Affective science最新文献_第5页

The Promise of Affective Language for Identifying and Intervening on Psychopathology 情感语言对心理病理学识别和干预的承诺。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00199-w

Erik C. Nook

{"title":"The Promise of Affective Language for Identifying and Intervening on Psychopathology","authors":"Erik C. Nook","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00199-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00199-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We are in dire need of innovative tools for reducing the global burden of psychopathology. Emerging evidence suggests that analyzing language (i.e., the words people use) can grant insight into an individual's emotional experiences, their ability to regulate their emotions, and even their current experiences of psychopathology. As such, linguistic analyses of people’s everyday word use may be a diagnostic marker of emotional well-being, and manipulating the words people use could foster adaptive emotion regulation and mental health. Given the ubiquity of language in everyday life, such language-based tools for measuring and intervening in emotion and mental health can advance how we identify and treat mental illnesses at a large scale. In this paper, I outline the promise of this approach and identify key problems we must solve if we are to make it a reality. In particular, I summarize evidence connecting language, emotion, and mental health for three key constructs: sentiment (i.e., the valence of one’s language), linguistic distancing (i.e., using language to separate oneself from distressing stimuli), and emotion differentiation (i.e., using words to specifically identify one’s emotions). I also identify open questions in need of attention for each of these constructs and this area of research as a whole. Overall, I believe the future is bright for the application of psycholinguistic approaches to mental health detection and intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00199-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Critique of Automated Approaches to Code Facial Expressions: What Do Researchers Need to Know? 对面部表情自动编码方法的批评：研究人员需要知道什么？

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00195-0

Marie P. Cross, Amanda M. Acevedo, John F. Hunter

{"title":"A Critique of Automated Approaches to Code Facial Expressions: What Do Researchers Need to Know?","authors":"Marie P. Cross, Amanda M. Acevedo, John F. Hunter","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00195-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00195-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Facial expression recognition software is becoming more commonly used by affective scientists to measure facial expressions. Although the use of this software has exciting implications, there are persistent and concerning issues regarding the validity and reliability of these programs. In this paper, we highlight three of these issues: biases of the programs against certain skin colors and genders; the common inability of these programs to capture facial expressions made in non-idealized conditions (e.g., “in the wild”); and programs being forced to adopt the underlying assumptions of the specific theory of emotion on which each software is based. We then discuss three directions for the future of affective science in the area of automated facial coding. First, researchers need to be cognizant of exactly how and on which data sets the machine learning algorithms underlying these programs are being trained. In addition, there are several ethical considerations, such as privacy and data storage, surrounding the use of facial expression recognition programs. Finally, researchers should consider collecting additional emotion data, such as body language, and combine these data with facial expression data in order to achieve a more comprehensive picture of complex human emotions. Facial expression recognition programs are an excellent method of collecting facial expression data, but affective scientists should ensure that they recognize the limitations and ethical implications of these programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00195-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Framing Subjective Emotion Reports as Dynamic Affective Decisions 将主观情绪报告视为动态情感决策。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00197-y

Yi Yang Teoh, William A. Cunningham, Cendri A. Hutcherson

引用次数: 2

The Role of Hedonic Goal Pursuit in Self-Control and Self-Regulation: Is Pleasure the Problem or Part of the Solution? 享乐目标追求在自我控制和自我调节中的作用：快乐是问题还是解决方案的一部分？

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00193-2

Daniela Becker, Katharina Bernecker

{"title":"The Role of Hedonic Goal Pursuit in Self-Control and Self-Regulation: Is Pleasure the Problem or Part of the Solution?","authors":"Daniela Becker, Katharina Bernecker","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00193-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00193-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the role of hedonic goal pursuit in self-control and self-regulation. We argue that not all pursuit of immediate pleasure is problematic and that successful hedonic goal pursuit can be beneficial for long-term goal pursuit and for achieving positive self-regulatory outcomes, such as health and well-being. The following two key questions for future research are discussed: How can people’s positive affective experiences during hedonic goal pursuit be enhanced, and how exactly do those affective experiences contribute to self-regulatory outcomes? We also call for an intercultural perspective linking hedonic goal pursuit to self-regulatory outcomes at different levels. We suggest that understanding the cognitive, motivational, and affective mechanisms at play can help individuals reap the benefits of successful hedonic goal pursuit. Considering those potential benefits, hedonic goal pursuit should be studied more systematically. To achieve this, we argue for a stronger integration of affective science and self-control research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00193-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Examining the Role of Emotion Differentiation on Emotion and Cardiovascular Physiological Activity During Acute Stress 研究情绪分化对急性应激期间情绪和心血管生理活动的作用。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00189-y

Adrienne S. Bonar, Jennifer K. MacCormack, Mallory J. Feldman, Kristen A. Lindquist

{"title":"Examining the Role of Emotion Differentiation on Emotion and Cardiovascular Physiological Activity During Acute Stress","authors":"Adrienne S. Bonar, Jennifer K. MacCormack, Mallory J. Feldman, Kristen A. Lindquist","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00189-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00189-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotion differentiation (ED) — the tendency to experience one’s emotions with specificity — is a well-established predictor of adaptive responses to daily life stress. Yet, there is little research testing the role of ED in self-reported and physiological responses to an acute stressor. In the current study, we investigate the effects of negative emotion differentiation (NED) and positive emotion differentiation (PED) on participants’ self-reported emotions and cardiac-mediated sympathetic nervous system reactivity (i.e., pre-ejection period) in response to a stressful task. Healthy young adults enrolled in a two-session study. At an initial session, participants completed a modified experience sampling procedure (i.e., the Day Reconstruction Method). At session 2, 195 completed the Trier Social Stress Test while cardiac impedance was acquired throughout. Linear regressions demonstrated that higher NED, but not PED, was associated with experiencing less intense self-reported negative, high arousal emotions (e.g., irritated, panicky) during the stressor (<i>β</i> = − .15, <i>p</i> < .05) although people with higher NED also exhibited greater sympathetic reactivity (<i>β</i> = .16, <i>p</i> < .05). In exploratory analyses, we tested whether the effect of NED on self-reported stress was mediated by the tendency to make internally focus (or self-focused) attributions about performance on the task but did not find a significant indirect effect (<i>p</i> = .085). These results both complement prior work and provide a more complex picture of the role of NED in adaptive responses to stressful life events, suggesting that people with higher NED may experience their emotions as more manageable regardless of their level of physiological arousal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00189-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9619528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotion Regulation Strategies and Beliefs About Emotions Predict Psychosocial Outcomes in Response to Multiple Stressors 情绪调节策略和关于情绪的信念预测多重压力下的心理社会结果

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0

Yael H. Waizman, Anna E. Sedykin, João F. Guassi Moreira, Natalie M. Saragosa-Harris, Jennifer A. Silvers, Tara S. Peris

{"title":"Emotion Regulation Strategies and Beliefs About Emotions Predict Psychosocial Outcomes in Response to Multiple Stressors","authors":"Yael H. Waizman, Anna E. Sedykin, João F. Guassi Moreira, Natalie M. Saragosa-Harris, Jennifer A. Silvers, Tara S. Peris","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotion regulation (ER) strategies and beliefs about emotions (implicit theories of emotions; ITE) may shape psychosocial outcomes during turbulent times, including the transition to adulthood and college while encountering stressors. The normative stressors associated with these transitions were compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a novel opportunity to examine how emerging adults (EAs) cope with sustained stressors. Stress exposures can heighten existing individual differences and serve as “turning points” that predict psychosocial trajectories. This pre-registered study (https://osf.io/k8mes) of 101 EAs (18–19 years old) examined whether ITE (believing emotions can change or not; incremental vs. entity beliefs) and ER strategy usage (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression usage) predicted changes in anxiety symptomatology and feelings of loneliness across five longitudinal assessments (across a 6-month period) before and during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. On average, EAs’ anxiety decreased after the pandemic outbreak but returned to baseline over time, while loneliness remained relatively unchanged across time. ITE explained variance in anxiety across time over and above reappraisal use. Conversely, reappraisal use explained variance in loneliness over and above ITE. For both anxiety and loneliness, suppression use resulted in maladaptive psychosocial outcomes across time. Thus, interventions that target ER strategies and ITE may ameliorate risk and promote resilience in EAs who experience increased instability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9613519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotion Norms Are Unique 情感规范是独一无二的。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00188-z

Allon Vishkin, Maya Tamir

引用次数: 1

Differences Between East Asians and Westerners in the Mental Representations and Visual Information Extraction Involved in the Decoding of Pain Facial Expression Intensity 东亚人与西方人在面部表情强度解码中的心理表征和视觉信息提取的差异

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1

Camille Saumure, Marie-Pier Plouffe-Demers, Daniel Fiset, Stéphanie Cormier, Ye Zhang, Dan Sun, Manni Feng, Feifan Luo, Miriam Kunz, Caroline Blais

{"title":"Differences Between East Asians and Westerners in the Mental Representations and Visual Information Extraction Involved in the Decoding of Pain Facial Expression Intensity","authors":"Camille Saumure, Marie-Pier Plouffe-Demers, Daniel Fiset, Stéphanie Cormier, Ye Zhang, Dan Sun, Manni Feng, Feifan Luo, Miriam Kunz, Caroline Blais","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effectively communicating pain is crucial for human beings. Facial expressions are one of the most specific forms of behavior associated with pain, but the way culture shapes expectations about the intensity with which pain is typically facially conveyed, and the visual strategies deployed to decode pain intensity in facial expressions, is poorly understood. The present study used a data-driven approach to compare two cultures, namely East Asians and Westerners, with respect to their mental representations of pain facial expressions (experiment 1, <i>N</i>=60; experiment 2, <i>N</i>=74) and their visual information utilization during the discrimination of facial expressions of pain of different intensities (experiment 3; <i>N</i>=60). Results reveal that compared to Westerners, East Asians expect more intense pain expressions (experiments 1 and 2), need more signal, and do not rely as much as Westerners on core facial features of pain expressions to discriminate between pain intensities (experiment 3). Together, those findings suggest that cultural norms regarding socially accepted pain behaviors shape the expectations about pain facial expressions and decoding visual strategies. Furthermore, they highlight the complexity of emotional facial expressions and the importance of studying pain communication in multicultural settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9610390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How to Improve Others’ Emotions: Reappraise and be Responsive 如何改善他人情绪：重新评价并做出回应

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00183-4

Olivia Jurkiewicz, C. Blair McGarrigle, Christopher Oveis

{"title":"How to Improve Others’ Emotions: Reappraise and be Responsive","authors":"Olivia Jurkiewicz, C. Blair McGarrigle, Christopher Oveis","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00183-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00183-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People often try to improve others’ emotions. However, it is unclear which interpersonal emotion regulation strategies are most effective and why. In 121 candid dyadic conversations between undergraduate students via video conferencing, target participants recounted a stressful event to regulator participants. Three strategies used by regulators during these conversations to change targets’ emotions were obtained from the regulator after the conversation: extrinsic reappraisal, extrinsic suppression, and extrinsic acceptance. Perceived regulator responsiveness was obtained from targets to examine the social consequences of extrinsic emotion regulation and its mediating role in successful extrinsic emotion regulation. We found that regulators’ extrinsic reappraisal use was associated with improved target emotions measured across two distinct classes of outcomes: targets’ emotions during the conversation and targets’ perception that the regulator improved their emotions. Regulators’ extrinsic suppression and acceptance, in contrast, were not related with improved target emotions or perceptions of improvement. Instead, all extrinsic regulatory strategies were associated with improved targets’ emotions when mediated by targets’ perceptions of regulator responsiveness. Finally, observer-ratings of regulators’ extrinsic reappraisal and suppression use were found to be consistent with regulators’ self-ratings and follow the same pattern of results on the outcome measures. These findings provide insight into why the social regulation of emotions can succeed or fail and hold implications for interventions aimed at guiding people toward more successfully improving others’ emotions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00183-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9607722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Emotional Granularity is Associated with Daily Experiential Diversity 情绪的粒度与日常体验的多样性有关。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00185-2

Katie Hoemann, Yeasle Lee, Peter Kuppens, Maria Gendron, Ryan L. Boyd

{"title":"Emotional Granularity is Associated with Daily Experiential Diversity","authors":"Katie Hoemann, Yeasle Lee, Peter Kuppens, Maria Gendron, Ryan L. Boyd","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00185-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00185-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotional granularity is the ability to create differentiated and nuanced emotional experiences and is associated with positive health outcomes. Individual differences in granularity are hypothesized to reflect differences in emotion concepts, which are informed by prior experience and impact current and future experience. Greater variation in experience, then, should be related to the rich and diverse emotion concepts that support higher granularity. Using natural language processing methods, we analyzed descriptions of everyday events to estimate the diversity of contexts and activities encountered by participants. Across three studies varying in language (English, Dutch) and modality (written, spoken), we found that participants who referred to a more varied and balanced set of contexts and activities reported more differentiated and nuanced negative emotions. Experiential diversity was not consistently associated with granularity for positive emotions. We discuss the contents of daily life as a potential source and outcome of individual differences in emotion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00185-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9619529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6