey Clare , Matthew Daly , Houda El Banna , Ian Crozier","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In patients with permanent pacemakers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) traditionally requires resource-intensive manual device reprogramming before and after the scan putting demands on clinical resources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this single-center case series, we report five MRI procedures in three patients with a pacemaker using an always-on MRI workflow facilitating feature (MRI Guard 24/7) that automatically detects MRI conditions and adjusts the pacing mode without the need for pre- or post-scan checks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All scans were completed successfully, with automatic switching into MRI mode and reverting to the permanent setting. No device reconfigurations were required pre- or post-scan.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>We discuss the potential of this feature to streamline MRI workflows, reduce staffing demands and improve access to timely imaging for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nilsson , M. Strömfors , A. Trägårdh , A. Mokhtari , A.M. Khoshnood , U. Ekelund
{"title":"Predicting complications in emergency department patients with acute coronary syndrome – Existing risk scores versus a new logistic regression model","authors":"T. Nilsson , M. Strömfors , A. Trägårdh , A. Mokhtari , A.M. Khoshnood , U. Ekelund","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are often admitted to monitored wards due to the risk of complications. Several risk prediction scores exist, but their use in the emergency department (ED) is limited. We aimed to compare the ability of existing risk scores with a new logistic regression model in predicting complications in ACS patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a secondary analysis of data from the ESC TROP trial (<span><span>NCT03421873</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), including ACS patients from five EDs in Region Skåne, Sweden (2017–2018). Complications were identified via diagnosis and/or intervention codes and manual chart review. GRACE, GRACE FFE, TIMI, HEART, ACTION ICU, and CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores were calculated. A new logistic regression model was developed, and its predictive performance was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) and a net reclassification improvement analysis (NRI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2223 ACS patients, 164 (7.4%) experienced complications. Independent predictors for complications included age, STEMI, troponin and lactate at arrival, shock index, Killip class, and new ECG changes. The logistic regression model's AUROC 0.84 (95% CI 0.80–0.88) outperformed all known risk scores: GRACE FFE 0.79 (0.75–0.84), ACTION ICU 0.77 (0.72–0.82), GRACE 0.76 (0.70–0.81), TIMI 0.74 (0.68–0.79), HEART 0.69 (0.64–0.74), and CHA₂DS₂-VASc 0.64 (0.59–0.69). Logistic regression improved reclassification of non-events, with a positive non-event NRI compared with all other scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Serious complications occurred in 7% of ACS patients. A logistic regression model based on simple ED variables showed excellent predictive performance, surpassing existing risk scores. Improved risk stratification may optimize resource allocation while maintaining patient safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter to the editor: data accuracy","authors":"Magdalini Manti , Panagiotis-Anastasios Tsioufis","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100727","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean Moore , Aditya Thakkar , Shahnawaz Notta , Jacob Snipp , Colin McGuire , Venkata Vedantam , Manar H. Jbara
{"title":"Obesity paradox in patients with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide retrospective observational study","authors":"Sean Moore , Aditya Thakkar , Shahnawaz Notta , Jacob Snipp , Colin McGuire , Venkata Vedantam , Manar H. Jbara","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The prevalence of obesity in the United States is high, with over 35% of the population classified as obese. Obesity, along with the lifestyle factors contributing to it, is considered a major risk factor for heart disease. However, research studies have reported controversial findings regarding its impact on morbidity and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from January 2016 to December 2020. The study included adult patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of NSTEMI who underwent PCI during hospitalization. They were divided into obese (BMI > 30) and not obese (BMI < 30). The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, and acute renal failure, as well as the need for transfusions, pressors, ventilators, and ECMO.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We analyzed 448,424 hospitalizations for NSTEMI, of which 172,665 patients underwent PCI. Among these, 39,548 (22.9%) were obese (BMI >30). Obesity was associated with lower in-hospital mortality compared to non-obese patients (1.2% vs. 1.8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74–0.90; <em>p</em> < 0.001), after adjustment for age, sex, race, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Obese patients also had lower rates of cardiogenic shock (2.7% vs. 3.3%; aOR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90; <em>p</em> < 0.001), cardiac arrest (1.3% vs. 1.6%; aOR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78–0.95; <em>p</em> < 0.005), and ventricular arrhythmias (5.2% vs. 5.7%; aOR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88–0.98; p < 0.005). They also required fewer blood transfusions (1.9% vs. 2.3%; aOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83–0.98; <em>p</em> < 0.05) and mechanical ventilation (2.9% vs. 3.2%; aOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85–0.98; p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in dialysis, vasopressor use, or ECMO. However, obese patients had higher rates of acute kidney injury (15.0% vs. 13.5%; aOR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.21–1.29; <em>p</em> < 0.001) and acute respiratory failure (9.1% vs. 8.2%; aOR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.13–1.23; p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The “obesity paradox” suggests that despite obesity's role in cardiovascular disease risk, individuals with obesity may have a survival advantage during acute cardiovascular events and certain surgeries. Our study aligns with these findings, underscoring the need for further research to comprehend the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alisha A. Crump , Milan Bimali , Sanchia McCall , Pearman Parker , Taren Massey-Swindle , Kevin Wayne Sexton , Emel Seker , Maryam Y. Garza , Tremaine B. Williams
{"title":"Social determinants of health and hospitalization risk in heart failure: A Retrospective analysis","authors":"Alisha A. Crump , Milan Bimali , Sanchia McCall , Pearman Parker , Taren Massey-Swindle , Kevin Wayne Sexton , Emel Seker , Maryam Y. Garza , Tremaine B. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Heart failure affects over 6.5 million Americans and accounts for substantial healthcare utilization, with social determinants of health (SDOH) increasingly recognized as critical factors influencing patient outcomes. The present study aims to examine the relationships among specific SDOH (food insecurity risk, financial resource strain, and medical transportation needs) with subsequent hospitalization risk among patients with heart failure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed electronic health record data from the Arkansas Clinical Data Repository for 2494 patients with heart failure hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2023 at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Quantile regression on the median was used to analyze the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Study population descriptive results demonstrated moderate hospitalization risk (average score 40.3). The population was predominantly older adults (mean age ∼ 65), female (55.8%), non-Hispanic (98.3%) and White (54.3%). In fully adjusted models, all three social determinants remained significant predictors of increased subsequent hospitalization risk: food insecurity was associated with a 9.37-point increase (95% CI: 4.83–13.90, <em>p</em> < 0.01), high financial resource strain with a 13.13-point increase (95% CI: 8.50–17.76, p < 0.01), and medical transportation needs with a 13.23-point increase (95% CI: 7.55–18.89, p < 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Food insecurity risk, financial resource strain, and medical transportation needs are associated with increased future hospitalization risk among patients with heart failure. These findings support the integration of social determinant screening into clinical risk stratification and the development of targeted interventions addressing these modifiable social factors to potentially reduce healthcare utilization and improve outcomes for vulnerable populations with heart failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic kidney disease is associated with worse survival after revascularization in subjects with genetically diagnosed familial hypercholesterolemia and significant coronary artery disease","authors":"Kae-Woei Liang , Han-Ni Chuang , Li-Chin Liao , Tzu-Hung Hsiao , Wayne H.-H. Sheu , Hsin Tung","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Few studies have reported survival data and the associated factors in FH patients with significant CAD after revascularization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed 79 genetically confirmed FH who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in a single medical center. Genetic variants for FH were identified by next-generation sequencing. A logistic regression was performed to find the associated factors for choosing CABG revascularization. The Kaplan-Meier equation and the stratified survival curve with log-rank testing were depicted for significant associated factors for survival.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 62 men (78.5%) and 17 women (21.5%) in this study. Twenty-three (29.1%) underwent CABG and 56 (70.9%) received only PCI. Logistic regression revealed that a higher LDL-C record and a higher coronary Jeopardy score were associated with CABG revascularization. The median duration of follow-up was 61 months after revascularization and 11 patients (13.9%) died. The cumulative survival at 5 years was 88.5%. The deceased patients had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (62.3 ± 18.6 vs. 81.2 ± 21.2 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, <em>p</em> = 0.007) and a higher proportion with CKD (54.5% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.007). The Kaplan-Meier equation with log-rank testing (<em>p</em> = 0.018) showed that subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had worse survival.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A higher LDL-C and coronary severity score were associated with CABG revascularization. Chronic kidney disease and lower eGFR were associated with worse survival in subjects with FH and CAD after revascularization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cardiovascular sex differences and associated factors among adult population in Somaliland using insights from Somaliland demography and health survey","authors":"Idiris F. Mohamed , Hodo Abdikarim , Shabcan Mohamed Ali , Hafsa Mohamed , Asma Mahamoud Abdillahi , Saeed Hassan Mohamed , Abdisalam Hassan Muse","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study objective</h3><div>To examine sex differences and identify associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults in Somaliland, in order to inform targeted public health interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative survey data.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Community-based, covering all regions of Somaliland.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A sample of 20,669 adults from the 2020 Somaliland Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS).</div></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><div>Not applicable (observational study).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measure(s)</h3><div>The primary outcome was the prevalence of self-reported, doctor-diagnosed CVD (including coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, and stroke). Key determinants were assessed via adjusted odds ratios (AOR) from multivariable logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall CVD prevalence was 0.94%, with significant sex and geographic disparities. Hypertension was the strongest predictor overall (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 3.26–6.71), with a greater effect in females (AOR = 5.10, 95% CI: 3.23–8.04). Diabetes was a significant risk factor for males only (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.11–6.07). Widowhood and rural residence increased CVD risk for females, while nomadic residence was protective for males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals significant, sex-specific disparities in CVD determinants in Somaliland. Public health strategies must prioritize hypertension and diabetes control, improve healthcare access for women—particularly widowed and rural residents—and develop regionally tailored interventions to mitigate the growing CVD burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Simeon , Elizabeth Evans , Sally Arif , Thomas Granado , Tochukwu M. Okwuosa , Annabelle Santos Volgman , Salaheldin Abusin
{"title":"Cancer therapy-associated Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: A narrative review of mechanisms, drug associations, and clinical implications","authors":"Michael Simeon , Elizabeth Evans , Sally Arif , Thomas Granado , Tochukwu M. Okwuosa , Annabelle Santos Volgman , Salaheldin Abusin","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anticancer therapies have been increasingly associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). As prior reports remain fragmented across case studies and drug-specific reviews, this paper offers one of the most comprehensive reviews to date of cancer therapy-associated TTC. While classically triggered by emotional or physical stress, TTC has been increasingly associated with chemotherapy and other cancer-directed therapies. This literature review explores the pathophysiology, clinical features, and evolving evidence linking anticancer agents to TTC, with a focus on cytotoxic cancer therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted treatments, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.</div><div>We describe the proposed mechanisms of cancer therapy-associated TTC, the diagnostic challenges, particularly in patients with cancer, and the complex management strategies, especially regarding the decision to resume oncologic treatment after TTC recovery.</div><div>Given the increasing use of cardiotoxic agents, a multidisciplinary approach to cardio-oncology care among patients with suspected TTC is crucial. More research is needed to understand the role of TTC in cardiac dysfunction among patients with cancer, clarify risk stratification methods, and improve outcomes for patients at risk of TTC during cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}