Affective science最新文献_第6页

These Aren’t The Droids You Are Looking for: Promises and Challenges for the Intersection of Affective Science and Robotics/AI 这些不是你正在寻找的机器人：情感科学与机器人/人工智能交叉的承诺和挑战。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00211-3

Arvid Kappas, Jonathan Gratch

{"title":"These Aren’t The Droids You Are Looking for: Promises and Challenges for the Intersection of Affective Science and Robotics/AI","authors":"Arvid Kappas, Jonathan Gratch","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00211-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00211-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>AI research focused on interactions with humans, particularly in the form of robots or virtual agents, has expanded in the last two decades to include concepts related to affective processes. Affective computing is an emerging field that deals with issues such as how the diagnosis of affective states of users can be used to improve such interactions, also with a view to demonstrate affective behavior towards the user. This type of research often is based on two beliefs: (1) artificial emotional intelligence will improve human computer interaction (or more specifically human robot interaction), and (2) we understand the role of affective behavior in human interaction sufficiently to tell artificial systems what to do. However, within affective science the focus of research is often to test a particular assumption, such as “smiles affect liking.” Such focus does not provide the information necessary to synthesize affective behavior in long dynamic and real-time interactions. In consequence, theories do not play a large role in the development of artificial affective systems by engineers, but self-learning systems develop their behavior out of large corpora of recorded interactions. The status quo is characterized by measurement issues, theoretical lacunae regarding prevalence and functions of affective behavior in interaction, and underpowered studies that cannot provide the solid empirical foundation for further theoretical developments. This contribution will highlight some of these challenges and point towards next steps to create a rapprochement between engineers and affective scientists with a view to improving theory and solid applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00211-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Yucatec Maya Children’s Responding to Emotional Challenge 尤卡泰克玛雅儿童应对情感挑战

IF 2.1

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00205-1

Shannon M. Brady, Laura A. Shneidman, Cornelio Azarias Chay Cano, Elizabeth L. Davis

{"title":"Yucatec Maya Children’s Responding to Emotional Challenge","authors":"Shannon M. Brady, Laura A. Shneidman, Cornelio Azarias Chay Cano, Elizabeth L. Davis","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00205-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00205-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the field of affective science has seen increased interest in and representation of the role of culture in emotion, prior research has disproportionately centered on Western, English-speaking, industrialized, and/or economically developed nations. We investigated the extent to which emotional experiences and responding may be shaped by cultural display rule understanding among Yucatec Maya children, an indigenous population residing in small-scale communities in remote areas of Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. Data were collected from forty-two 6- and 10-year-old Yucatec children who completed a resting baseline and a structured disappointing gift task. Children were asked about whether specific emotions are better to show or to hide from others and self-reported the intensity of their discrete positive and negative emotional experiences. We observed and coded expressive positive and negative affective behavior during and after the disappointing gift task, and continuously acquired physiological measures of autonomic nervous system function. These multi-method indices of emotional responding enable us to provide a nuanced description of children’s observable and unobservable affective experiences. Results generally indicated that children’s understanding of and adherence to cultural display rules (i.e., to suppress negative emotions but openly show positive ones) was evidenced across indices of emotion, as predicted. The current study is a step toward the future of affective science, which lies in the pursuit of more diverse and equitable representation in study samples, increased use of concurrent multimethod approaches to studying emotion, and increased exploration of how emotional processes develop.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00205-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123457472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Embedding Research on Emotion Duration in a Network Model 网络模型中情绪持续时间的嵌入研究。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00203-3

Jens Lange

{"title":"Embedding Research on Emotion Duration in a Network Model","authors":"Jens Lange","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00203-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00203-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contrary to early theorizing, emotions often last for longer periods of time. Variability in people’s emotion duration contributes to psychopathologies. Therefore, emotion theories need to account for this variability. So far, reviews only list predictors of emotion duration without integrating them in a theoretical framework. Mechanisms explaining why these predictors relate to emotion duration remain unknown. I propose to embed research on emotion duration in a network model of emotions and illustrate the central ideas with simulations using a formal network model. In the network model, the components of an emotion have direct causal effects on each other. According to the model, emotions last longer (a) when the components are more strongly connected or (b) when the components have higher thresholds (i.e., they are more easily activated). High connectivity prolongs emotions because components are constantly reactivated. Higher thresholds prolong emotions because components are more easily reactivated even when connectivity is lower. Indirect evidence from research on emotion coherence and research on the relationship of predictors of emotion duration with components outside of emotional episodes supports the usefulness of the network model. I further argue and show in simulations that a common cause model, in which a latent emotion causes changes in emotion components, cannot account for research on emotion duration. Finally, I describe future directions for research on emotion duration and emotion dynamics from a network perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00203-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41156058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sharing Positive Affective States Amongst Rodents 啮齿动物之间分享积极的情感状态。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00201-5

Frédéric Michon, Julian Packheiser, Valeria Gazzola, Christian Keysers

{"title":"Sharing Positive Affective States Amongst Rodents","authors":"Frédéric Michon, Julian Packheiser, Valeria Gazzola, Christian Keysers","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00201-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00201-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Group living is thought to benefit from the ability to empathize with others. Much attention has been paid to empathy for the pain of others as an inhibitor of aggression. Empathizing with the positive affect of others has received less attention although it could promote helping by making it vicariously rewarding. Here, we review this latter, nascent literature to show that three components of the ability to empathize with positive emotions are already present in rodents, namely, the ability to perceive, share, and prefer actions that promote positive emotional states of conspecifics. While it has often been argued that empathy evolved as a motivation to care for others, we argue that these tendencies may have selfish benefits that could have stabilized their evolution: approaching others in a positive state can provide information about the source of valuable resources; becoming calmer and optimistic around animals in a calm or positive mood can help adapt to the socially sensed safety level in the environment; and preferring actions also benefiting others can optimize foraging, reduce aggression, and trigger reciprocity. Together, these findings illustrate an emerging field shedding light on the emotional world of rodents and on the biology and evolution of our ability to cooperate in groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00201-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Age Differences in Physiological Reactivity to Daily Emotional Experiences 对日常情绪体验的生理反应的年龄差异。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00207-z

Yoobin Park, Amie M. Gordon, Wendy Berry Mendes

{"title":"Age Differences in Physiological Reactivity to Daily Emotional Experiences","authors":"Yoobin Park, Amie M. Gordon, Wendy Berry Mendes","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00207-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00207-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How does physiological reactivity to emotional experiences change with age? Previous studies addressing this question have mostly been conducted in laboratory settings during which emotions are induced via pictures, films, or relived memories, raising external validity questions. In the present research, we draw upon two datasets collected using ecological momentary assessment methods (totaling 134,723 daily reports from 14,436 individuals) to examine age differences in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) reactivity to naturally occurring emotional experiences. We first examined how older and younger individuals differ in the prevalence of emotions varying in valence and arousal. On average, people reported experiencing positive emotions (high or low arousal) more than 70% of the time they were asked, and older (vs. younger) individuals tended to report positive emotions more frequently. In terms of physiological reactivity, we found that age was associated with reduced HR and BP reactivity. Some evidence was also found that the magnitude of such age differences may depend on the valence or arousal of the experienced emotion. The present findings have implications for understanding how emotions can contribute to physical health across the lifespan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00207-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41107273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Multimodal, Idiographic Ambulatory Sensing Will Transform our Understanding of Emotion 多模态、特有的动态感知将改变我们对情绪的理解。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00206-0

Katie Hoemann, Jolie B. Wormwood, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Karen S. Quigley

引用次数: 1

Py-Feat: Python Facial Expression Analysis Toolbox Py-Feat：Python 面部表情分析工具箱

IF 2.1

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00191-4

Jin Hyun Cheong, Eshin Jolly, Tiankang Xie, Sophie Byrne, Matthew Kenney, Luke J. Chang

{"title":"Py-Feat: Python Facial Expression Analysis Toolbox","authors":"Jin Hyun Cheong, Eshin Jolly, Tiankang Xie, Sophie Byrne, Matthew Kenney, Luke J. Chang","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00191-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00191-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studying facial expressions is a notoriously difficult endeavor. Recent advances in the field of affective computing have yielded impressive progress in automatically detecting facial expressions from pictures and videos. However, much of this work has yet to be widely disseminated in social science domains such as psychology. Current state-of-the-art models require considerable domain expertise that is not traditionally incorporated into social science training programs. Furthermore, there is a notable absence of user-friendly and open-source software that provides a comprehensive set of tools and functions that support facial expression research. In this paper, we introduce Py-Feat, an open-source Python toolbox that provides support for detecting, preprocessing, analyzing, and visualizing facial expression data. Py-Feat makes it easy for domain experts to disseminate and benchmark computer vision models and also for end users to quickly process, analyze, and visualize face expression data. We hope this platform will facilitate increased use of facial expression data in human behavior research.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10751270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90913016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Affective Dynamics of Everyday Digital Life: Opening Computational Possibility 日常数字生活的情感动力学：开放的计算可能性。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00202-4

Maia L. Rocklin, Anna Angelina Garròn Torres, Byron Reeves, Thomas N. Robinson, Nilam Ram

{"title":"The Affective Dynamics of Everyday Digital Life: Opening Computational Possibility","authors":"Maia L. Rocklin, Anna Angelina Garròn Torres, Byron Reeves, Thomas N. Robinson, Nilam Ram","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00202-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00202-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Up to now, there was no way to observe and track the affective impacts of the massive amount of complex visual stimuli that people encounter “in the wild” during their many hours of digital life. In this paper, we propose and illustrate how recent advances in AI—trained ensembles of deep neural networks—can be deployed on new data streams that are long sequences of screenshots of study participants’ smartphones obtained unobtrusively during everyday life. We obtained affective valence and arousal ratings of hundreds of images drawn from existing picture repositories often used in psychological studies, and a new screenshot repository chronicling individuals’ everyday digital life from both <i>N</i> = 832 adults and an affect computation model (Parry & Vuong, 2021). Results and analysis suggest that (a) our sample rates images similarly to other samples used in psychological studies, (b) the affect computation model is able to assign valence and arousal ratings similarly to humans, and (c) the resulting computational pipeline can be deployed at scale to obtain detailed maps of the affective space individuals travel through on their smartphones. Leveraging innovative methods for tracking the emotional content individuals encounter on their smartphones, we open the possibility for large-scale studies of how the affective dynamics of everyday digital life shape individuals’ moment-to-moment experiences and well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00202-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41156793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Lab Meets World: the Case for Use-Inspired Basic Research in Affective Science 实验室与世界相遇：情感科学基础研究的使用启发案例。

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00200-6

Christine D. Wilson-Mendenhall, Kevin J. Holmes

{"title":"Lab Meets World: the Case for Use-Inspired Basic Research in Affective Science","authors":"Christine D. Wilson-Mendenhall, Kevin J. Holmes","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00200-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00200-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We join others in envisioning a future for affective science that addresses society’s most pressing needs. To move toward this vision, we consider a research paradigm that emerged in other disciplines: use-inspired basic research. This paradigm transcends the traditional basic-applied dichotomy, which pits the basic goal of fundamental scientific <i>understanding</i> against the applied goal of <i>use</i> in solving social problems. In reality, these goals are complementary, and use-inspired basic research advances them simultaneously. Here, we build a case for use-inspired basic research—how it differs from traditional basic science and why affective scientists should engage in it. We first examine how use-inspired basic research challenges problematic assumptions of a strict basic-applied dichotomy. We then discuss how it is consistent with advances in affective science that recognize context specificity as the norm and consider ethical issues of use being a complementary goal. Following this theoretical discussion, we differentiate the implementation of use-inspired basic research from that of traditional basic science. We draw on examples from recent research to illustrate differences: social problems as a starting point, stakeholder and community engagement, and integration of research and service. In conclusion, we invite affective scientists to embrace the “lab meets world” perspective of use-inspired basic research as a promising pathway to real-world impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00200-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Vicarious Emotions of Fear and Pain in Rodents 啮齿动物对恐惧和疼痛的模仿情绪

IF 2.1

Affective science Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00198-x

Christian Keysers, Valeria Gazzola

{"title":"Vicarious Emotions of Fear and Pain in Rodents","authors":"Christian Keysers, Valeria Gazzola","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00198-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00198-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Affective empathy, the ability to share the emotions of others, is an important contributor to the richness of our emotional experiences. Here, we review evidence that rodents show signs of fear and pain when they witness the fear and pain of others. This emotional contagion creates a vicarious emotion in the witness that mirrors some level of detail of the emotion of the demonstrator, including its valence and the vicinity of threats, and depends on brain regions such as the cingulate, amygdala, and insula that are also at the core of human empathy. Although it remains impossible to directly know how witnessing the distress of others <i>feels</i> for rodents, and whether this feeling is similar to the empathy humans experience, the similarity in neural structures suggests some analogies in emotional experience across rodents and humans. These neural homologies also reveal that feeling distress while others are distressed must serve an evolutionary purpose strong enough to warrant its stability across ~ 100 millions of years. We propose that it does so by allowing observers to set in motion the very emotions that have evolved to prepare them to deal with threats — with the benefit of triggering them <i>socially</i>, by harnessing conspecifics as sentinels, before the witness <i>personally</i> faces that threat. Finally, we discuss evidence that rodents can engage in prosocial behaviors that may be motivated by vicarious distress or reward.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00198-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129725456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0