Affective science最新文献_第10页

A Perfect Storm to Set the Stage for Ontological Exploration: Response to Commentaries on “Emotional Well-Being: What It Is and Why It Matters” 为本体论探索搭建舞台的完美风暴：对“情感幸福：它是什么以及为什么重要”评论的回应。

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00169-8

Crystal L. Park, Laura D. Kubzansky, Sandra M. Chafouleas, Richard J. Davidson, Dacher Keltner, Parisa Parsafar, Yeates Conwell, Michelle Y. Martin, Janel Hanmer, Kuan Hong Wang

{"title":"A Perfect Storm to Set the Stage for Ontological Exploration: Response to Commentaries on “Emotional Well-Being: What It Is and Why It Matters”","authors":"Crystal L. Park, Laura D. Kubzansky, Sandra M. Chafouleas, Richard J. Davidson, Dacher Keltner, Parisa Parsafar, Yeates Conwell, Michelle Y. Martin, Janel Hanmer, Kuan Hong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00169-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00169-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>Our target article (Park et al., this issue) described the process of developing a provisional conceptualization of emotional well-being (EWB). In that article, we considered strengths and gaps in current perspectives on a variety of related concepts and ways that the proposed conceptualization of EWB informs our evaluation of measures and methods of assessment and identification of its causes and consequences. We concluded with recommendations for moving the framework and the field forward. Eight rich, thoughtful, and highly engaged commentaries addressed the target article. Collectively, these commentaries illustrate both points of consensus and areas of substantial disagreement, providing a potential roadmap for continued work. In this response, we summarize key issues raised and highlight those points raised by multiple commentators or that we considered seminal to advancing future discussion and research.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00169-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9679447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Assessing Emotion Polyregulation in Daily Life: Who Uses It, When Is It Used, and How Effective Is It? 评估日常生活中的情绪多元调节：谁使用它，何时使用，效果如何？

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00166-x

Ilana Ladis, Emma R. Toner, Alexander R. Daros, Katharine E. Daniel, Mehdi Boukhechba, Philip I. Chow, Laura E. Barnes, Bethany A. Teachman, Brett Q. Ford

{"title":"Assessing Emotion Polyregulation in Daily Life: Who Uses It, When Is It Used, and How Effective Is It?","authors":"Ilana Ladis, Emma R. Toner, Alexander R. Daros, Katharine E. Daniel, Mehdi Boukhechba, Philip I. Chow, Laura E. Barnes, Bethany A. Teachman, Brett Q. Ford","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00166-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00166-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most research on emotion regulation has focused on understanding individual emotion regulation strategies. Preliminary research, however, suggests that people often use several strategies to regulate their emotions in a given emotional scenario (polyregulation). The present research examined who uses polyregulation, when polyregulation is used, and how effective polyregulation is when it is used. College students (<i>N</i> = 128; 65.6% female; 54.7% White) completed an in-person lab visit followed by a 2-week ecological momentary assessment protocol with six randomly timed survey prompts per day for up 2 weeks. At baseline, participants completed measures assessing past-week depression symptoms, social anxiety-related traits, and trait emotion dysregulation. During each randomly timed prompt, participants reported up to eight strategies used to change their thoughts or feelings, negative and positive affect, motivation to change emotions, their social context, and how well they felt they were managing their emotions. In pre-registered analyses examining the 1,423 survey responses collected, polyregulation was more likely when participants were feeling more intensely negative and when their motivation to change their emotions was stronger. Neither sex, psychopathology-related symptoms and traits, social context, nor subjective effectiveness was associated with polyregulation, and state affect did not moderate these associations. This study helps address a key gap in the literature by assessing emotion polyregulation in daily life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00166-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9611773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Bad People Deserve Empathy? Selective Empathy Based on Targets’ Moral Characteristics 坏人值得同情吗？基于目标道德特征的选择性移情。

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00165-y

Yiyi Wang, Paul L. Harris, Meng Pei, Yanjie Su

{"title":"Do Bad People Deserve Empathy? Selective Empathy Based on Targets’ Moral Characteristics","authors":"Yiyi Wang, Paul L. Harris, Meng Pei, Yanjie Su","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00165-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00165-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>The relation between empathy and morality is a widely discussed topic. However, previous discussions mainly focused on whether and how empathy influences moral cognition and moral behaviors, with limited attention to the reverse influence of morality on empathy. This review summarized how morality influences empathy by drawing together a number of hitherto scattered studies illustrating the influence of targets’ moral characteristics on empathy. To explain why empathy is morally selective, we discuss its ultimate cause, to increase survival rates, and five proximate causes based on similarity, affective bonds, the appraisal of deservingness, dehumanization, and potential group membership. To explain how empathy becomes morally selective, we consider three different pathways (automatic, regulative, and mixed) based on previous findings. Finally, we discuss future directions, including the reverse influence of selective empathy on moral cognition, the moral selectivity of positive empathy, and the role of selective empathy in selective helping and third-party punishment.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00165-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9611777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction to Special Issue on Affective Science in Animals: Toward a Greater Understanding of Affective Processes in Non-Human Animals 动物情感科学特刊导论：深入理解非人类动物的情感过程

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-12-03 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00168-9

Forrest D. Rogers, Karen L. Bales

引用次数: 0

Cerebral Activity in Female Baboons (Papio anubis) During the Perception of Conspecific and Heterospecific Agonistic Vocalizations: a Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study 雌性狒狒（Papio anubis）在感受同特异性和异特异性激动性发声过程中的大脑活动：一项功能性近红外光谱研究

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00164-z

Coralie Debracque, Thibaud Gruber, Romain Lacoste, Adrien Meguerditchian, Didier Grandjean

{"title":"Cerebral Activity in Female Baboons (Papio anubis) During the Perception of Conspecific and Heterospecific Agonistic Vocalizations: a Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study","authors":"Coralie Debracque, Thibaud Gruber, Romain Lacoste, Adrien Meguerditchian, Didier Grandjean","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00164-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00164-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>The “voice areas” in the superior temporal cortex have been identified in both humans and non-human primates as selective to conspecific vocalizations only (i.e., expressed by members of our own species), suggesting its old evolutionary roots across the primate lineage. With respect to non-human primate species, it remains unclear whether the listening of vocal emotions from conspecifics leads to similar or different cerebral activations when compared to heterospecific calls (i.e., expressed by another primate species) triggered by the same emotion. Using a neuroimaging technique rarely employed in monkeys so far, functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, the present study investigated in three lightly anesthetized female baboons (<i>Papio anubis</i>), temporal cortex activities during exposure to agonistic vocalizations from conspecifics and from other primates (chimpanzees—<i>Pan troglodytes</i>), and energy matched white noises in order to control for this low-level acoustic feature. Permutation test analyses on the extracted OxyHemoglobin signal revealed great inter-individual differences on how conspecific and heterospecific vocal stimuli were processed in baboon brains with a cortical response recorded either in the right or the left temporal cortex. No difference was found between emotional vocalizations and their energy-matched white noises. Despite the phylogenetic gap between <i>Homo sapiens</i> and African monkeys, modern humans and baboons both showed a highly heterogeneous brain process for the perception of vocal and emotional stimuli. The results of this study do not exclude that old evolutionary mechanisms for vocal emotional processing may be shared and inherited from our common ancestor.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00164-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50524197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

No Evidence for Biased Attention Towards Emotional Scenes in Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) 没有证据表明婆罗洲猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus）对情绪场景有偏见的关注

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00158-x

D. W. Laméris, E. van Berlo, T. S. Roth, M. E. Kret

{"title":"No Evidence for Biased Attention Towards Emotional Scenes in Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)","authors":"D. W. Laméris, E. van Berlo, T. S. Roth, M. E. Kret","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00158-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00158-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attention may be swiftly and automatically tuned to emotional expressions in social primates, as has been demonstrated in humans, bonobos, and macaques, and with mixed evidence in chimpanzees, where rapid detection of emotional expressions is thought to aid in navigating their social environment. Compared to the other great apes, orangutans are considered semi-solitary, but still form temporary social parties in which sensitivity to others’ emotional expressions may be beneficial. The current study investigated whether implicit emotion-biased attention is also present in orangutans (<i>Pongo pygmaeus</i>). We trained six orangutans on the dot-probe paradigm: an established paradigm used in comparative studies which measures reaction time in response to a probe replacing emotional and neutral stimuli. Emotional stimuli consisted of scenes depicting conspecifics having sex, playing, grooming, yawning, or displaying aggression. These scenes were contrasted with neutral scenes showing conspecifics with a neutral face and body posture. Using Bayesian mixed modeling, we found no evidence for an overall emotion bias in this species. When looking at emotion categories separately, we also did not find substantial biases. We discuss the absence of an implicit attention bias for emotional expressions in orangutans in relation to the existing primate literature, and the methodological limitations of the task. Furthermore, we reconsider the emotional stimuli used in this study and their biological relevance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00158-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50511239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Recovering Individual Emotional States from Sparse Ratings Using Collaborative Filtering 利用协同过滤从稀疏评分中恢复个体情绪状态

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00161-2

Eshin Jolly, Max Farrens, Nathan Greenstein, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Marianne C. Reddan, Eric Andrews, Tor D. Wager, Luke J. Chang

{"title":"Recovering Individual Emotional States from Sparse Ratings Using Collaborative Filtering","authors":"Eshin Jolly, Max Farrens, Nathan Greenstein, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Marianne C. Reddan, Eric Andrews, Tor D. Wager, Luke J. Chang","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00161-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00161-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A fundamental challenge in emotion research is measuring feeling states with high granularity and temporal precision without disrupting the emotion generation process. Here we introduce and validate a new approach in which responses are sparsely sampled and the missing data are recovered using a computational technique known as <i>collaborative filtering</i> (CF). This approach leverages structured covariation across individual experiences and is available in <i>Neighbors</i>, an open-source Python toolbox. We validate our approach across three different experimental contexts by recovering dense individual ratings using only a small subset of the original data. In dataset 1, participants (<i>n</i>=316) separately rated 112 emotional images on 6 different discrete emotions. In dataset 2, participants (<i>n</i>=203) watched 8 short emotionally engaging autobiographical stories while simultaneously providing moment-by-moment ratings of the intensity of their affective experience. In dataset 3, participants (<i>n</i>=60) with distinct social preferences made 76 decisions about how much money to return in a hidden multiplier trust game. Across all experimental contexts, CF was able to accurately recover missing data and importantly outperformed mean and multivariate imputation, particularly in contexts with greater individual variability. This approach will enable new avenues for affective science research by allowing researchers to acquire high dimensional ratings from emotional experiences with minimal disruption to the emotion-generation process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00161-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional Well-Being: What It Is and Why It Matters 情感幸福：它是什么以及为什么重要

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00163-0

Crystal L. Park, Laura D. Kubzansky, Sandra M. Chafouleas, Richard J. Davidson, Dacher Keltner, Parisa Parsafar, Yeates Conwell, Michelle Y. Martin, Janel Hanmer, Kuan Hong Wang

{"title":"Emotional Well-Being: What It Is and Why It Matters","authors":"Crystal L. Park, Laura D. Kubzansky, Sandra M. Chafouleas, Richard J. Davidson, Dacher Keltner, Parisa Parsafar, Yeates Conwell, Michelle Y. Martin, Janel Hanmer, Kuan Hong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00163-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00163-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Psychological aspects of well-being are increasingly recognized and studied as fundamental components of healthy human functioning. However, this body of work is fragmented, with many different conceptualizations and terms being used (e.g., subjective well-being, psychological well-being). We describe the development of a provisional conceptualization of this form of well-being, here termed emotional well-being (EWB), leveraging prior conceptual and theoretical approaches. Our developmental process included review of related concepts and definitions from multiple disciplines, engagement with subject matter experts, consideration of essential properties across definitions, and concept mapping. Our conceptualization provides insight into key strengths and gaps in existing perspectives on this form of well-being, setting a foundation for evaluating assessment approaches, enhancing our understanding of the causes and consequences of EWB, and, ultimately, developing effective intervention strategies that promote EWB. We argue that this foundation is essential for developing a more cohesive and informative body of work on EWB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00163-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10297323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Attention Towards Pupil Size in Humans and Bonobos (Pan paniscus) 对人类和倭黑猩猩瞳孔大小的关注

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00146-1

T. W. Zijlstra, E. van Berlo, M. E. Kret

{"title":"Attention Towards Pupil Size in Humans and Bonobos (Pan paniscus)","authors":"T. W. Zijlstra, E. van Berlo, M. E. Kret","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00146-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00146-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous work has established that humans have an attentional bias towards emotional signals, and there is some evidence that this phenomenon is shared with bonobos, our closest relatives. Although many emotional signals are explicit and overt, implicit cues such as pupil size also contain emotional information for observers. Pupil size can impact social judgment and foster trust and social support, and is automatically mimicked, suggesting a communicative role. While an attentional bias towards more obvious emotional expressions has been shown, it is unclear whether this also extends to a more subtle implicit cue, like changes in pupil size. Therefore, the current study investigated whether attention is biased towards pupils of differing sizes in humans and bonobos. A total of 150 human participants (141 female), with a mean age of 19.13 (ranging from 18 to 32 years old), completed an online dot-probe task. Four female bonobos (6 to 17 years old) completed the dot-probe task presented via a touch screen. We used linear mixed multilevel models to examine the effect of pupil size on reaction times. In humans, our analysis showed a small but significant attentional bias towards dilated pupils compared to intermediate-sized pupils and intermediate-sized pupils when compared to small pupils. Our analysis did not show a significant effect in bonobos. These results suggest that the attentional bias towards emotions in humans can be extended to a subtle unconsciously produced signal, namely changes in pupil size. Due to methodological differences between the two experiments, more research is needed before drawing a conclusion regarding bonobos.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00146-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50472960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Are Some Ways of Expressing Gratitude More Beneficial Than Others? Results From a Randomized Controlled Experiment 表达感激之情的某些方式比其他方式更有益吗？随机对照实验结果

Affective science Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00160-3

Annie Regan, Lisa C. Walsh, Sonja Lyubomirsky

{"title":"Are Some Ways of Expressing Gratitude More Beneficial Than Others? Results From a Randomized Controlled Experiment","authors":"Annie Regan, Lisa C. Walsh, Sonja Lyubomirsky","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00160-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-022-00160-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gratitude activities have been shown to increase well-being and other positive outcomes in numerous experiments to date. The current study tested whether self-directed gratitude interventions that vary by type (i.e., social vs. nonsocial) and format (i.e., long-form letters vs. shorter lists) produce differential benefits. To that end, 958 Australian adults were assigned to one of six activities to complete each day for 1 week, including five gratitude activities that varied by type and format and an active control condition (i.e., keeping track of daily activities). Regressed change analyses revealed that, overall, long-form writing exercises (i.e., essays and letters) resulted in greater subjective well-being and other positive outcomes than lists. Indeed, those who were instructed to write social and nonsocial gratitude <i>lists</i> did not differ from controls on any outcomes. However, participants who wrote unconstrained gratitude lists—that is, those who wrote about any topics they wanted—reported greater feelings of gratitude and positive affect than did controls. Finally, relative to the other gratitude conditions, participants who wrote gratitude letters to particular individuals in their lives not only showed stronger feelings of gratitude, elevation, and other positive emotions but also reported feeling more indebted. This study demonstrates that not only does gratitude “work” to boost well-being relative to an active neutral activity, but that some forms of gratitude may be more effective than others. We hope these findings help scholars and practitioners to develop, tailor, implement, and scale future gratitude-based interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-022-00160-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9679446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10