Affective science最新文献_第8页

Emotion Regulation Strategies and Beliefs About Emotions Predict Psychosocial Outcomes in Response to Multiple Stressors 情绪调节策略和关于情绪的信念预测多重压力下的心理社会结果

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0

Yael H. Waizman, Anna E. Sedykin, João F. Guassi Moreira, Natalie M. Saragosa-Harris, Jennifer A. Silvers, Tara S. Peris

{"title":"Emotion Regulation Strategies and Beliefs About Emotions Predict Psychosocial Outcomes in Response to Multiple Stressors","authors":"Yael H. Waizman, Anna E. Sedykin, João F. Guassi Moreira, Natalie M. Saragosa-Harris, Jennifer A. Silvers, Tara S. Peris","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotion regulation (ER) strategies and beliefs about emotions (implicit theories of emotions; ITE) may shape psychosocial outcomes during turbulent times, including the transition to adulthood and college while encountering stressors. The normative stressors associated with these transitions were compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a novel opportunity to examine how emerging adults (EAs) cope with sustained stressors. Stress exposures can heighten existing individual differences and serve as “turning points” that predict psychosocial trajectories. This pre-registered study (https://osf.io/k8mes) of 101 EAs (18–19 years old) examined whether ITE (believing emotions can change or not; incremental vs. entity beliefs) and ER strategy usage (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression usage) predicted changes in anxiety symptomatology and feelings of loneliness across five longitudinal assessments (across a 6-month period) before and during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. On average, EAs’ anxiety decreased after the pandemic outbreak but returned to baseline over time, while loneliness remained relatively unchanged across time. ITE explained variance in anxiety across time over and above reappraisal use. Conversely, reappraisal use explained variance in loneliness over and above ITE. For both anxiety and loneliness, suppression use resulted in maladaptive psychosocial outcomes across time. Thus, interventions that target ER strategies and ITE may ameliorate risk and promote resilience in EAs who experience increased instability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9613519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotion Norms Are Unique 情感规范是独一无二的。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00188-z

Allon Vishkin, Maya Tamir

引用次数: 1

Differences Between East Asians and Westerners in the Mental Representations and Visual Information Extraction Involved in the Decoding of Pain Facial Expression Intensity 东亚人与西方人在面部表情强度解码中的心理表征和视觉信息提取的差异

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1

Camille Saumure, Marie-Pier Plouffe-Demers, Daniel Fiset, Stéphanie Cormier, Ye Zhang, Dan Sun, Manni Feng, Feifan Luo, Miriam Kunz, Caroline Blais

{"title":"Differences Between East Asians and Westerners in the Mental Representations and Visual Information Extraction Involved in the Decoding of Pain Facial Expression Intensity","authors":"Camille Saumure, Marie-Pier Plouffe-Demers, Daniel Fiset, Stéphanie Cormier, Ye Zhang, Dan Sun, Manni Feng, Feifan Luo, Miriam Kunz, Caroline Blais","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effectively communicating pain is crucial for human beings. Facial expressions are one of the most specific forms of behavior associated with pain, but the way culture shapes expectations about the intensity with which pain is typically facially conveyed, and the visual strategies deployed to decode pain intensity in facial expressions, is poorly understood. The present study used a data-driven approach to compare two cultures, namely East Asians and Westerners, with respect to their mental representations of pain facial expressions (experiment 1, <i>N</i>=60; experiment 2, <i>N</i>=74) and their visual information utilization during the discrimination of facial expressions of pain of different intensities (experiment 3; <i>N</i>=60). Results reveal that compared to Westerners, East Asians expect more intense pain expressions (experiments 1 and 2), need more signal, and do not rely as much as Westerners on core facial features of pain expressions to discriminate between pain intensities (experiment 3). Together, those findings suggest that cultural norms regarding socially accepted pain behaviors shape the expectations about pain facial expressions and decoding visual strategies. Furthermore, they highlight the complexity of emotional facial expressions and the importance of studying pain communication in multicultural settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9610390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How to Improve Others’ Emotions: Reappraise and be Responsive 如何改善他人情绪：重新评价并做出回应

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00183-4

Olivia Jurkiewicz, C. Blair McGarrigle, Christopher Oveis

{"title":"How to Improve Others’ Emotions: Reappraise and be Responsive","authors":"Olivia Jurkiewicz, C. Blair McGarrigle, Christopher Oveis","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00183-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00183-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People often try to improve others’ emotions. However, it is unclear which interpersonal emotion regulation strategies are most effective and why. In 121 candid dyadic conversations between undergraduate students via video conferencing, target participants recounted a stressful event to regulator participants. Three strategies used by regulators during these conversations to change targets’ emotions were obtained from the regulator after the conversation: extrinsic reappraisal, extrinsic suppression, and extrinsic acceptance. Perceived regulator responsiveness was obtained from targets to examine the social consequences of extrinsic emotion regulation and its mediating role in successful extrinsic emotion regulation. We found that regulators’ extrinsic reappraisal use was associated with improved target emotions measured across two distinct classes of outcomes: targets’ emotions during the conversation and targets’ perception that the regulator improved their emotions. Regulators’ extrinsic suppression and acceptance, in contrast, were not related with improved target emotions or perceptions of improvement. Instead, all extrinsic regulatory strategies were associated with improved targets’ emotions when mediated by targets’ perceptions of regulator responsiveness. Finally, observer-ratings of regulators’ extrinsic reappraisal and suppression use were found to be consistent with regulators’ self-ratings and follow the same pattern of results on the outcome measures. These findings provide insight into why the social regulation of emotions can succeed or fail and hold implications for interventions aimed at guiding people toward more successfully improving others’ emotions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00183-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9607722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Emotional Granularity is Associated with Daily Experiential Diversity 情绪的粒度与日常体验的多样性有关。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00185-2

Katie Hoemann, Yeasle Lee, Peter Kuppens, Maria Gendron, Ryan L. Boyd

{"title":"Emotional Granularity is Associated with Daily Experiential Diversity","authors":"Katie Hoemann, Yeasle Lee, Peter Kuppens, Maria Gendron, Ryan L. Boyd","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00185-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00185-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotional granularity is the ability to create differentiated and nuanced emotional experiences and is associated with positive health outcomes. Individual differences in granularity are hypothesized to reflect differences in emotion concepts, which are informed by prior experience and impact current and future experience. Greater variation in experience, then, should be related to the rich and diverse emotion concepts that support higher granularity. Using natural language processing methods, we analyzed descriptions of everyday events to estimate the diversity of contexts and activities encountered by participants. Across three studies varying in language (English, Dutch) and modality (written, spoken), we found that participants who referred to a more varied and balanced set of contexts and activities reported more differentiated and nuanced negative emotions. Experiential diversity was not consistently associated with granularity for positive emotions. We discuss the contents of daily life as a potential source and outcome of individual differences in emotion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00185-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9619529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Introduction to Special Issue: Interventions to Modify Psychological Well-Being and Population Health 特刊简介：改善心理健康和人口健康的干预措施

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00184-3

Eric S. Kim, Judith T. Moskowitz, Laura D. Kubzansky

{"title":"Introduction to Special Issue: Interventions to Modify Psychological Well-Being and Population Health","authors":"Eric S. Kim, Judith T. Moskowitz, Laura D. Kubzansky","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00184-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00184-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Psychological ill-being is on the rise, with 1 in 5 Americans suffering from a mental disorder in any given year. Additional evidence demonstrates that psychological well-being has also decreased over time. These trends are particularly worrisome given the substantial and growing body of evidence demonstrating that psychological ill-being (e.g., depression, anxiety, anger) is associated with an elevated risk of developing chronic diseases and premature mortality, while aspects of psychological well-being (e.g., positive affect, sense of purpose and meaning, life satisfaction) are independently associated with improved physical health outcomes. An underexplored but promising approach to enhancing both psychological and physical health is through developing a set of tools that specifically target psychological well-being (often referred to as positive psychological interventions (PPIs) although many interventions developed outside the field of positive psychology also achieve these goals). Such interventions hold promise as a strategy for improving population health. However, critical knowledge gaps hold us back, and we have not yet developed a robust set of intervention strategies that can improve psychological well-being in meaningful, durable, and scalable ways that would also have downstream effects on physical health. The goal of this special issue is to help address these knowledge gaps by bringing together current conceptual frameworks, critical examination of key constructs, and novel empirical evidence needed to identify and examine interventions that can modify psychological well-being, particularly those that have the potential to be scaled at the population level and with durable effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00184-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9672115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why the Single-N Design Should Be the Default in Affective Neuroscience 为什么情感神经科学应采用单 N 设计？

IF 2.1

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00182-5

Håkan Fischer, Mats E. Nilsson, Natalie C. Ebner

{"title":"Why the Single-N Design Should Be the Default in Affective Neuroscience","authors":"Håkan Fischer, Mats E. Nilsson, Natalie C. Ebner","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00182-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00182-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many studies in affective neuroscience rely on statistical procedures designed to estimate population averages and base their main conclusions on group averages. However, the obvious unit of analysis in affective neuroscience is the individual, not the group, because emotions are individual phenomena that typically vary across individuals. Conclusions based on group averages may therefore be misleading or wrong, if interpreted as statements about emotions of an individual, or meaningless, if interpreted as statements about the group, which has no emotions. We therefore advocate the Single-N design as the default strategy in research on emotions, testing one or several individuals extensively with the primary purpose of obtaining results at the individual level. In neuroscience, the equivalent to the Single-N design is deep imaging, the emerging trend of extensive measurements of activity in single brains. Apart from the fact that individuals react differently to emotional stimuli, they also vary in shape and size of their brains. Group-based analysis of brain imaging data therefore refers to an “average brain” that was activated in a way that may not be representative of the physiology of any of the tested individual brains, nor of how these brains responded to the experimental stimuli. Deep imaging avoids such group-averaging artifacts by simply focusing on the individual brain. This methodological shift toward individual analysis has already opened new research areas in fields like vision science. Inspired by this, we call for a corresponding shift in affective neuroscience, away from group averages, and toward experimental designs targeting the individual.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00182-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121096332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Daily Sleep Quality and Support in Romantic Relationships: The Role of Negative Affect and Perspective-Taking 浪漫关系中的日常睡眠质量和支持：负面影响和视角选择的作用。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00180-7

Nicole T. Sell, Natalie M. Sisson, Amie M. Gordon, Sarah C. E. Stanton, Emily A. Impett

{"title":"Daily Sleep Quality and Support in Romantic Relationships: The Role of Negative Affect and Perspective-Taking","authors":"Nicole T. Sell, Natalie M. Sisson, Amie M. Gordon, Sarah C. E. Stanton, Emily A. Impett","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00180-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00180-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sleep is an important predictor of social functioning. However, questions remain about how impaired sleep—which is common and detrimental to affective and cognitive functions necessary for providing high quality support—is linked to both the provision and perception of support, especially at the daily level. We tested links between impaired sleep and provided and perceived support in romantic couples, and whether these links were mediated by negative affect and perspective-taking. In preregistered analyses of two 14-day diary studies (Study 1 <i>N</i> = 111 couples; Study 2 <i>N</i> = 100 couples), poor daily subjective sleep quality—but not duration—was associated with less self-reported support toward a partner (in both studies), less perceived support from a partner and less partner-reported support (in Study 1), and partner perceptions of receiving less support (in Study 2). Only greater daily negative affect consistently mediated the association between participants’ impaired sleep (i.e., poor subjective sleep quality and duration) and their own support provision, as well as their partner’s perceptions of received support. Our findings suggest that the effect of sleep on social processes may be strongest for self-reported measures of support and that unique aspects of sleep might be differentially associated with social outcomes given that sleep quality—but not duration—was consistently linked to support outcomes. These findings highlight the psychosocial influences of sleep and negative affect, and may inform approaches to promote supportive partner interactions.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00180-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9619524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Interventions to Modify Psychological Well-Being: Progress, Promises, and an Agenda for Future Research 改善心理健康的干预措施：进展、承诺和未来研究议程。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00167-w

Laura D. Kubzansky, Eric S. Kim, Julia K. Boehm, Richard J. Davidson, Jeffrey C. Huffman, Eric B. Loucks, Sonja Lyubomirsky, Rosalind W. Picard, Stephen M. Schueller, Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald, Tyler J. VanderWeele, Katey Warran, David S. Yeager, Charlotte S. Yeh, Judith T. Moskowitz

{"title":"Interventions to Modify Psychological Well-Being: Progress, Promises, and an Agenda for Future Research","authors":"Laura D. Kubzansky, Eric S. Kim, Julia K. Boehm, Richard J. Davidson, Jeffrey C. Huffman, Eric B. Loucks, Sonja Lyubomirsky, Rosalind W. Picard, Stephen M. Schueller, Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald, Tyler J. VanderWeele, Katey Warran, David S. Yeager, Charlotte S. Yeh, Judith T. Moskowitz","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00167-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00167-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract \u0000</h2><div><p>Psychological well-being, characterized by feelings, cognitions, and strategies that are associated with positive functioning (including hedonic and eudaimonic well-being), has been linked with better physical health and greater longevity. Importantly, psychological well-being can be strengthened with interventions, providing a strategy for improving population health. But are the effects of well-being interventions meaningful, durable, and scalable enough to improve health at a population-level? To assess this possibility, a cross-disciplinary group of scholars convened to review current knowledge and develop a research agenda. Here we summarize and build on the key insights from this convening, which were: (1) existing interventions should continue to be adapted to achieve a large-enough effect to result in downstream improvements in psychological functioning and health, (2) research should determine the durability of interventions needed to drive population-level and lasting changes, (3) a shift from individual-level care and treatment to a public-health model of population-level prevention is needed and will require new infrastructure that can deliver interventions at scale, (4) interventions should be accessible and effective in racially, ethnically, and geographically diverse samples. A discussion examining the key future research questions follows.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00167-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9672114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00181-6

Troy C. Dildine, Carolyn M. Amir, Julie Parsons, Lauren Y. Atlas

{"title":"How Pain-Related Facial Expressions Are Evaluated in Relation to Gender, Race, and Emotion","authors":"Troy C. Dildine, Carolyn M. Amir, Julie Parsons, Lauren Y. Atlas","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00181-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00181-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inequities in pain assessment are well-documented; however, the psychological mechanisms underlying such biases are poorly understood. We investigated potential perceptual biases in the judgments of faces displaying pain-related movements. Across five online studies, 956 adult participants viewed images of computer-generated faces (“targets”) that varied in features related to race (Black and White) and gender (women and men). Target identity was manipulated across participants, and each target had equivalent facial movements that displayed varying intensities of movement in facial action-units related to pain (Studies 1–4) or pain and emotion (Study 5). On each trial, participants provided categorical judgments as to whether a target was in pain (Studies 1–4) or which expression the target displayed (Study 5) and then rated the perceived intensity of the expression. Meta-analyses of Studies 1–4 revealed that movement intensity was positively associated with both categorizing a trial as painful and perceived pain intensity. Target race and gender did not consistently affect pain-related judgments, contrary to well-documented clinical inequities. In Study 5, in which pain was equally likely relative to other emotions, pain was the least frequently selected emotion (5%). Our results suggest that perceivers can utilize facial movements to evaluate pain in other individuals, but perceiving pain may depend on contextual factors. Furthermore, assessments of computer-generated, pain-related facial movements online do not replicate sociocultural biases observed in the clinic. These findings provide a foundation for future studies comparing CGI and real images of pain and emphasize the need for further work on the relationship between pain and emotion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00181-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9610397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0