American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Achieving equitable access to incretin-based therapies in cardiovascular care","authors":"Tina K. Reddy ,&nbsp;Chloé D. Villavaso ,&nbsp;Anuhya V. Pulapaka ,&nbsp;Keith C. Ferdinand","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of incretin-based therapies, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists, in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity has been increasingly recognized, along with significant cardiovascular (CV) benefits. Despite the clinical efficacy of incretin-based therapies, high costs, suboptimal access, limited insurance coverage, and therapeutic inertia present substantial barriers to widespread adoption. Overcoming these obstacles is essential for the equitable initiation, access, and utilization of incretin-based therapies. Clinicians must make targeted efforts to ensure health equity in the use of these and other advanced therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224000983/pdfft?md5=494094e1cf7ab22754c230b4cc73d32d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224000983-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of intracoronary administration of small doses of nicorandil and verapamil on blood pressure and heart rate","authors":"Sha Liu ,&nbsp;Yuangang Qiu ,&nbsp;Chuqun Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nicorandil and verapamil can improve coronary blood flow and coronary microcirculation during percutaneous coronary intervention. However, the effects of intracoronary (IC) administration of nicorandil and verapamil on hemodynamics remain unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To clarify the safety and effects of IC administration of nicorandil and verapamil on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) to provide evidence-based basis for clinical intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study cohort included 70 patients with coronary artery stenosis recruited from Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IC administration of 2 mg/2 ml of nicorandil and 200 μg/2 ml of verapamil) or the control group (IC administration of 2 ml of saline). BP and HR were compared before medication, after medication, and when stabilized.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IC administration of verapamil at 200 μg significantly reduced systolic BP as compared to the control group (113.72 ± 3.40 vs. 123.63 ± 3.33 mmHg, respectively, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) for a short period of time, and returned to baseline within 2 min, but had no effect on diastolic BP and HR. IC administration injection of nicorandil at 2 mg had no effect on BP or HR. There were no instances of major cardiovascular events.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>IC administration of nicorandil at 2 mg is safe as an adjunctive medication during interventional angiography. Verapamil can also be used as an IC adjuvant, although BP and HR must be monitored for patients with low basal BP, especially systolic BP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224001046/pdfft?md5=f74d767fe74078552676d87b0a4bbf95&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224001046-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis of myocarditis stratified by initial clinical presentation: Does “intermediate” risk still play a role?","authors":"Daniela Di Lisi ,&nbsp;Cristina Madaudo ,&nbsp;Maria Gabriella Carmina ,&nbsp;Francesco Clemenza ,&nbsp;Domenico Scelfo ,&nbsp;Eluisa La Franca ,&nbsp;Michela Pieri ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Vitale ,&nbsp;Alfredo Ruggero Galassi ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Novo","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/aims</h3><p>Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease with diverse clinical presentations. It is known that low-risk patients have a good prognosis compared to high-risk patients. There are few data regarding the prognosis of intermediate-risk patients. This study aimed to analyze the long-term outcomes of patients with acute myocarditis with different risk profiles at presentation, focusing on the intermediate risk one.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective multicenter study was conducted, enrolling patients who met the diagnostic criteria for clinically suspected myocarditis with acute presentation. Patients were stratified into high, intermediate and low risk, according to the classification proposed by Sinagra and his team. Cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) were assessed after a median follow-up of 19 months. Echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters predictive of adverse events have been reported.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We enrolled 127 patients (mean age 30 ± 13 years; 103 men, 24 women). High-risk patients had a higher frequency of adverse events (80 %) compared to other groups (16 %–16 %, p &lt; 0.0001). An association was observed between the number of segments with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) at baseline CMR and the occurrence of adverse events (p &lt; 0.0037). The sum of segments with LGE was statistically correlated with lower left ventricular GLS (p &lt; 0.009). The number of segments with LGE that most accurately identified the occurrence of adverse events was 2.5 [AUC 0.5; p = 0.24].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study confirms the higher incidence of AE in the high group; the prognosis of patients at intermediate risk is not very different from those at low risk. It can be hypothesized that the extent of LGE at baseline is the main predictor of adverse events in patients at intermediate risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224001010/pdfft?md5=c00958d0c2879f8beba18375433d81d4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224001010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver fibrosis according to diabetes status and relation to cardiovascular risk and mortality in US adults","authors":"Matthew Bang,&nbsp;Wenjun Fan,&nbsp;Nathan D. Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study objective</h3><div>Liver fibrosis is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. However, it is unknown how these risks compare in those with pre-diabetes (pre-DM) or diabetes (DM). We examined the association of FIB-4 levels, an indicator of liver fibrosis, with CVD risk and mortality according to DM status.</div></div><div><h3>Design and setting</h3><div>Prospective, longitudinal cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>We examined 13,326 U.S. adults (6.7 % with DM) with FIB-4 measures classified as low (&lt;1.30), intermediate (1.30- &lt; 2.67), high (2.67- &lt; 3.25), and very high (≥3.25). National Death Index linkage provided mortality status for CVD, liver-related, and all causes over 17.5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcomes</h3><div>We calculated 10-year ASCVD risk in persons without known ASCVD. Cox regression examined the relation of FIB-4 with mortality by DM status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High/very high FIB-4 levels were greater in those with (2.2 %) vs. without (0.4 %) DM (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Higher FIB-4 scores and DM were associated with greater estimated ASCVD risks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001); 44.5 % of those at high /very high FIB-4 levels had ≥20 % estimated ASCVD risk. CVD mortality hazard ratios (HRs) (95 % CI) associated with high/very high FIB-4 in those with pre-DM and DM were 8.76 (3.66–20.95), and 0.89 (0.22–3.53), respectively, and for total mortality were 5.46 (3.16–9.43), and 2.07 (0.90–4.74), respectively, which were attenuated after adjustment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicate the need for increased efforts to identify those at risk of liver fibrosis in adults with pre-DM or DM to prevent CVD and total mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224001009/pdfft?md5=9b19babe0ac07725c55affcad4a3fdd1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224001009-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart disease and heart failure: Trends and disparities in mortality rates in the United States from 2000 to 2020","authors":"C.A. Dimala ,&nbsp;C. Reggio ,&nbsp;W. Khalife ,&nbsp;A. Donato","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study objective</h3><p>To describe the age, sex and racial disparities in mortality rates for heart disease (HD) and heart failure (HF) in the United States (US) between 2000 and 2020.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>This was an ecological study with trend analysis of mortality rates.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>United States.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Adults aged 18 years and above.</p></div><div><h3>Main outcomes measures</h3><p>Mortality rates per 100,000 for HD and HF.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a significant decrease in the age-standardized mortality rate for HD over the past two decades (from 343.5 per 100,000 cases to 215.1 per 100,000 cases, p &lt; 0.001). HD mortality rates were significantly higher in males (p &lt; 0.001), non-Hispanic blacks (p &lt; 0.001) and in adults aged 65+ (p &lt; 0.001) and 75+ (p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant change in the age-standardized mortality rate for HF (from 26.9 per 100,000 cases to 25.7 per 100,000 cases (p = 0.706)) due to a reversal in the trend beyond 2011. Though the HF mortality rates were significantly lower in males (p = 0.001), and not significantly different in non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites, there were shifts in trends beyond 2016, with higher rates in males and in non-Hispanic blacks compared to non-Hispanic whites.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In summary, this study underscores significant reductions in heart disease mortality rates over the past two decades, alongside persistent disparities among different demographic groups. It also highlights emerging trends in heart failure mortality rates in particular population subgroups in recent years, necessitating further exploration to inform targeted interventions and policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224001022/pdfft?md5=95ed75e4b17c243f7ccd38f0a320f699&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224001022-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue: Women and cardiovascular trials","authors":"Annabelle Santos Volgman","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224000703/pdfft?md5=0e79547eea9458f6b24a39f5dd9d48a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224000703-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of cardiovascular care in 2024","authors":"Rushi Patel ,&nbsp;David E. Winchester","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224000922/pdfft?md5=afc0c640073e575b1cd129931627e02f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224000922-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on: Safety and efficacy of aminophylline in the prevention of bradyarrhythmia during coronary atherectomy","authors":"Robert F. Riley ,&nbsp;Timothy D. Henry","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224000806/pdfft?md5=8529f5c9f684df1959d3a167a4080abd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224000806-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of cardiogenic shock outcomes in acute myocardial infarction with polyvascular disease","authors":"Marlon V. Gatuz ,&nbsp;Rami Abu-Fanne ,&nbsp;Dmitry Abramov ,&nbsp;Maguli Barel ,&nbsp;Mamas A. Mamas ,&nbsp;Ariel Roguin ,&nbsp;Ofer Kobo","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the leading cause of mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, especially in those with vascular disease. This study aimed to assess the association between extent of polyvascular disease and the in hospital management and outcome of patients with AMI-induced CS.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2019, adult patients with AMI and CS with known vascular disease were identified and stratified by number of diseased vascular beds and into STEMI and NSTEMI subgroups. The study assessed in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), mortality, acute CVA and major bleeding, as well as invasive management by number of diseased vascular beds.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 136,245 patients, 57.9 % attributed to STEMI and 42.1 % to NSTEMI. The study revealed that the likelihood of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) [(aOR for 2 beds 0.94, CI 0.91–0.96, <em>p</em>-value &lt; 0.001; 3 beds 1.0, CI 0.94–1.06, <em>p</em>-value 0.96)] and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) [(aOR for 2 beds 0.66, CI 0.64–0.69, <em>p</em>-value &lt; 0.001; 3 beds 0.76, CI 0.71–0.81, p-value &lt; 0.001)] decreased as the number of diseased vascular sites increased. The study also highlighted a direct dose-response relationship between the number of diseased vascular beds and major adverse outcomes, including MACCE, mortality and acute CVA, underscoring the prognostic significance of polyvascular disease in this patient population.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study demonstrated that polyvascular disease significantly worsens AMI-induced CS outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of early identification and aggressive management of polyvascular disease in these patients. Further research is needed to develop targeted treatment strategies for this high-risk population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602224000958/pdfft?md5=539c175f8674fa3791d558ea9fcbdf2f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666602224000958-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender disparities in outcomes of cardiogenic shock secondary to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy","authors":"Shafaqat Ali ,&nbsp;Yehya Khlidj ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar ,&nbsp;Sanchit Duhan ,&nbsp;Faryal Farooq ,&nbsp;Bijeta Keisham ,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar Ponna ,&nbsp;Kalgi Modi","doi":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) has a preponderance for females, particularly postmenopausal. However, recent data from multicenter registries identified a worse prognosis in male patients, particularly with cardiogenic shock. We aim to investigate gender disparities in outcomes of TTC-associated cardiogenic shock (TTC-CS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The National Readmission Database (2016–2020) was utilized to identify TTC-CS hospitalizations. Cohorts were stratified by gender. A Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model, which utilized complete Mahalanobis Distance Matching within the Propensity Score Caliper following multivariate regression, successfully matched males and females. Pearson's χ² test was applied to the propensity-matched cohorts to compare outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 12,803 TTC-CS hospitalizations, the majority (74.1 %) were females (N: 9490), and 25.9 % were males (N: 3313). On propensity-matched cohorts (2609), males were found to have higher in-hospital mortality (31 % vs. 26 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), higher incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (14 % vs. 10.8 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), endotracheal intubation (52.1 % vs. 48.8 %, p: 0.001), acute liver injury (18 % vs. 15.9 %, p: 0.004), acute stroke (7.2 % vs. 5.8 %, p: 0.004), cardiac arrhythmias (55.1 % vs. 49.3 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and acute kidney injury (63.1 % vs. 49 %, p &lt; 0.001); while female patients were found to have higher utilization of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) modalities (16.1 % vs 13.2 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</p><p>Males had a higher adjusted cost of hospitalization ($54,537 vs. $42,805, p &lt; 0.001) with a higher median length of hospital stay (10 vs. 9 days, p &lt; 0.001). The two groups had no significant difference in 30, 90, and 180-day readmission rates (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). From 2016 to 2020; mortality has not changed significantly for TTC-CS, while the use of percutaneous coronary angiogram (PCA) and MCS has down-trended (p-trend &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>For TTC-CS hospitalization, males have higher in-hospital mortality and complication rates, along with higher LOS and cost of hospitalization. Despite advances in the management of CS, there was no significant difference in mortality from 2016 to 2020.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72158,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266660222400096X/pdfft?md5=f28ddebcb825077be59d1909464b5366&pid=1-s2.0-S266660222400096X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}