Adversity and resilience science最新文献

{"title":"Examining the Effect of Trauma on Emotion Regulation: The Role of Resilience","authors":"Kira L. Sturgess,&nbsp;Bradley T. Conner","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00211-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00211-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The goal of this study was to empirically examine the role of resilience on difficulties with emotion regulation in the experience of trauma. We aimed to investigate whether trait resilience can act as a moderator on the direct relation between trauma and emotion regulation. Further, we were interested in understanding whether trait resilience acts as a buffer against difficulties with emotion regulation and maladaptive behaviors. We used data from a sample of undergraduate students (<i>n</i> = 3,181) to conduct multiple linear regressions estimating the relations between trauma and emotion regulation and how resilience might moderate this relation. Our analyses unexpectedly found a lack of a moderating effect of resilience on emotion regulation and trauma, highlighting a gap in current research. Analyses confirmed a significant positive relation between trauma and difficulties in emotion regulation and a significant negative relation between resilience and difficulties with emotion regulation. Interestingly, our hypotheses failed to support a significant moderating effect of resilience on the relation between trauma and difficulties with emotion regulation. More specifically, the trauma and resilience interaction term was not statistically significant. Results suggest that the ability to positively modulate environmental and internal emotional responses are limited when levels of resilience are low. Importantly, these findings indicate resilience does not buffer against traumatic experiences and that it positively predicts a lack of emotional awareness in the wake of trauma, indicating a need for further research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-026-00211-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Abuse and Stress Across Adolescence: Longitudinal Evidence for a Mediated Pathway Through Hikikomori Behaviors","authors":"Danilo Calaresi,&nbsp;Valeria Verrastro,&nbsp;Marta Sechi,&nbsp;Valeria Saladino","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00203-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00203-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescent stress is an increasingly recognized mental health challenge, often rooted in early adverse experiences. This study examines the longitudinal relationships among emotional abuse (EA), hikikomori behaviors (HB; defined as prolonged and extreme social withdrawal), and perceived stress, aiming to clarify how EA contributes to stress outcomes through patterns of HB. A sample of 1,894 Italian adolescents (M = 15.46, SD = 1.10) were enrolled in a three-wave longitudinal study, with assessments conducted at baseline (T1), six months (T2), and twelve months (T3). EA was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form, HB using the Hikikomori Questionnaire, and stress symptoms using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate reciprocal and mediating pathways among variables across time points. EA at T1 and at T2 predicted HB and stress at T2 and at T3. HB at T1 and at T2 predicted stress at T2 and T3 but didn’t predict EA. Stress symptoms did not predict subsequent HB or EA. Mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects: EA at T1 influenced stress at T3 via EA at T2, HB at T2, and stress at T2. Additionally, HB at T1 predicted T3 stress through HB at T2 and stress at T2. These findings suggest that adolescents exposed to EA are at greater risk of developing stress-related difficulties, with HB functioning as a key behavioral pathway. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing emotionally abusive experiences and preventing social withdrawal may play a critical role in promoting adolescent well-being and reducing long-term stress vulnerability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Early Experiences on Perinatal Mental Health: A Dual Perspective on Adversity and Benevolence","authors":"Ana Rabasa,&nbsp;Alejandro Miguel-Alvaro,&nbsp;Marta Giménez-Dasí,&nbsp;Laura Quintanilla Cobián","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00209-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00209-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early childhood experiences may shape the transition to motherhood. Research has mainly examined Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), while Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) remain comparatively understudied. Considering both together is key to understanding maternal adjustment. This study aimed to identify subgroups of pregnant women based on ACEs, specifically childhood maltreatment (CM), and BCEs levels and to examine how these clusters relate to emotional symptoms and adaptation to pregnancy. A total of 454 pregnant women (<i>M</i> = 34.70 years; <i>SD</i> = 3.94 years; range = 22–47 years; 95.4% Spanish) from an urban setting were recruited through a hospital and completed questionnaires assessing ACEs, BCEs, anxiety, depression, and adaptation to pregnancy. Cluster analyses identified four distinct CM–BCE profiles. Psychological outcomes during pregnancy differed significantly across clusters. Differences in depressive symptoms were associated with both CM and BCEs (<i>H</i>(3) = 44.92, <i>p</i> &lt; .001, <i>η²</i> = .10), whereas pregnancy anxiety (<i>H</i>(3) = 24.96, <i>p</i> &lt; .01, <i>η</i>² = .05) and adaptation to pregnancy (<i>H</i>(3) = 49.62, <i>p</i> &lt;. 01, <i>η</i>² = .11) were particularly sensitive to the absence of BCEs. Overall, BCEs emerged as a significant promotive factor for psychological adjustment during pregnancy. The findings support integrating both CM and BCEs into research and clinical assessments, encouraging a resilience-oriented framework.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-026-00209-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating Role of Religious and Ethnic Socialization in the Jamaican Context: Associations between Paternal Depression and Engagement with Preschoolers","authors":"Jaipaul Roopnarine,&nbsp;Suzette-Kelly Williams,&nbsp; Wusirige,&nbsp;Ambika Krishnakumar","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00191-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00191-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drawing on concepts within developmental psychopathology on risk and protective factors, this study examined the moderating role of religious and ethnic socialization in associations between paternal depressive symptoms and engagement with preschool-aged children in Jamaica. One hundred fifty-two fathers reported on their depressive symptoms, religious and ethnic socialization, and engagement in childcare, play, and literacy-based activities. Religious socialization moderated associations between depressive symptoms and engagement in childcare, play, and literacy-based activities. Ethnic socialization moderated associations between depressive symptoms and engagement in childcare and play. Findings are interpreted in terms of the potential role of religious and ethnic socialization in moderating the negative effects of paternal depressive symptoms on engagement with preschoolers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-026-00191-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘I’ve Always Managed on My Own’—Exploring Resilience Through the Voices of Children in Foster Care","authors":"Amanda Angelöw,&nbsp;Joel Hultman,&nbsp;Alma Lamberti Schonfeld,&nbsp;Kerstin Neander,&nbsp;Elia Psouni","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00210-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00210-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a notable lack of resilience-focused research grounded in the perspectives of children currently in foster care. Therefore, the present study explored resilience processes through children’s own accounts, guided by two research questions: (1) How do children in foster care describe themselves, their relationships and their different important contexts? (2) How do children cope with the specific challenges they encounter? Twelve children (12–18 years old) were interviewed individually using the semi-structured <i>Friends and Family Interview</i>. Reflexive thematic analysis yielded three overarching themes: (1) Transition to foster care, (2) Navigating life, and (3) Trust and comfort in connections. These themes and their subthemes illustrate the complexity of resilience processes in children’s everyday lives. Support and the sense of belonging in the foster family, often expressed in ‘ordinary’ daily activities, seem to play an important role. Meanwhile, a recurring tension between autonomy and loneliness appears central. Not least, the burdening impact of placement disruptions is evident in the children’s accounts. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding children’s perspectives and inner worlds for informing well-tuned supportive practices. We discuss several practical implications such as access to psychological treatment and supporting children in maintaining connections with friends and adults outside the family. Promoting placement stability remains a key challenge for the foster care system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-026-00210-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Childhood Experiences as Predictors of Flourishing and Inflammatory Markers During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Yui Yamaoka,&nbsp;Nobutoshi Nawa,&nbsp;Hisaaki Nishimura,&nbsp;Yuna Koyama,&nbsp;Jin Kuramochi,&nbsp;Takeo Fujiwara","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00201-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00201-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used data from the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) study in Utsunomiya, Japan, to examine the association between positive childhood experiences, flourishing and biomarkers adjusting for adverse childhood experiences. The survey was conducted in June-July (wave 1) and October (wave 2) 2020 under the COVID-19 pandemic among randomly selected community residents. This study assessed seven positive childhood experiences and thirteen adverse childhood experiences, including child maltreatment, household dysfunction, and environmental adversities, within the Japanese context. The analytic sample was participants aged 18 and over who completed both surveys and collected blood samples (<i>n</i> = 397; mean age 53.4 years; 47.1% male). In multiple linear regression analyses, having a greater number of positive childhood experiences was associated with a higher flourishing index (i.e., comprehensive state of well-being), although having adverse childhood experiences was not significantly associated. In addition, a higher number of positive childhood experiences was associated with a favorable inflammation state, as measured by lower White Blood Cell (WBC) counts and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels, even after adjusting for adverse childhood experiences. Positive childhood experiences were associated with flourishing and inflammatory biomarkers in adulthood, even after adjusting for adverse childhood experiences. These findings suggest that positive relational resources in childhood may be associated with lifelong well-being, potentially through biological pathways, offering insights for future public health strategies focused on early-life positive experiences.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-026-00201-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Couple’s Relationship Before the COVID-19 and Perinatal Mental Health in Mothers and Fathers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Tiago Miguel Pinto,&nbsp;Soraia Mesquita,&nbsp;Bárbara Figueiredo","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00206-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00206-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Couple’s relationship can be either a protective or a risk factor for perinatal mental health, with an expectably higher impact on mothers and fathers facing adversity. This study analyzed the association between couple’s relationship before the COVID-19 pandemic and mother’s and father’s postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms during a major adversity condition, the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 108 primiparous mothers and fathers was recruited and assessed at the first trimester of pregnancy before the COVID-19 pandemic and assessed again at six months postpartum, before (<i>n</i> = 68) or during the COVID-19 pandemic (<i>n</i> = 40). At both assessment waves, mothers and fathers completed self-reported measures of positive and negative dimensions of the couple’s relationship and depressive and anxiety symptoms. The positive dimension of the couple’s relationship before the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with less postnatal depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers facing the COVID-19 pandemic, while no association was found in mothers and fathers who did not face the COVID-19 pandemic. Couple’s relationship before the COVID-19 pandemic may be a protective factor for postnatal depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers facing the COVID-19 pandemic, and thus may promote postnatal mental health in parents facing adversity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-026-00206-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Adversity to Advantage: Uncertainty Priming Provides Executive Function Advantage in the Context of Childhood Adversity and Uncertainty","authors":"Benjamin Robert George Sigsworth,&nbsp;Tobias Katus,&nbsp;Peter Collins,&nbsp;Laura Katus","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00202-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00202-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Adversity in childhood, which includes adverse life experiences such as abuse and neglect, but can also be more broadly understood to encompass household dysfunction and uncertainty, has been widely linked to poorer cognitive and mental health outcomes and is often interpreted within a deficit-model framework. However, emerging evidence suggests that certain forms of early adversity, particularly exposure to uncertainty, may also foster context-specific cognitive adaptations. Drawing on the specialisation–sensitisation framework, the present study examined whether exposure to childhood uncertainty and adverse life experiences is associated with enhanced executive function (EF) performance under uncertainty-primed conditions in adulthood. In a quasi-representative UK sample (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 435), participants completed validated measures of childhood uncertainty and childhood adversity alongside EF tasks assessing cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory, following random assignment to either uncertainty or control priming. Higher childhood uncertainty and adversity exposure were associated with significantly better cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control performance under uncertainty priming, with no significant disadvantage under control conditions. An examination of the timing of adversity showed that early childhood exposure was associated with lower adult EF performance, regardless of priming context. Exposure to adversity in middle childhood was associated with a performance advantage under uncertainty priming conditions. Regarding adversity type, peer and family adversity were associated with overall cognitive flexibility performance disadvantages, whereas neglect exposure was associated with a cognitive flexibility performance advantage under uncertainty priming conditions. These findings add nuance to the discussion of impairments following childhood adversity and highlight the potential for adaptive calibration of cognitive systems. This work supports the need for context-sensitive assessments and interventions that acknowledge both the risks and the functional adaptations associated with early life adversity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Public Relevance&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;Adults who experienced childhood adversity or uncertainty may perform better on executive function tasks when thinking about uncertain situations, suggesting potential hidden strengths shaped by early life experiences.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Key Findings&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;1. When primed for uncertainty, participants with exposure to childhood adversity and uncertainty perform better in executive function tasks.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;2. Early-life adversity or uncertainty may thus enhance adults’ executive function performance in unpredictable task contexts, revealing adaptive strengths shaped by challenging childhoods.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;3. The long-term effects of childhood adversity may be more nua","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-026-00202-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147362961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Critical Role of Cultural Engagement in the Link between Family Conflict, Maternal Depression, and Youth Internalizing Symptoms in American Indian and Alaska Native Families","authors":"Alex M. Gillham,&nbsp;Gabe Cochran,&nbsp;Andrea Wiglesworth,&nbsp;Nicki L. Aubuchon-Endsley,&nbsp;Ashleigh Coser,&nbsp;Ricardo A. Wilhelm,&nbsp;Wesley K. Thompson,&nbsp;Robin L. Aupperle,&nbsp;Martin P. Paulus,&nbsp;Evan J. White","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00197-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00197-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research has established a significant link between Maternal Depression (MD) and increased emotional and psychological symptoms in children. However, they have largely overlooked the specific impact on AI/AN children who are at higher risk for these internalizing and externalizing symptoms compared to children of other racial/ethnic backgrounds. This study aims to bridge this gap by identifying key risk and protective factors (e.g., family conflict, traditional cultural engagement) that might exacerbate or mitigate the effects of MD on AI/AN children, thereby advancing health equity for this underserved population. This study involved 197 AI/AN children, aged 9–12, whose mothers had a history of MD based on data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We examined whether MD symptom severity correlates with child internalizing symptoms, including anxiety and depression. Moreover, we investigated the potential moderating roles of traditional cultural engagement and family conflict in this relationship. The findings revealed that higher family conflict significantly amplifies internalizing (<i>d</i> = 0.29) and depressive symptoms (<i>d</i> = 0.29) in children when level of MD is low. Family conflict heightened anxiety symptoms only in children who had low levels of traditional cultural engagement. Furthermore, a three-way interaction indicated that traditional engagement moderated the relationship between family conflict and anxiety symptoms, with higher traditional engagement buffering the negative impact of family conflict, particularly among younger children (d = 0.35). Taken together, these results underscore the heightened vulnerability of AI/AN children to internalizing symptoms in the context of MD and family conflict. However, they also highlight the potential of cultural protective factors to counteract these negative outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147362960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting through COVID-19 Related Adversity: A Qualitative Study using a Cognitive-Behavioral Framework","authors":"Salena King Coughlan,&nbsp;Lana O. Beasley,&nbsp;Jens E. Jespersen,&nbsp;Jennifer Hays-Grudo,&nbsp;Julie Kable,&nbsp;Claire Coles,&nbsp;Christina Chambers,&nbsp;Ludmila Bakhireva,&nbsp;Lynn Singer,&nbsp;Julie M. Croff,&nbsp;Amanda Morris","doi":"10.1007/s42844-026-00196-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-026-00196-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic was a source of global prolonged, multilayered adversity that caused heightened levels of social, emotional, and psychological stressors. It is imperative to understand the heightened stressors and protective factors that caregivers experienced during the pandemic in order to better contextualize treatment for caregivers, their children, and families today. Research has shown that caregiver and child well-being are interconnected. Indicating that the impacts of the pandemic on caregivers as individuals likely contributed to overall child well-being in the context of changes in parental thoughts, feelings, and actions. Therefore, the primary objectives of the current study were to determine, from a qualitative perspective, positive and negative parenting behavioral changes throughout various levels of stay in place orders attributed to the pandemic and how these experiences may fit within the cognitive behavioral framework. A sample of caregivers (<i>N</i> = 67) across five states were identified by previous studies, social media advertisements, community events, and medical clinics. It is important to note that the caregivers in the current sample were predominantly white and highly educated. Caregivers reported perceived positive and negative parenting changes experienced during the pandemic (child age range = 6 weeks to 4 years). Fewer than one-third of participants described negative parenting changes, such as harsher parenting practices or increased irritability. In contrast, over half of caregivers described positive changes, including increased quality time, stronger feelings of attachment, greater patience, and flexibility. These findings emerged from thematic analysis and reflect the most frequently discussed patterns across interviews. This exploratory study acknowledges the difficulties of parenting during a pandemic while also identifying and emphasizing the strategies families used to adapt.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}