Advances in ophthalmology practice and research最新文献

{"title":"The effect of a specific vitamin supplement containing L-methylfolate (Ocufolin forte) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Tatjana Josifova ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Konieczka ,&nbsp;Andreas Schötzau ,&nbsp;Josef Flammer","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with nAMD often have pathologically elevated homocysteine (Hcy) and increased retinal venous pressure (RVP). We tested whether the administration of a specific vitamin preparation containing L-methylfolate (Ocufolin forte) as an addition to anti-VEGF therapy reduces these two risk factors and favorably influences the disease course.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 27 eyes/27 patients with intra- and subretinal fluid, Hcy above 12 ​μmol/L, RVP of at least 8 ​mm above the IOP, and an IOP between 10 and 20 ​mmHg were included in this study. All eyes received three injections of 0.05 ​ml aflibercept at one-month intervals as clinically indicated. Fifteen patients additionally received one capsule of Ocufolin forte per day (Ocufolin group, OG), and the other twelve patients served as a control group (control group, CG). The following factors were measured before therapy and four months later: blood Hcy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intra-ocular pressure (IOP), RVP, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography - angiography (OCTA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hcy decreased on average by 5.58 ​μmol/L in the OG and by 0.57 ​μmol/L in the CG. The RVP decreased on average by 4.60 ​mmHg in the OG and by 0.75 ​mmHg in the CG. The difference between the two groups was significant for both parameters (<em>P</em> ​&lt;0.001); 66% of the OG and 41% of the CG had no retinal fluid at the end of the study. After the completion of the study, the injection intervals could be extended more often in the OG patients than in the CG patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>When Ocufolin forte was added to the standard therapy, RVP and Hcy were reduced to a significantly greater extent than without Ocufolin forte. In addition, Ocufolin had a positive influence on morphology and future treatment intervals with anti-VEGF therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mild posterior capsule opacification on visual outcomes in trifocal diffractive pseudophakic eyes: A multicenter prospective study","authors":"Limei Zhang ,&nbsp;Runhan Shi ,&nbsp;Xuanzhu Chen ,&nbsp;Xuefen Gu ,&nbsp;Jiying Shen ,&nbsp;Aijun Wang ,&nbsp;Shuang Ni ,&nbsp;Lei Cai ,&nbsp;Haike Guo ,&nbsp;Jin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To elucidate the impact of mild PCO on the visual outcomes in patients with hydrophilic trifocal IOLs, and to identify objective indicators that can assist in determining the need for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a prospective observational study. 189 patients implanted trifocal IOL who underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were recruited. Patients were classified into four grades according to PCO morphology. The distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity (VA), dysfunction lens index (DLI), contrast sensitivity (CS) and visual function (VF-14) scores were measured before and 1 month after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, a significant correlation was observed between PCO grading and uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), near (UNVA) visual acuity, corrected distance VA (CDVA), DLI, and VF-14 scores (All <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). However, in patients with PCO grade 1 (mild), post-capsulotomy UNVA, DLI, medium and high spatial frequency CS under photopic condition and VF-14 scores were significantly improved compared with pre-capsulotomy values (all <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for DLI was 0.830 (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), with a corresponding cut-off value of 7.225, indicating its usefulness in assessing the need for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in cases of mild PCO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mild PCO initially impairs near visual acuity in patients with trifocal IOLs and concurrently diminishes both subjective and objective of visual quality. The DLI can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator to assess whether patients with mild PCO may benefit from Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of tear film stability on corneal refractive power measurement and surgical planning for cataract","authors":"Yuanfeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiteng Chen ,&nbsp;Yichen Gao,&nbsp;Nan Gao,&nbsp;Huiyu Wang,&nbsp;Yanwen Feng,&nbsp;Meisa Li,&nbsp;Luning Qin,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Shaozhen Zhao,&nbsp;Shaochong Bu,&nbsp;Fang Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the influence of tear film stability on corneal refractive power measurement and surgical planning in cataract patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were divided into tear film instability (tear film stability level 2) and control (level 0–1) groups based on Keratograph 5M results. Using IOL Master 700, two consecutive measurements were obtained with a 10-min interval. Parameters including standard keratometry (Kf, Ks and K), keratometric corneal astigmatism (KCA), total keratometry (TKf, TKs and TK) and total corneal astigmatism (TCA) were recorded. IOL power was calculated using SRK-T, SRK-T TK, Haigis, Haigis TK, Barrett Universal II, and Barrett Universal II TK formulas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed significantly higher differences between two measurements in Kf, K, KCA, TKf, TK, and TCA, as well as the vector variability of corneal astigmatism in the tear film instability group (all <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Of all formulas, only the SRK-T formula displayed significantly higher variability in IOL power calculations in the tear film instability group compared to the control group (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights that tear film instability can lead to deviations in corneal refractive power and astigmatism measurements, contributing to increased prediction errors in IOL power calculation, particularly with the SRK-T formula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The alterations of ocular surface metabolism and the related immunity inflammation in dry eye","authors":"Xiaojie Wan ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaiye Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujie Mou ,&nbsp;Xiuming Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dry eye disease (DED) stands as a prominent ocular condition of global prevalence, emerging as a growing concern within public health. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In recent years, with the development of metabolomics, numerous studies have reported alterations in ocular surface metabolism in DED and offered fresh perspectives on the development of DED.</div></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><div>The metabolic changes of the ocular surface of DED patients are closely intertwined with the cellular metabolism process and immune inflammation changes. This article expounds upon the correlation between ocular surface metabolism and immune inflammation alterations in DED in terms of glycolysis, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cellular signaling pathways, and immune inflammation regulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The alterations in ocular surface metabolism of patients with dry eye are closely associated with their inflammatory status. Our work contributes novel insights into the pathogenesis of dry eye diseases and offers innovative molecular targets for diagnosing, detecting, and managing DED patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2667-3762(25)00008-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2667-3762(25)00008-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages iii-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between myopia and diabetic retinopathy: A two-sample mendelian randomization study","authors":"Jinyi Xu ,&nbsp;Shengsong Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Chuqi Xiang,&nbsp;Zhenbang Ruan,&nbsp;Mingxin Lu,&nbsp;Liying He,&nbsp;Yin Hu,&nbsp;Xiao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The association between myopia and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is unclear, with inconsistent results reported, and whether the association represents causality remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the causal associations of genetically determined myopia with DR, and further explore specific mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analyses of any myopia and high myopia on six DR phenotypes, including any DR, background DR, severe background DR, proliferative DR (PDR), diabetic maculopathy and unspecific DR in the primary study. Mechanism exploration of spherical equivalent refraction (SER), corneal curvature (CC) and axial length (AL) on any DR was carried out subsequently. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), used as genetic instruments, were derived from UK Biobank, Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging cohort (GERA) and FinnGen. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was mainly used to assess the causality, and was complemented with sensitivity analyses and causality direction analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using SNPs that have excluded possible confounders, we discovered suggestive and positive causal associations of any myopia with any DR (IVW: odds ratio [OR] ​= ​1.133, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.070–1.201, <em>P</em> ​= ​1.91×10⁻⁵) and PDR (IVW: OR ​= ​1.182, 95% CI: 1.088–1.285, <em>P</em> ​= ​8.31×10⁻⁵). Similar but more significant associations were found of high myopia with any DR and PDR (IVW: OR ​= ​1.107, 95%CI: 1.051–1.166, <em>P</em> ​= ​1.39×10⁻⁴; OR ​= ​1.163, 95%CI: 1.088–1.244, <em>P</em> ​= ​8.76×10⁻⁶, respectively). Further mechanism analyses found only AL, rather than SER or CC, was strongly and significantly associated with any DR. These associations were robust in sensitivity analyses and causality direction analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found significant and positive causal associations of any myopia and high myopia with the risk of DR and PDR, which might be related with AL, indicating the significance of myopia control for preventing DR development and progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global incidence and trends of ocular cancer: A bibliometric analysis","authors":"Hang Xu ,&nbsp;Alexander C. Rokohl ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Ju ,&nbsp;Yongwei Guo ,&nbsp;Xincen Hou ,&nbsp;Wanlin Fan ,&nbsp;Ludwig M. Heindl","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ocular cancer represents a significant threat to vision and life among various eye diseases. Conjunctival melanoma is regarded as one of the most feared and unpredictable ocular tumors. Considering the global differences in the occurrence of ocular melanoma across different races and regions, this study provides a thorough examination of the current state of research pertaining to the epidemiology of ocular and conjunctival cancers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This bibliometrics analysis used the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) to collect data from publications on the epidemiology of ocular cancer, including relevant literature from 1951 to 2024. We examined indicators including t publication counts, citation rates, and data on contributing countries, institutions, and journals. Use VOSviewer and CiteSpace for network visualization and Microsoft Excel for data management. Our analysis reveals key trends in the epidemiology of ocular cancer across countries and identifies prominent keywords.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 406 articles on ocular cancer were identified, with significant contributions from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. Denmark also plays a crucial role, particularly in conjunctival cancer research. Carol L. Shields is a leading figure widely recognized for her influential citations in ocular cancer epidemiology. The top publication platforms include the <em>British Journal of Ophthalmology</em>, <em>Ophthalmic Epidemiology</em>, and <em>Ophthalmology</em>. Key terms in ocular cancer research focus on prevalence, survival, and epidemiology, while conjunctival cancer studies emphasize malignant melanoma, conjunctiva, and epidemiology. Through keyword co-occurrence and burst analysis, trending topics include prevalence, risk factors, uveal melanoma, choroidal melanoma, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and conjunctiva. For conjunctival cancer, key research areas expected to remain prominent are cell carcinoma, management, recurrence, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, and pathology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This analysis represents the first comprehensive bibliometric review mapping the trends and the knowledge structure in ocular cancer research, specifically from an epidemiological viewpoint. The results meticulously explore and encapsulate the research frontiers for scholars dedicated to the epidemiology of conjunctival cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting ocular malignancies using a novel light-activated virus-like drug conjugate","authors":"Sen Ma ,&nbsp;Ruben V. Huis In't Veld ,&nbsp;Elisabet de los Pinos ,&nbsp;Ferry A. Ossendorp ,&nbsp;Martine J. Jager","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Targeted therapy is a promising approach to improve the treatment of tumors, including ocular malignancies. Current therapies, such as radiotherapy and surgery, often lead to serious damage to vision or to loss of the eye. New approaches have examined nanoparticles for use as targeted delivery vehicles for drugs. A newly-developed virus-like drug conjugate is a promising nanoparticle with a defined target: the novel virus-like particle-photosensitizer conjugate Belzupacap sarotalocan (Bel-sar, previous name AU-011).</div></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><div>In this review, we summarize the application of this novel light-activated virus-like particle conjugate in pre-clinical and clinical studies and discuss its potential to treat ocular malignancies, such as uveal melanoma and conjunctival melanoma. We furthermore discuss the combination with immunotherapy and its application on pigmented and non-pigmented tumors as well as its effect on macrophage polarization, which is important to achieve effective results in immunotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Belzupacap sarotalocan (Bel-sar) is a promising targeted drug carrier that enhances tumor-specific delivery and minimizes off-target effects. Its photodynamic therapy effectively treats pigmented and non-pigmented tumors while inducing immunogenic cell death through DAMP exposure, triggering local and systemic immune responses. Combining Bel-sar PDT with immunotherapy improves efficacy in preclinical models, warranting further clinical investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal association between non-thyroidal autoimmune diseases and Graves' ophthalmopathy: A mendelian randomization study","authors":"Lan Ma,&nbsp;Xue Jiang,&nbsp;Zhijia Hou,&nbsp;Dongmei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis study aimed to investigate the genetic causal relationship between non-thyroidal autoimmune diseases (ADs) and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis vulgaris (PV), type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were obtained from the IEU Open genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database, GWAS data for GO were obtained from the FinnGen database. Bidirectional MR analysis was conducted using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WM) method and MR-Egger test. Cochran's Q statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity between SNP estimates. MR-Egger regression was used to evaluate horizontal pleiotropy and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test was used to detect the outliers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For non-thyroidal ADs, the forward MR results using the IVM method showed that T1D (OR ​= ​1.259, 95%CI 1.026–1.5465; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.028) and SLE (OR ​= ​1.807, 95%CI 1.229–2.655; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.003) were correlated with the risk of GO at the genetic level, while there was no evidence showing that IBD, MS, PV and RA were correlated with GO. In the reverse MR study, there was a significant increase in the risk of developing T1D in GO (OR ​= ​1.135, 95%CI 1.018–1.265; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.022), but pleiotropy and heterogeneity existed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the European population, there is strong genetic evidence that patients with T1D and SLE have a higher risk of developing GO, whereas the effect of GO on ADs is unclear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An anatomical study of the medial wall, lateral wall, roof, and floor of the Filipino orbit","authors":"Lorenzo Angelo R. Santos,&nbsp;Reynaldo M. Javate","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 73-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}