Advances in ophthalmology practice and research最新文献

{"title":"Quantification of vascular morphology in optical coherence tomography angiography in primary open angle glaucoma","authors":"Praneeth Kalva ,&nbsp;Rubeel Akram ,&nbsp;Priya Mekala ,&nbsp;Monica Patel ,&nbsp;Sruthi Suresh ,&nbsp;Karanjit S. Kooner","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To quantitatively measure and compare the vascular morphology in healthy eyes and eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study which include healthy individuals and individuals with POAG that underwent OCTA imaging at an academic center's glaucoma clinic. We analyzed OCTA scans of the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) of one eye from each subject to quantitatively measure vessel density (VD), vessel length density (VLD), and branchpoint density (BPD). We compared these 3 parameters between the healthy and POAG groups and used logistic regression classification models to determine their diagnostic value in differentiating healthy and glaucomatous eyes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 49 healthy subjects and 49 subjects with POAG. After age-adjusted analysis, the parameters of VD, VLD, and BPD were significantly reduced in eyes with POAG (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001) in all scan layers and most significantly around the ONH. The parameter with the best performances were radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) VD [AUC (areas under the curve): 0.939 (0.891, 0.987)] which had statistically higher performances (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05) than parameters in the superficial or deep layers. All 3 parameters in the RPC layer had statistically similar performances.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We found that VD, VLD, and BPD were reduced in glaucomatous eyes. The morphologic parameters of VLD and BPD had similar performances to the traditional parameter of VD in RPC layers. Our results suggest that vascular morphology parameters may provide additional value in the diagnosis and evaluation of glaucoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/47/10/main.PMC10577834.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late postoperative opacification of a new type hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens","authors":"Jin Xie ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zang ,&nbsp;Shilan Mao ,&nbsp;Jie Sun ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Yunhai Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To report the clinical consequences and laboratory characteristics of late postoperative opacification of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (US-860UV IOL) as well as the prognosis of IOL replacement.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty medical records (42 eyes) of patients with US-860UV IOL opacification reporting decreased or lost vision who underwent IOL explantation between 2017 and 2019 were reviewed. Explanted IOLs were analyzed by slit-lamp examination, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) at the Shandong Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University, and Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean age of the 40 patients was 74.83 ​± ​7.57 (63–92) years. The mean interval between cataract surgery and diagnosis of opacification was 32.38 ​± ​8.76 (17–48) months. Systemic diseases were found without statistical correlations, the most frequent being arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. Visual acuity improved from 1.42 ​± ​1.03 to 0.31 ​± ​0.16 (logMAR) after IOL replacement. SEM, EDS and alizarin red staining showed uniformly distributed, diffuse, milk-white opacification, with calcium and phosphorus deposits on the optic and haptic surfaces that could be dissolved in 1% HCl.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Calcium and phosphorus deposition was the main cause of hydrophilic acrylic US-860UV IOL opacification. IOL replacement can safely and effectively improve the visual acuity of patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/1e/main.PMC10577844.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of radiation-induced optic neuropathy: A single-center retrospective study","authors":"Yongping Wang,&nbsp;Junxia Fu,&nbsp;Huanfen Zhou,&nbsp;Hongen Li,&nbsp;Quangang Xu,&nbsp;Shihui Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To observe the clinical and imaging characteristics of radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 43 patients (69 eyes) who were diagnosed with RION at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2010 to 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The latency from radiotherapy to onset of visual loss ranged from 1 to 132 (36.33 ​± ​30.48) months. Optic disc pallor and optic disc edema were found in 27.0% (10/37) and 8.1% (3/37) of the eyes, respectively, within 2 months. After treatment, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was restored in 24.6% (17/69) of the eyes and the final BCVA improved in 13.0% (9/69) of the eyes. An 82.5% (33/40) of the eyes with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enhancement of the affected optic nerve, mostly (69.7%) in the intracranial segment, and 36.4% (12/33) of the eyes with expansion and T2-high signals also showed enhancement of the affected optic nerve. The superior retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the outer circle superior quadrant (OS) of the inner limiting membrane to retinal pigment epithelium (ILM-RPE) layer thinned significantly during the first month. The center of the ILM-RPE layer thickened significantly during the first two months and the inner circle temporal quadrant (IT) of the ILM-RPE layer thickened significantly from the third to sixth month. The RNFL thinned significantly after 6 months except for the temporal quadrant, and the average inner circle superior quadrant (IS) and outer circle of the ILM-RPE layer thinned significantly after 6 months. There was no significant difference between hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) therapy in improving BCVA recovery or final BCVA (<em>P</em> ​&gt; ​0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The structural damage of the RNFL and ILM-RPE layer occurred during the first month, the RNFL showed progressive thinning during the follow-up period, while the ILM-RPE layer showed thinning during the first month, thickening from the third to sixth month, and thinning after 6 months. There was a discrete region of enhancement of the optic nerve, often with expansion and high-T2 signals on MRI. HBOT and high-dose IVMP therapy were hardly effective for treating RION in the non-acute stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 141-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ee/be/main.PMC10577828.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of vitrectomy, complete pan-retinal photocoagulation, and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation surgery after anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular glaucoma","authors":"Jinglan Li ,&nbsp;Siwenyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Baoke Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To establish a comprehensive treatment strategy and evaluate the efficacy of combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), endoscopic pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP), and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) surgery for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study included 30 patients (30 eyes) who were suffering from NVG and treated with PPV &amp; PRP &amp; ECP (ECP group, 16 eyes), or Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (Ahmed group, 14 eyes). The intraocular pressure (IOP), number of postoperative anti-glaucoma medications, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), successful rate of surgery, and postoperative complications were recorded and statistically analyzed at the time points of preoperative, 1-day, 1-month, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months after operation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>An obvious reduction in IOP and number of postoperative anti-glaucoma medications were observed in both the ECP group and Ahmed group after operation (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05), and the ECP group showed a significantly lower IOP compared to the Ahmed group at the 6-months (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.014) and 12-months (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.047) postoperative time points, while there was no significant difference of medication number between the two groups except for 1-day after surgery. The BCVA showed no marked difference between the two groups preoperatively and postoperatively (<em>P</em> ​&gt; ​0.05), while it was significantly improved in ECP group at 3-months (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.001), 6-months (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.004), and 12-months (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.010) time points comparing with preoperative BCVA. The surgical success rates in ECP group were also slightly higher than Ahmed group. And the complications after operation showed no marked differences.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The comprehensive treatment of PPV, endoscopic PRP, and ECP surgery for NVG patients after anti-VEGF injection can control IOP effectively and be friendly to patients’ BCVA without obvious serious complications throughout a 12-months follow-up period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 112-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/26/main.PMC10577840.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The necessity of pretreatment with 0.1% pranoprofen for femtosecond-assisted cataract surgery: A single-center, randomized controlled trial","authors":"Zhao Geng ,&nbsp;Ling Gao ,&nbsp;Chongyi Li ,&nbsp;He Xiao ,&nbsp;Liqi Fan ,&nbsp;Pei Liu ,&nbsp;Juan Yu ,&nbsp;Rongdi Yuan ,&nbsp;Jian Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To explore the effect of the variation of pupil diameter (PD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by femtosecond laser treatment on the subsequent phacoemulsfication and intraocular lens implantation. And whether the application of 0.1% pranoprofen could significantly reduce the miosis and increased IOP caused by femtosecond laser treatment in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, patients were pretreated with (trial group) or without (control group) topical 0.1% pranoprofen. The PD and IOP were measured at different time points within 30 ​min after the completion of the femtosecond laser treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The comparisons of the two groups showed the PD of patients pretreated with 0.1% pranoprofen was significantly larger than that of the control only at 15 ​min after FLACS (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.046), and there was no significant difference in IOP at any time point (<em>P</em> ​&gt; ​0.05). Neither the ratio of significant miosis (PD ​≤ ​5 ​mm) nor intraocular hypertension (IOP ≥30 ​mmHg) was significantly different between the control group (1.72%, 6.67%) and the trial group (1%, 4.17%) (<em>P</em> ​&gt; ​0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The PD and IOP of patients undergoing FLACS showed fluctuations within a small range. The rates of significant miosis and intraocular hypertension are very low, it is safe for surgeons to complete the follow-up procedures within 30 ​min after femtosecond laser treatment. Pretreatment with 0.1% pranoprofen exerted a slight, albeit significant prophylactic effect preventing pupil miosis. However, it provided only a limited benefit in patients undergoing FLACS without other complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 153-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/f9/main.PMC10577851.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal safety and toxicity study of artesunate in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Bing-Wen Lu ,&nbsp;Yu-Xiang Liang ,&nbsp;Jin-Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhong-Qing Sun ,&nbsp;Kwok-Fai So ,&nbsp;Kin Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aopr.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Artesunate (ART), a member of the artemisinin family, possesses multi-properties, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumor. ART was recently reported to show anti-neovascularization effect on the cornea, iris, and retina. Compared to the expensive anti-VEGF treatment, this versatile, economical treatment option is attractive in the ophthalmic field. The safety and toxicity profile of ART intravitreal application are in utmost need.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, immortalized microglial (IMG) cells were treated with ART to determine the safe concentrations without inducing overt inflammatory reactions. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect the cytokine expressions in IMG cells in response to ART stimulation. Various doses of ART were intravitreally injected into the right eyes of C57BL/6 mice. Retinal function was tested by electroretinogram, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival was evaluated by counting Brn3a stained cells in flat-mounted retinas at 7 days after ART injection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>ART below 5μM was safe for IMG cells <em>in vitro</em>. Both 2.5 and 5 ​μM ART treatment increased IL-10 gene expression in IMG cells while not changing IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Arg-1. In the <em>in vivo</em> study, intravitreal injection of ART below 100 ​μM did not cause deterioration in the retinal function and RGC survival of the mouse eyes, while 1 ​mM ART treatment significantly attenuated both the scotopic and photopic b-wave amplitudes and impaired RGC survival. In addition, treatment with ART of 25, 50, and 100 ​μM significantly decreased TNF-α gene expression while ART of 100 ​μM significantly increased IL-10 in the mouse retina.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Intravitreal injection of 100 ​μM ART could downregulate TNF-α while upregulate IL-10 in the mouse retina without causing retinal functional deterioration and RGC loss. ART might be used as anti-inflammatory agent for retinal disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of iron metabolism in retinal diseases","authors":"Cunzi Li ,&nbsp;Chunyu Xiao ,&nbsp;Hui Tao ,&nbsp;Xianling Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Retinal diseases can lead to severe visual impairment and even blindness, but current treatments are limited. For precise targeted therapy, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the diseases still need to be further explored. Iron serves an essential role in many biological activities and helps maintain the function and morphology of the retina. The vision problems caused by retinal diseases are affecting more and more people, the study of iron metabolism in retinal diseases possesses great potential for clinical application.</p></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><p>Iron maintains a dynamic balance in the retina but in excess is toxic to the retina. Iron overload can lead to various pathological changes in the retina through oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, angiogenesis and other pathways. It is therefore involved in the progression of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and hereditary iron overload. In recent years, iron chelators have been shown to be effective in the treatment of retinal diseases, but the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. This question prompted further investigation into the specific mechanisms by which iron metabolism is involved in retinal disease.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This review summarizes iron metabolism processes in the retina and mechanistic studies of iron metabolism in the progression of retinal disease. It also highlights the therapeutic potential of iron chelators in retinal diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/b6/main.PMC10577842.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image registration: Required for all ophthalmic imaging as demonstrated by optoretinography","authors":"Ronald A. Schachar ,&nbsp;Ira H. Schachar ,&nbsp;Andrzej Grzybowski","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 101-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/93/main.PMC10577865.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to become a good surgeon","authors":"Peter Wiedemann","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10577823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of lens zonules","authors":"Yingying Pan ,&nbsp;Zhaoqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Han Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The lens zonule, a circumferential system of fibres connecting the ciliary body to the lens, is responsible for centration of the lens. The structural, functional, and positional abnormalities of the zonular apparatus can lead to the abnormality of the intraocular structure, presenting a significant challenge to cataract surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><p>The lens zonule is the elaborate system of extracellular fibers, which not only centers the lens in the eye but also plays an important role in accommodation and lens immunity, maintains the shape of the lens, and corrects spherical aberration. The zonules may directly participate in the formation of cataract via the immune mechanism. Abnormal zonular fibers that affect the position and shape of the lens may play an important role in the pathogenesis of angle closure disease and increase the complexity of the surgery. Capsular tension rings and related endocapsular devices are used to provide sufficient capsular bag stabilization and ensure the safety of cataract surgery procedures. Better preoperative and intraoperative evaluation methods for zonules are needed for clinicians.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The microstructure, biomechanical properties, and physiological functions of the lens zonules help us to better understand the pathogenesis of cataract and glaucoma, facilitating the development of safer surgical procedures for cataract. Further studies are needed to carefully analyze the structure–function relationship of the zonular apparatus to explore new treatment strategies for cataract and glaucoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f7/72/main.PMC10577871.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}