Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the intersection of prenatal alcohol exposure and postnatal adversity: A systematic review from a developmental psychopathology lens","authors":"Madeline N. Rockhold,&nbsp;Elizabeth D. Handley,&nbsp;Christie L. M. Petrenko","doi":"10.1111/acer.15483","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15483","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are among the most common neurodevelopmental disabilities. Individuals with FASD experience postnatal adversity (PA; i.e., child maltreatment or other potentially traumatic events) at exceedingly high rates. This adversity is connected to increased internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. The current systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature regarding the intersectionality of FASD/prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and postnatal adversity utilizing the developmental psychopathology (DP) framework. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards, systematic identification of studies through PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted. Primary data on PAE, postnatal adversity, individual functioning (biological, cognitive, and affective), external systems, and familial and cultural contexts were extracted. Furthermore, quality assessment information was extracted for all studies. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, individuals with FASD experience a weighted mean of 4.44 adverse childhood experiences. Multifinality in developmental outcomes was evident, as FASD and postnatal exposure impact mental health, cognitive ability, and biological processes. Cultural context and familial settings contribute to risk and resilience factors. The quality assessment points to unique strengths and areas for improvement within the literature. Aligning with the DP framework, the intersection of FASD and postnatal adversity is complex and impacts various developmental processes. Systems and cultural context add to this complexity. Intervention development taking into consideration these multiple factors is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"25-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and application of murine models of alcoholic liver disease: A narrative review","authors":"Mengsi Liu,&nbsp;Mingying Zhou,&nbsp;Xueyi Ren,&nbsp;Yandi Xie","doi":"10.1111/acer.15520","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, there have been significant advances in pathological research on alcoholic liver disease (ALD), with suitable animal models making a significant contribution. However, the currently established animal ALD models still have some significant drawbacks, especially the inability to induce the entire human ALD lineage, which may be related to physiological differences between animals and humans. This review comprehensively summarized the most widely used experimental models of ALD, including voluntary drinking, Lieber–DeCarli, Meadows–Cook, Tsukamoto–French, NIAAA, and the “second hit” model. “Second hit” refers to an additional factor that damages the liver. There are various “second hit” models that fall into two main categories: particular diets and drugs. These models can either simulate human drinking patterns more accurately or produce varying degrees of ALD without significantly increasing animal mortality. We introduced the established method of the original models, discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing models from the aspects of operability and practicality, and provided existing improvement methods, hoping to provide a reference for future researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"271-284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled trial of Native CHOICES: Impact on alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk reduction among American Indian and Alaska Native women","authors":"Jessica Hanson,&nbsp;Carolyn Noonan,&nbsp;Kyra Oziel,&nbsp;Karen Little Wounded,&nbsp;Serea Darnell,&nbsp;Robert Rosenman,&nbsp;Marcia O'Leary,&nbsp;Richard MacLehose,&nbsp;Michelle Sarche,&nbsp;Dedra Buchwald","doi":"10.1111/acer.15521","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15521","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevention of alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) involves reducing risky alcohol consumption among women at-risk for pregnancy, using effective contraception among women drinking at risky levels to prevent pregnancy, or both. This study presents the outcomes of a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of Native CHOICES, a culturally tailored adaptation of the CHOICES intervention, among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI/AN women aged 18–44 who were at-risk for an AEP were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the Native CHOICES intervention or a waitlist control group. Native CHOICES comprised two sessions of motivational interviewing and an elective contraception counseling session. Data were collected at baseline, and 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postbaseline. Due to the pandemic, the intervention was at times delivered remotely.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 404 women participated: 199 in the control group and 205 in the intervention group. Sixty-seven percent of the intervention group received the intervention in-person, and 33% participated by telephone or video call. Sixty-four percent of women completed all follow-up visits. At the six-month follow-up, the intervention did not demonstrate a significant impact on AEP risk compared with the control arm when analyzing all the data (RR = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–1.07). However, an exploratory subgroup analysis showed evidence of a reduction in AEP risk among participants who completed the study in-person before the COVID-19 pandemic (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63–0.98), which was not observed during or after the pandemic (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.91–1.24).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Native CHOICES intervention did not show evidence of effectiveness overall. However, exploratory analyses offer some evidence that the intervention was effective prior to the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"488-498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology and correlates of alcohol misuse in early midlife","authors":"Erin Lumpe,&nbsp;Angela Pascale,&nbsp;Mallory Stephenson,&nbsp;Peter Barr,&nbsp;Megan E. Cooke,&nbsp;Antti Latvala,&nbsp;Hermine H. M. Maes,&nbsp;Sari Aaltonen,&nbsp;Maarit Piirtola,&nbsp;Richard Viken,&nbsp;Richard J. Rose,&nbsp;Pyry N. Sipilä,&nbsp;Anna Keski-Rahkonen,&nbsp;Eero Vuoksimaa,&nbsp;Jaakko Kaprio,&nbsp;Danielle M. Dick,&nbsp;Jessica E. Salvatore","doi":"10.1111/acer.15513","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15513","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early midlife individuals (ages 30–40) experience demographic shifts that may influence the remainder of adult life. Although new or persistent alcohol misuse is common during this period, early midlife is understudied in alcohol use literature. We examined the heritability of alcohol misuse; the associations between alcohol misuse and sociodemographic factors, physical health, and well-being; and whether these associations were robust in cotwin comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 1446 Finnish twin pairs and 748 nonpaired Finnish twins with mean age 34 years. The alcohol misuse index was a composite measure of frequency of use, intoxication, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol problems assessed with the Malmö-modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index. Early midlife correlates included relationship status and length, family formation, unemployment status, education level, self-rated health, pain, sleeping difficulties, life satisfaction, psychological health, and other substance use. We employed a sex-limitation model to estimate early midlife heritability. Linear and fixed effects regression models were used for individual and cotwin comparison analyses, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Additive genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) components of alcohol misuse variance differed across sex (Females: A = 62%, E = 38%; Males: A = 49%, E = 51%). In individual-based analyses, higher scores on the alcohol misuse index were associated with lower relationship stability, financial situation, education level, self-rated health, physical fitness, life satisfaction and psychological health, and higher self-reported pain, sleep difficulties, unemployment rates and other substance use (<i>R</i>² = 0.008–0.12). Associations remained significant in cotwin comparison analyses (<i>R</i>² <i>=</i> 0.004–0.10) except for financial situation and education level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is evidence of sex differences in the etiological factors that influence early midlife drinking. After controlling for confounding familial factors, associations between alcohol misuse and poorer early midlife functioning largely remained, suggesting that alcohol misuse may play a role in poorer functioning across several outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"301-314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased mortality from alcohol use disorder, alcohol-associated liver disease, and liver cancer from alcohol among older adults in the United States: 2000 to 2021","authors":"Pojsakorn Danpanichkul,&nbsp;Kwanjit Duangsonk,&nbsp;Ethan Kai Jun Tham,&nbsp;Primrose Tothanarungroj,&nbsp;Thanida Auttapracha,&nbsp;Vitchapong Prasitsumrit,&nbsp;Benedix Sim,&nbsp;Daniel Tung,&nbsp;Romelia Barba,&nbsp;Robert J. Wong,&nbsp;Lorenzo Leggio,&nbsp;Ju Dong Yang,&nbsp;Vincent L. Chen,&nbsp;Mazen Noureddin,&nbsp;Luis Antonio Díaz,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Arab,&nbsp;Karn Wijarnpreecha,&nbsp;Suthat Liangpunsakul","doi":"10.1111/acer.15516","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15516","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the trends in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), liver cancer from alcohol, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) burden among older adults in the United States (US).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We gathered the ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD prevalence, mortality, and age-standardized rates (ASRs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 between 2010 and 2021. We estimated the annual percent change (APC) with confidence intervals (CIs) for the burden of ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD in older adults (&gt;70 years) in the United States. The findings were contrasted with global estimates and categorized by sex and state.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2021, there were approximately 512,340 cases of AUD, 56,990 cases of ALD, and 4490 cases of primary liver cancer from alcohol among older adults in the United States. In contrast to declining ASRs of prevalence and mortality in the global burden, these parameters were increased in older adults in the United States. From 2000 to 2021, prevalence from AUD (APC: 0.54%, 95% CI 0.43% to 0.65%), ALD (APC + 0.54%, 95% CI 0.22% to 0.86%), and primary liver cancer from alcohol (APC 2.93%, 95% CI 2.76% to 3.11%) increased. Forty states in the United States exhibited a rise in the prevalence rates of ALD in older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlighted the increased prevalence and mortality of AUD, ALD, and primary liver cancer from alcohol among older adults in the United Sates, contrasting with the decline in global trends. Public health strategies on ALD, AUD, and primary liver cancer from alcohol, which targets older adults, are urgently needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"368-378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' perspectives and behaviors regarding their child's access to alcohol: Variation by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood","authors":"Carolyn E. Sartor,&nbsp;Shawn J. Latendresse,&nbsp;Kristina M. Jackson,&nbsp;Mai-Ly N. Steers,&nbsp;Sharon Lipperman-Kreda,&nbsp;Tim Slade,&nbsp;Tammy Chung","doi":"10.1111/acer.15498","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15498","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Setting rules about alcohol use and minimizing its availability in the home are known effective parent-level strategies for reducing underage drinking risk. However, parents' restrictions and their perceptions of their child's alcohol access have rarely been considered in combination (e.g., determining if rule-setting consistently accompanies perceived easy access), despite the potential to inform targeted prevention. The current study identified patterns in six parent-reported indicators of their child's alcohol restrictions and access and characterized them with respect to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, community type (urban, suburban, or rural), and neighborhood (dis)advantage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latent profile analysis was applied to Follow-up Year 2 data from the parents of Black, Latinx, and White participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (<i>n</i> = 9586; youth mean age = 12.05; 47.50% girl, 51.32% boy, 0.32% other gender; 14.29% Black, 25.97% Latinx, and 59.74% White) to derive distinct profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four profiles (subgroups) emerged: High Restrictions/No Drinkers in Household (32.18%), Low Restrictions/High Access (29.58%), High Restrictions/High Access (26.38%), and High Restrictions/Low Access (11.86%). Black and Latinx youth and parents with relatively low educational attainment and income were overrepresented in the High Restrictions/No Drinkers in Household and High Restrictions/Low Access subgroups. By contrast, the low restrictions subgroups were composed primarily of parents of White youth living in advantaged neighborhoods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings support the notion that parents' perspectives and behaviors around youth alcohol access cannot be divided simply into restrictive and permissive. Further, the observed differences by demographic and neighborhood factors suggest the value of tailoring parent-level prevention approaches to consider community norms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the effects of alcohol policies on treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant people","authors":"Nancy F. Berglas,&nbsp;Sue Thomas,&nbsp;Ryan Treffers,&nbsp;Pamela J. Trangenstein,&nbsp;Meenakshi S. Subbaraman,&nbsp;Sarah C. M. Roberts","doi":"10.1111/acer.15512","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15512","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines whether state-level alcohol policy types in the United States relate to substance use disorder treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant and birthing people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from the Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions (TEDS-A) and Vital Statistics birth data for 1992–2019. We examined 16 state-level policies, grouped into three types: youth-specific, general population, and pregnancy-specific alcohol policies. Using Poisson and logistic regression, we assessed policy effects for those under 21 (aged 15–20) and considered whether effects differed for those just over 21 (aged 21–24).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Youth-specific policies were not associated with treatment admissions or preterm birth. There were statistically significant associations between family exceptions to minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) policies and low birthweight, but findings were in opposite directions across possession-focused and consumption-focused (MLDA) policies and did not differentially apply to people 15–20 versus 21–24. Most pregnancy-specific policies were not associated with treatment admissions, and none were significantly associated with birth outcomes. A few general population policies were associated with improved birth outcomes and/or increased treatment admissions. Specifically, both government spirits monopolies and prohibitions of spirits and heavy beer sales in gas stations were associated with decreased low birthweight among people 15–20 and among people 21–24. Effects of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) limits varied by age, with slight reductions in adverse birth outcomes among people 15–20, as BAC limits get stronger, but slight increases for those 21–24. Although treatment admissions rates across ages were similar when BAC limits were in place, treatment admissions were greater for pregnant people 21–24 than for 15–20 when there were no BAC limits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>General population policies also appear effective for reducing the adverse effects of drinking during pregnancy for young people, including those under 21. Policies that target people based on age or pregnancy status appear less effective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"460-475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connectivity of the neuronal network for contextual fear memory is disrupted in a mouse model of third-trimester binge-like ethanol exposure","authors":"Mitchell D. Morningstar,&nbsp;Katalina M. Lopez,&nbsp;Stefanie S. Mayfield,&nbsp;Roberto N. Almeida-Mancero,&nbsp;Joshua Marquez,&nbsp;Andres M. Flores,&nbsp;Brooke R. Hafer,&nbsp;Edilberto Estrada,&nbsp;Gwen A. Holtzman,&nbsp;Emerald V. Goranson,&nbsp;Natalie M. Reid,&nbsp;Abigale R. Aldrich,&nbsp;Desna V. Ghatalia,&nbsp;Juhee R. Patel,&nbsp;Christopher M. Padilla,&nbsp;Glenna J. Chavez,&nbsp;Javier Kelly-Roman,&nbsp;Pooja A. Bhakta,&nbsp;C. Fernando Valenzuela,&nbsp;David N. Linsenbardt","doi":"10.1111/acer.15503","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15503","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In rodents, third-trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure (TTAE) produces significant deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory processes such as contextual fear conditioning (CFC). The present study sought to characterize changes in both behavior and Fos⁺ neurons following CFC in ethanol (EtOH)-treated versus saline-treated mice using TRAP2:Ai14 mice that permanently label Fos⁺ neurons following a tamoxifen injection. We hypothesized that TTAE would produce long-lasting disruptions to the networks engaged following CFC with a particular emphasis on the limbic memory system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On postnatal day 7, mice received either two injections of saline or 2.5 g/kg EtOH spaced 2 h apart. The mice were left undisturbed until they reached adulthood, at which point they underwent CFC. After context exposure on day 2, mice received a tamoxifen injection. Brain tissue was harvested. Slides were automatically imaged using a Zeiss AxioScanner. Manual counts on a priori regions of interest were conducted. Automated counts were performed on the whole brain using the QUINT 2D stitching pipeline. Last, novel network analyses were applied to identify future regions of interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TTAE reduced context recall on day 2 of CFC. Fos⁺ neural density increased in the CA1 and CA3. Fos⁺ counts were reduced in the anteroventral (AV) and anterodorsal thalamus. The limbic memory system showed significant hyperconnectivity in male TTAE mice, and the AV shifted affinity toward hippocampal subregions. Last, novel regions such as a subparafascicular area and basomedial amygdalar nucleus were implicated as important mediators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that CFC is mediated by the limbic memory system and is disrupted following TTAE. Given the increase in CA1 and CA3 activity, a potential hypothesis is that TTAE causes disruptions to memory encoding following day 1 conditioning. Future studies will aim to determine whether this disruption specifically affects the encoding or retrieval of fear memories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"315-331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the commentary on “Blockade of thromboxane A2 signaling attenuates ethanol-induced myocardial inflammatory response in mice”","authors":"Weilun Ai,&nbsp;Viswanathan Saraswathi","doi":"10.1111/acer.15510","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15510","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We appreciate the commentary by Sharp and Van (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) on our recent publication regarding the effect of antagonizing thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TP-R) in attenuating ethanol-induced myocardial inflammatory response in mice (Ai et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In this commentary, Sharp and Van raised some concerns about our study design, clinical significance, and novelty of targeting TP-R as a therapeutic strategy for alcohol-associated cardiomyopathy (ACM). Some of the concerns and points made by Sharp and Van regarding our article are addressed below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the concerns is that our study lacked cardiac function measurements. This is an important point, and we have acknowledged this limitation in the discussion and our study mainly focused on the molecular changes happening during early-cardiac injury. However, it is our intent to perform functional studies, and we are currently working on performing echocardiography to determine the effectiveness of SQ 29,548 (SQ) in altering cardiac function upon ethanol exposure. A study by Matyas et al. (&lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) showed that the chronic plus one binge model used in our study exhibits markers of cardiac dysfunction including contractile dysfunction and impaired left ventricular relaxation. Therefore, further assessment of cardiac function in this model is likely to provide information regarding the effectiveness of SQ in improving ethanol-induced cardiac dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is also discussed that TP-R antagonists persist as a powerful research tool, yet they currently lack clinical utility. We respectfully disagree with this comment. In fact, TP-R antagonists are being used to manage asthma, arterial thrombosis, and peripheral artery disease in some Asian and European countries (Capra et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Moreover, Picotamide, a combined inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase and receptor, reduces 2-year mortality in diabetics with peripheral arterial disease (Neri Serneri et al., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;). Further, this drug improved renal hemodynamics and kidney function and favorably affects indices of cardiac performance in patients with severe congestive heart failure (Castellani et al., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;). Ifetroban, a TP-R antagonist, has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Moreover, other Phase 2 trials are ongoing to determine the effectiveness of Ifetroban against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. Thus, targeting TP-R remains a promising approach to manage a number of ailments including cardiovascular disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is argued that the adverse effects of aspirin, which inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and downstream TXA2, limits the clinical utility of current TP-R-related pharmacotherapies. It should be pointed out that COX inhibitors and TP-R antagonists are different classes of compounds. COX inhibitors inhibit the formation of both prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Whi","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"289-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and paternal risk factors associated with diagnoses within the continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the USA: Proximal and distal influences","authors":"Philip A. May,&nbsp;Julie M. Hasken,&nbsp;Julie M. Stegall,&nbsp;Heather A. Mastro,&nbsp;Amy Baete,&nbsp;Jaymi Russo,&nbsp;Rosemary Bozeman,&nbsp;Mary Kay Burns,&nbsp;Jo-Viviane Jones,&nbsp;Wendy O. Kalberg,&nbsp;David Buckley,&nbsp;Omar Abdul-Rahman,&nbsp;Margaret P. Adam,&nbsp;Tamison Jewett,&nbsp;Luther K. Robinson,&nbsp;Melanie A. Manning,&nbsp;H. Eugene Hoyme","doi":"10.1111/acer.15501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15501","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to determine risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers of first-grade children participating in the Collaboration on FASD Prevalence (CoFASP) in three regional sites were interviewed. Maternal and paternal data were reported by mothers of children with an FASD diagnosis and controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interviews were conducted with mothers of children with an FASD (<i>n</i> = 114) and controls (<i>n</i> = 753). Fifty-seven percent of control mothers usually drank 2.7 drinks per drinking day (DDD) once per month prior to pregnancy, and 79% of mothers of children with FASD reported drinking 4.2 drinks 1–2 times per week. Mothers of children with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder reported the most alcohol consumption overall: bingeing, drinking frequency, drinking in each trimester, and other drug use. Mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (PFAS) underreported consumption. Distal maternal risk factors were liver problems, depression, later pregnancy recognition and first prenatal visit, lower frequency of marriage, and lower spirituality. Postnatal risk indicators were low birthweight and gestational age. Regression analysis indicated that maternal reports of three DDD before pregnancy were associated with a diagnosis within the FASD continuum (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, OR = 9.92). First-trimester exposure (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, OR = 7.64) and all three trimesters (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, OR = 7.77) were associated with a child's FASD diagnosis. An independent association was found between paternal DDD during pregnancy and FASD diagnoses (<i>p</i> = 0.002, OR = 1.08); but, once maternal drinking was a covariate, paternal influence was not significant. Stepwise models indicated that combined maternal alcohol use measures (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>χ</i>² = 61.09), later pregnancy recognition (<i>p</i> = 0.032, <i>χ</i>² = 4.58), later prenatal visits (<i>p</i> = 0.036, <i>χ</i>² = 4.38), and depression in lifetime (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>χ</i>² = 9.47) were significant FASD predictors. The final 10-step model explained 27.4% of the variance in FASD risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While multiple, significant maternal risk factors for FASD were identified, paternal drinking was not a statistically significant, independent risk factor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"185-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}