Aging and health research最新文献

{"title":"The accuracy of bedside attention tests for delirium detection in older outpatients with cognitive impairment","authors":"D.W.P. Quispel-Aggenbach ,&nbsp;Sytse U Zuidema ,&nbsp;Hendrika J Luijendijk","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To determine the test accuracy of four observations, three explorations and four short tests commonly used in psychiatric examinations to detect attention disorders related to delirium in older outpatients.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We performed a test accuracy study among 86 older patients referred for cognitive screening to an outpatient clinic of a psychiatric institution. Eleven index tests were applied without knowledge of the reference standard. A geriatrician or psychiatrist blinded to the results of the index tests determined the reference diagnosis with DSM-IV-TR criteria. Observations were lack of adequate/ regular eye-contact, dozing off during conversation, dozing off when not stimulated, and losing the point of story. Explored was lack of concentration during activities, difficulty following conversation, and being easily distracted. Serial 7s, WORLD spelled backward, months of the year backward (MOTYB) and counting back from 20 to 0 were applied. Test accuracy was calculated for the single tests and combinations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Dozing off during conversation scored high specificity (97.9 %) as did dozing off when not stimulated (97.9 %), but both had low sensitivity (&lt; 27.9 %). Test accuracy of the exploration questions was low. Serial 7s and WORLD spelled backwards had high sensitivity (92.7 %, respectively 80.5 %) but low specificity (&lt; 51.1 % %). The best combination was MOTYB with WORLD spelled backward (sensitivity of 63.4 %, specificity of 77.8 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>No single observation, exploration or short test of attention was found to have both high sensitivity and specificity. Probably, attention deficits in delirium are best detected with a combination of observations and short tests as part of a comprehensive psychiatric examination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032124000179/pdfft?md5=a775706520258d311c82a0b09ad0ac9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032124000179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overuse of benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders in older adults and cognitive decline: Which alternatives?","authors":"Leonardo Massoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are psychotropic drugs that are often used to treat anxiety, including in older people. It is known that BDZs are sometimes prescribed inappropriately or used for longer than allowed by the guidelines. As a result, BDZs may be associated with tolerance symptoms, cognitive impairment, and confusion, especially when taken by geriatric patients. On the other hand, chronic anxiety is also known to be associated with cognitive decline in older age. This review analyzes the effects of inappropriate consumption of BDZs over a long period of time in older adults and proposes therapeutic alternatives to combat anxiety symptoms in the older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032124000180/pdfft?md5=0b0bfe3c362423a0525a458ad582d734&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032124000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid evidence review on health literacy and health behaviors in older populations","authors":"Brianna Rae Kirby,&nbsp;Olivia Lindly","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic health conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease are highly prevalent in the older adult population. Engaging in health behaviors can help prevent the onset of or better manage these conditions. To better understand how to increase older adult engagement in health behaviors, this rapid evidence review evaluated the relationship between health literacy and health behaviors in adults over the age of 65. The databases utilized for this review were PubMed (Medline), EBSCO (APA PsycInfo, Academic Search, and CINAHL Plus.) All six studies included demonstrated significant and positive associations between adequate health literacy and certain health behaviors including pap-smears, mammograms, physical activity, dietary variety, participation in medical checkups, patient participation in health care, hand hygiene practices, and diabetes self-management behaviors. Adequate health literacy was, however, associated with alcohol consumption in two studies. Knowing this, health professionals can utilize health literacy screening and interventions to promote health behaviors in older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032124000167/pdfft?md5=1fe740102767ef7e101e8c9f7df9f4fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032124000167-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal caregiving time and its monetary value in the context of older adults in Singapore","authors":"Nur Diyana Binte Azman ,&nbsp;Abhijit Visaria ,&nbsp;Veronica Shimin Goh ,&nbsp;Truls Østbye ,&nbsp;David Matchar ,&nbsp;Rahul Malhotra","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Little is known about the caregiving time of different types of caregivers in Singapore or its monetary value. We quantified the caregiving time of primary informal, secondary informal, and migrant domestic worker (MDW) caregivers of older adults and estimated the monetary value of caregiving time of primary and secondary informal caregivers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>278 primary informal caregivers reported the time provided by themselves, secondary informal caregivers and MDW caregivers in a typical week helping their care-recipients, aged ≥75 years, with activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, healthcare and social care use, other needs, and supervision of MDW caregivers. We estimated monetary value using the proxy good method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>On average, primary and secondary informal caregivers provided 33.0 (annual monetary value: S$15,959) and 8.4 (annual monetary value: S$4,062) caregiving hours/week. MDW caregivers provided even more – 42.0 h/week. Care-recipients received 60.5 h of care/week on average. Nationally, the monetary value of informal caregiving time for Singaporeans aged ≥75 years requiring human assistance was about S$1.28 billion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlights the substantial time commitment of informal and MDW caregivers. Our estimates of the monetary value of informal caregiving time can inform economic evaluations of care models for older adults and policies for supporting informal caregivers, particularly in societies that rely heavily on informal care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032124000143/pdfft?md5=2c8b5cd6e8f0712aab6e7704f77f8965&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032124000143-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive impairments by formaldehyde exposure in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Iman Attiah,&nbsp;Lujain Redha,&nbsp;Shakeel Ahmed Ansari","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly reactive molecule that is considered as a community concern due to the huge human exposure in industries, dissection unit in hospitals and academics. Furthermore, it is used in manufacturing paper and plywood, and preservation of biological specimens. FA is present normally in certain concentration in the brain and its metabolism plays a major role in methylation and demethylation of DNA, RNA and histones. However, excess concentration of FA reduces the cognitive function and causes dementia especially in aging brain. Recent studies investigated the link between excess exposure to FA and age-related cognitive impairment through NMDA-receptor dysregulation and other mechanisms including amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, alterations in alcohol dehydrogenase-5 (ALDH5) and Tau dysmetabolism and aggregation which serves as major causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent hypothesis agreed that when FA causes Aβ to accumulate in extracellular space, it prevents the medications that are dissolved in the interstitial fluid from permeating the injured cortical neurons and leads to neurons death. Although treatment of AD with phototherapy has been achieved before which involves the destruction of Aβ deposit; however, reducing the amount of exposure to FA and its derivatives remains a golden step in the prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032124000155/pdfft?md5=7471fc1ad8482072f9d2953bc3c549da&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032124000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141244391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sleep problems and self-perception of health among community-dwelling older adults: Data from the 2019 national health survey","authors":"Jaquelini Betta Canever ,&nbsp;Letícia Martins Cândido ,&nbsp;Katia Jakovljevic Pudla Wagner ,&nbsp;Ana Lúcia Danielewicz ,&nbsp;Helena Iturvides Cimarosti ,&nbsp;Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sleep problems in the older adults are often linked to their self-perceived health status, significantly affecting their overall well-being. Investigating this relationship is essential to understand how sleep impacts health perception in older adults and to develop targeted strategies to improve their quality of life and health outcomes. The objective was to verifying the association between sleep problems and negative self-perception of health in community-dwelling older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional study, with data from 43,554 older adults participants of the National Health Survey (PNS-2019). The exposure variable was self-report of sleep problems in the last 15 days (difficulty in falling asleep, waking up frequently at night, or sleeping more than usual) and the study endpoints were self-perception of health (positive/negative). Associations were checked using multivariable logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Older adults with sleep problems were 1.92 (95 %CI 1.77; 2.08) more likely to have a negative self-perception of health when compared to older adults without sleep problems.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings reinforce the need for programs aimed at reducing sleep problems in older adults, since these are associated with negative self-perceptions of health. A better understanding of these associations may help health care professionals to better control sleep disturbances as well as their outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032124000131/pdfft?md5=ca8ec57770268998917882a7df95e203&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032124000131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between healthcare use and migration background in persons with dementia: A cohort study in the Netherlands","authors":"Bianca T. Strooij ,&nbsp;Marieke T. Blom ,&nbsp;Hein P.J. van Hout ,&nbsp;Otto R. Maarsingh ,&nbsp;Petra J.M. Elders ,&nbsp;Jos P.C.M. van Campen ,&nbsp;Iris van der Heide ,&nbsp;Karlijn J. Joling","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>: Qualitative research shows barriers in access to healthcare for persons with a migration background, possibly leading to healthcare inequalities. We aimed to compare healthcare use between older community-dwelling persons with a migration background and native Dutch persons with dementia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>: Observational cohort study using electronic health records of NIVEL Primary Care Database (2013–2014) linked to nationwide administrative registries managed by Statistics Netherlands. We included all community-dwelling persons with dementia in the Netherlands aged 65 years and older. Negative binomial and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess differences in healthcare use outcomes. The largest migrant groups (persons born in Surinam, Turkey and Morocco) were studied separately.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>: 138,864 persons with dementia were included in the study, whereof 3,991 persons with a migration background and 132,477 native Dutch persons. Moroccan-born persons showed 1.46 higher odds of having an unplanned hospital admission compared to native Dutch persons (95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.22–1.74). Persons with a migration background used less professional home care (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.55, 95 %CI 0.51–0.59), and received less home visits from their general practitioner (OR 0.50, 95 %CI 0.43–0.57) than native Dutch persons. Moroccan-born persons had more often an out-of-hours general practitioner consultation compared to native Dutch persons (Incidence Rate Ratio 1.36, 95 %CI 1.18–1.57).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>: We found significant quantitative differences in healthcare use between persons with a migration background and native Dutch persons with dementia. Further research is needed to gain insight into the reasons of these differences, with consideration of specific migration background.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266703212400012X/pdfft?md5=916be7ee51e7298fae4b48d79917c733&pid=1-s2.0-S266703212400012X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health care interventions for older adults living in nursing homes: An umbrella review","authors":"Mille Vogelius Bøtchiær ,&nbsp;Ellen Margrethe Bugge ,&nbsp;Palle Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review aims to assess the impact of oral health care interventions on the overall health enhancement and prevention of disease among older adults residing in nursing homes. A systematic search was conducted for reviews published between January 2012 and December 2022, focusing on oral health in nursing home settings. Seventeen reviews met the inclusion criteria, encompassing studies involving older adults, their families, and nursing home staff. Various databases, including PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, and others, were searched, and quality assessments were performed using established guidelines.</p><p>Findings suggest a correlation between oral health and nutritional status, with potential implications for pneumonia prevention through professional oral health care. However, recommendations for interventions remain elusive due to insufficient evidence, particularly regarding the effectiveness of oral health education for caregivers. Despite a documented low oral health-related quality of life among older nursing home residents, oral health promotion programs show promise in addressing this issue.</p><p>In conclusion, there is a pressing need to enhance oral health among older adults in nursing homes. While certain interventions demonstrate potential effectiveness, the current evidence lacks consistency and comprehensiveness. Future research efforts should prioritize collaborative approaches between practice and research to explore diverse outcomes and ensure optimal practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032124000118/pdfft?md5=1bc02724ca9276ead7f7d327f4825bbf&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032124000118-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140552415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of heat stress on cardiovascular health outcomes of older adults: A mini review","authors":"Nomagugu Ndlovu,&nbsp;Benedicta Nkeh Chungag","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heat waves are increasingly becoming a serious threat to human health, especially for children, adults above 65 years and vulnerable populations. Older adults are already burdened with several chronic illnesses with cardiovascular diseases being the most prevalent and among the leading causes of death in that population. In this review, we explore evidence of the impact of heat stress on cardiovascular health outcomes of older adults. We further attempt to simplify the mechanisms by which aging compromises thermoregulation of individuals above the age of 65 thereby exacerbating cardiovascular diseases. Articles used in this mini review were retrieved from PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus and other academic internet databases relevant to the field of study. The keywords used in the search were ‘heat stress’, ‘cardiovascular diseases in older adults’ ‘heat stress and cardiovascular diseases’ as well as ‘heat stress and aging’. The publications included in this mini review have been carefully chosen based on their relevance, reliability, and contribution to advancing our understanding of the topic. This review reveals that heat stress in older adults may lead to increased hospitalization and death in some cases. There is a dearth of studies focusing on this area in developing countries. Therefore, this review can stimulate research interest for under studied regions or countries on the subject area considering that heat stress is a growing concern as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the role of heat stress in cardiovascular diseases can help health care workers and policy makers to plan for mitigation strategies to avoid the risk of hospitalization and/or death during heat waves among older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032124000106/pdfft?md5=2a90edd51f88e4c0f26761162bf9aa9c&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032124000106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cerebral blood flow in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Dementia","authors":"Bhavisha Desai ,&nbsp;Olivia Edwards ,&nbsp;Lucy Beishon","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accounting for approximately 70 % of dementia cases and rising globally, Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (ADD) is a formidable challenge to patients, carers and healthcare professionals worldwide. ADD has a significant impact on patient's and carers’ quality of life, as well as substantial economical and societal costs. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of ADD to identify potential treatment targets is becoming an important research priority. For several decades, the amyloid cascade hypothesis has dominated ADD research, however recent critiques have called this into question. Research suggests there may be a significant vascular component, which may occur earlier, potentiate, and drive further amyloid pathology in the brain. One potential area for further exploration is the role of vascular dysregulation in the pathogenesis of ADD. In this review, we examine the current literature regarding vascular dysregulation, and its role in the development of ADD. We further explore the complexity involved in the intersection between vascular insults and the amyloid-cascade hypothesis, and call for further research in the use of cerebral blood flow for a diagnostic and therapeutic target for ADD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266703212400009X/pdfft?md5=a5a3011bce6e1b11a88a5dbf5f5a7d12&pid=1-s2.0-S266703212400009X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}