Adversity and resilience science最新文献

{"title":"How Do You Become Resilient? A Critical Realist Explanation of the Youth Resilience Process","authors":"Grace W. K. Ho,&nbsp;Doris Y. L. Leung,&nbsp;Athena C. Y. Chan,&nbsp;Daniel T. Bressington,&nbsp;Thanos Karatzias","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00154-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00154-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adversities serve as risks, but also opportunities to acquire capacities to adjust positively in future stressors. There is now considerable agreement that resilience should be viewed as a process. However, a key question remains: Why do some individuals exhibit resilience while others do not? The present study aimed to provide a detailed description of the youth resilience process and theorized on the specific mechanisms that support positive adjustment following adversities in early life. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 34 young adults with adverse childhood experiences; analysis followed a paradigm of critical realism. Results were organized in three levels of realist ontology to provide hierarchical and substantive support of findings and theorizations. We propose the Youth Resilience Process Model (Y-RPM), which integrates and builds on existing theories and concepts to explain the mechanisms and different pathways of internal processes that foster resilience among youths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 2","pages":"105 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-024-00154-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Resilience Outcome Expectations Scale: Development and Initial Validation","authors":"J. Hephsebha,&nbsp;Amrita Deb","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00157-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00157-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is the first to develop a tool to measure Resilience Outcome Expectations (ROE) quantitatively. ROE is defined as the belief in achieving positive adaptation results through one’s action despite an adversarial experience. Extensive research has established the importance of resilience and outcome expectations (OEs) separately. However, no study has exclusively examined the contributions of OEs in resilience, making ROE an unexplored area of research. The ROE scale items were generated using a deductive approach, which involved reviewing the literature and assessing existing related scales relevant to the topic. The COVID-19 pandemic was considered the context of adversity for this scale development study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a single-factor accounting for 58.5% of the variance, further supported by parallel analysis. Cronbach’s alpha value of .87 indicated good internal consistency. Twenty-two expert evaluations confirmed the face and content validity of the ROE scale. Furthermore, computations of the content validity index (CVI) and kappa statistic (K) determined high content validity quantitatively. While further validation and confirmation of the scale’s factor structure are required, the initial testing of the ROE tool has shown promising psychometric properties. Accordingly, the scale may be utilized by future ROE researchers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 4","pages":"401 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Resilience Among College Students in Recovery from Substance Misuse During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Michael Broman,&nbsp;Uwe Wernekinck","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00155-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00155-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has shown that both college students and people in recovery from substance use disorder were adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, mental health and substance use challenges accrued for each group. However, less is known about how people who are both college students and in recovery experienced the pandemic. And, generally, little is known about the experiences of college students in recovery without access to the institutional support of a collegiate recovery program. We conducted a study including college students in recovery on a campus without a collegiate recovery program (<i>N</i> = 17) to explore how students experienced adversity during the pandemic and how they demonstrated resilience in overcoming adversity. We utilized thematic analysis to document patterns in the data. Students grappled with attrition from their recovery communities, loss of personal connections, and substance use and mental health challenges. To mitigate these hardships, students employed strategies to avoid substance use, applied principles of recovery programs, took advantage of new resources for recovery, and found ways to maintain connection with some supports. Our findings, documenting the resilience shown by these college students, can be utilized to improve collegiate recovery services, with an eye toward the ongoing popularity of virtual learning and toward potential future disruptive events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 4","pages":"389 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-024-00155-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience: Racial Differences and Coping Style as a Mediator","authors":"Madisen Hillebrant-Openshaw,&nbsp;Maria Wong","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00153-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00153-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Individuals with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at risk for many negative outcomes such as poor mental and physical health. Previous research suggests that coping styles may explain the relationship between ACEs and these outcomes. Further, Black and White individuals have been shown to cope with stressful events differently. However, we do not fully understand if ACEs differentially predict the use of certain coping styles in these two racial groups, or if certain coping styles can explain why individuals of each racial group are less resilient. The current study aimed to expand the field’s knowledge of the mediating role of coping styles on the relationship between ACEs and resilience. Additionally, we examined whether there are racial differences in the relationships within these mediation models. 548 Black and White participants were recruited for an online short-term longitudinal study via Mechanical Turk. Participants filled out questionnaires measuring ACEs, coping styles, and resilience at two time points, 3 months apart. Avoidant and vigilant coping mediated the relationship between ACEs and resilience such that greater ACEs increased the likelihood of avoidant and vigilant coping, which reduced resilience. Further, White individuals had greater increases in avoidant and vigilant coping with each additional ACE compared to Black individuals, and White participants had a greater reduction in resilience with increases in vigilant coping compared to Black participants. The implications of these findings on prevention and intervention programs for individuals with ACEs are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 3","pages":"221 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-024-00153-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Brief Multidimensional Measure of Future Orientation in Young Adults","authors":"Zehua Cui,&nbsp;Erinn B. Duprey,&nbsp;Sihong Liu,&nbsp;Assaf Oshri","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00152-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00152-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Youth’s future orientation (FO) is a robust predictor of a successful transition to adulthood, and a protective and promotive factor for resilience. However, assessing FO during adolescence and emerging adulthood is typically unidimensional, burdensome, and lacks attention to positive and negative thoughts about the future. This study aimed to develop and validate the Orienting and Planning the Future Scale (OPFS), a short inventory of FO. Study 1 included participants aged 18 to 25 (<i>N</i> = 607, 65.6% female) recruited online via the M-Turk platform. Study 2 included a sample of emerging adults of low socioeconomic status (SES) (<i>N</i> = 224, 54.5% female). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure. We found evidence for convergent, discriminant, incremental, and criterion-related validity. Higher positive professional/financial FO was associated with reduced risky sexual behaviors (rank-order change). Thus, our results demonstrate reliability and validity of the OPFS among two samples of emerging adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 4","pages":"365 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Features of the Academic Resilience Scale-Short Version (ARS-SV): A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Study","authors":"Agustín Freiberg-Hoffmann,&nbsp;Agustín Romero-Medina,&nbsp;Carlos Vigh,&nbsp;Javier Sánchez-Rosas,&nbsp;Mercedes Fernández-Liporace","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00150-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00150-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Academic resilience is the ability to achieve successful results in educational challenges. Since it accurately predicts academic achievement and retention in undergraduates, measuring it is essential. The study is aimed at developing a short version of the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) as well as testing the bifactor model, posed in prior research as an alternative to first-order structures. Items were altered to become linguistically suitable for the target population and examined in terms of content. An exploratory factor analysis (300 undergraduates) retained 12 out of the 30 items—four per dimension—considering their content and metric features. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling analysis tested and compared different models in 805 undergraduates. As a result, the bifactor ESEM model including three independent dimensions and a global dimension was selected due to its better fit. The short scale enables a valid, reliable, and fast assessment of academic resilience in undergraduates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 1","pages":"85 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences, Protective Factors, and Childhood Obesity: Comparing the Effectiveness of Three Resilience Frameworks","authors":"Kevin Keane,&nbsp;Retta R. Evans,&nbsp;Larrell L. Wilkinson,&nbsp;Dione Moultrie King,&nbsp;Lindsay Leban,&nbsp;David Macrina","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00151-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00151-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While rates of childhood obesity continue to rise in the United States, multiple studies have linked childhood obesity to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). ACEs researchers have begun to develop frameworks that identify protective factors that build resilience against ACEs. However, these frameworks have a limited evidence base. Utilizing data from the 2018–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health, this study compared the effectiveness of the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (NSCDC), Health Outcomes from Positive Experiences (HOPE), and cumulative positive childhood experiences (PCEs) frameworks in mitigating the impact of ACEs on childhood obesity. Based on hierarchical logistic regression conducted on data from 46,672 children between the ages of 10 and 17 years old, this study found that both the NSCDC and HOPE frameworks were associated with childhood obesity, with each framework explaining a similar amount of variance in childhood obesity across analyses. The cumulative PCEs framework did not strengthen the association between either framework and childhood obesity. Across analyses, strong self-regulation, mastery/after-school activities, and living in a supportive neighborhood had the strongest association with childhood obesity. The findings suggest that the most salient protective factors may be those most closely associated with the direct causes of childhood obesity, with the need to identify factors across ecological levels. Future research is needed to validate these frameworks further and explore these frameworks with other outcomes. The findings have important implications for future ACEs research and ACEs interventions.</p><p>By understanding which resilience frameworks and protective factors have the strongest relationship with childhood obesity among children who experienced ACEs, interventions can potentially be developed using these findings to mitigate the harmful impact of ACEs on childhood obesity.</p><p>This study found that the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (NSCDC) and Health Outcomes from Positive Experiences (HOPE) frameworks were associated with childhood obesity after controlling for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a sample of children between the ages of 10 and 17 years old. The strongest protective factors against childhood obesity were strong self-regulation, mastery/after-school activities, and living in a supportive neighborhood. Given the relationship between these protective factors along with several covariates in the study with childhood obesity, future ACEs interventions should potentially target these protective factors and other social determinants of health to reduce the negative impact of ACEs on childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 4","pages":"343 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42844-024-00151-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interconnected Protective Factors and Adversities: Adaptation and Resilience in Refugees During Intensified Containment and COVID-19 in Lesbos, Greece","authors":"Priya Nair,&nbsp;Lou Safra","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00149-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00149-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combining frameworks from both migration studies and psychology, this study examines the factors that have contributed to refugees’ resilience amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Lesbos, Greece. Twenty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with refugees and international humanitarian actors and subsequently analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Ten key protective factors are presented, operating at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels. These factors encompass behavioral and cognitive factors at the individual level, as well as social support and community resources such as self-organization, self-advocacy, and organizational support. Our analysis, informed by a multisystemic framework of resilience, revealed that these factors are fundamentally interconnected and shaped by the institutional macrosystem. The broader social, political, and built environment plays a critical role, either facilitating or impeding resilience, sometimes resulting in protective factors causing harm. This paper offers insights into how intensified containment affects access to resilience-enhancing resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 1","pages":"45 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Silver Linings: Benefit-Finding, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Samantha R. Scott,&nbsp;Christopher S. Rozek,&nbsp;Grayden R. Wolfe,&nbsp;Kathryn R. Fox,&nbsp;Jenalee R. Doom","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00147-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00147-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns led to high psychological stress for many adolescents and young adults, which may have contributed to increased depressive symptoms. We aimed to determine if benefit-finding, a cognitive-based coping strategy, was associated with lower depressive symptoms early in the pandemic, and if associations between different types of stress and depressive symptoms depended on the level of benefit-finding that high school and university students reported using. Hypotheses were tested using online survey data in May 2020 during stay-at-home restrictions. The high school sample (<i>N</i> = 651; <i>M</i> = 16.2 years) included students from three US urban high schools, and the university sample (<i>N</i> = 437; <i>M</i> = 26.6 years) included undergraduate and graduate students at a mid-size private urban university. Participants self-reported COVID-19-specific psychological and financial stress, benefit-finding, and depressive symptoms. In both samples, higher psychological stress, higher financial stress, and lower benefit-finding were associated with higher depressive symptoms. In the university sample only, those reporting high benefit-finding showed lower psychological stress and depressive symptoms. Benefit-finding did not moderate associations between financial stress and depressive symptoms in either sample. Benefit-finding was associated with lower depressive symptoms generally, suggesting a potential benefit for this strategy regardless of stress level for high school and university students. Benefit-finding may have helped buffer the association between high levels of psychological stress related to the pandemic and depressive symptoms, but only for university students. Finally, benefit-finding appeared less beneficial for buffering against high depressive symptoms in the context of high financial stress in both samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"6 1","pages":"95 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Resilience Mediates the Relationship Between BCE’s and Life Satisfaction: Examining Turkish Students","authors":"Melih Sever,&nbsp;Oktay Tatlıcıoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s42844-024-00146-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42844-024-00146-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research indicates that when examining later adulthood well-being, it is essential to consider not only the absence of adverse childhood experiences but also the presence of positive ones. This research aims to examine the relationship between benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs), psychological resilience, and life satisfaction in young adults. We collected data from 446 participants from 21 universities across Turkey via online forms. Participants self-reported their BCEs, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience. Structural equation modeling is used to test the study hypotheses. Results indicate that resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between BCEs and life satisfaction (indirect effect = .011, 95% CI [.0039, .0210]). Considering the findings, we recommend assessing BCEs and psychological resilience along with adverse childhood experiences to monitor later adulthood well-being in students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72113,"journal":{"name":"Adversity and resilience science","volume":"5 4","pages":"411 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}